Harraton
| Harraton | |
|---|---|
 St George's church and churchyard, Harraton | |
| Population | 2,878 |
| OS grid reference | NZ29475479 |
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | HARRATON |
| Postcode district | NE38 |
| Dialling code | 0191 |
| Police | Northumbria |
| Fire | Tyne and Wear |
| Ambulance | North East |
| UK Parliament | |
Harraton was a township in Chester-le-Street parish, and a sub-district in Chester-le-Street registration district, Durham. Since 1974 it is located in the Borough of Sunderland in the county of Tyne and Wear. The township lies on the river Wear, and on the North-eastern railway; now a cyclist route/footpath, 3 miles north-east of Chester-le-Street; includes the villages of Chaters-Hough, Fatfield, and Pictree; and forms part of the chapelry of Birtley.[1] The soil and subsoil are clay. The chief crops are wheat, oats and turnips. A considerable portion of Lambton Park, the seat of the Earl of Durham, and the castle and gardens, being on the north side of the river Wear, are in the township of Harraton, but for particulars see Lambton Castle.[2]
History
In 1870-72 Wilson (1872) described Harraton thus: the manor belongs to the Earl of Durham; and has his seat, Lambton Castle, on an eminence adjacent to the Wear. There is a chapel-school of the Established church, and chapels for Wesleyans and Primitive Methodists. The sub-district contains Washington parish, and six townships and a chapelry of Chester-le-Street parish.[1]
The parish church of Harraton is called Fatfield St George for historical reasons.[3] The church was built in 1879 on land given by the Earl of Durham.
Harraton Colliery Chapel was built in 1873 financed by the Earl of Durham and is of brick construction seating 150, the building is still standing. It was used by the Primitive Methodists. This particular branch of Methodism had as its aim the recovery, as they saw it of the principles and practice of the early Methodists which had been lost or at least played down. The chapel was the chosen place of worship for believers of the working classes, where as the Anglican Church was seen as the domain of the “bosses”. The Chapel functioned as a place of worship until 1932 when it closed.[4]
Mining
Coal was extensively worked; but the majority of the coal pits are exhausted.[1]
Row Pit, Harraton Colliery was the scene of a fatal explosion on Monday, 30 June 1817. Some miners were sent to work in an area of the colliery which was not free from firedamp and the men were expressly ordered to use safety lamps. One man, John Moody, ignored this instruction and was observed using a candle.[5] The overman ordered Moody to extinguish the candle, which he did. Shortly afterwards Moody was again found using a candle and reprimanded. He extinguished the candle and lit his lamp. The overman had just left him when the explosion occurred.[6] 38 of the 41 men underground were killed, including a grandfather, his two sons and seven grandsons.[6]
Two days later eight workmen descended Nova Scotia Pit, part of the same colliery. When they did not return another party went down but were forced back by chokedamp. Late on the following day six bodies were recovered and there was "little hope of recovery for the other two".[6] All eight were recorded as being buried on 5 July.[7]
The pit closed in May 1965,[8] with many of the miners' migrating to the modern pits in Nottinghamshire. The poet Jock Purdon wrote Farewell to Cotia about the pit's closure and the "exodus" to Nottinghamshire.
References
Citations
- ^ a b c University of Portsmouth 2014.
- ^ Kelly 1890.
- ^ St George's Church 2015.
- ^ Lake 2011.
- ^ Richardson 1844.
- ^ a b c Thomson 1817.
- ^ Durham Mining Museum 2012, "In Memoriam" section.
- ^ Northern Mine Research Society - Durham Coal
Bibliography
- Durham Mining Museum (2012), Harraton, Nova Scotia Pit, retrieved 17 February 2015
- Forbears (2015), Harraton Genealogy & History, retrieved 17 April 2015
- Kelly (1890), Kelley's Directory of Durham. Quoted in Forbears (2015)
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - Lake, James (11 July 2011), "Harraton Colliery Chapel - a history" (PDF), Durham in Time, Durham County Council, retrieved 17 April 2015
- Richardson, M A (1844), Local Historian's Table Book of Remarkable Occurrences Connected with the Counties of Newcastle-Upon-Tyne, Northumberland and Durham, retrieved 17 February 2015. Reproduced on the web site of The Durham Mining Museum
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - St George's Church (2015), Welcome to St George's Church, retrieved 17 February 2015
- Thomson, Thomas, ed. (1817), "Explosion in a Durham Coal-pit", Annals of Philosophy, vol. X, pp. 231–232. Copied from the Newcastle Chronicle of July 5.
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: postscript (link) - University of Portsmouth (2014), "Harraton, County Durham", A Vision of Britain through Time, retrieved 17 February 2015
- Wilson, John Marius (1872), Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales
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