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Harriot Kezia Hunt

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Harriot Hunt
BornNovember 9, 1805
Boston, MA
DiedJanuary 2, 1875
Boston, MA
Resting placeMount Auburn Cemetery
EducationHonorary MD: Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania
Occupation(s)Teacher, M.D., Women's Rights Acitivist
Parent(s)Kezia Wenthworth Hunt, Joab Hunt

Harriot Kezia Hunt (November 9, 1805 – January 2, 1875) was an early female physician and women's rights activist.

Biography

Early life

Hunt was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1805, the daughter of Joab Hunt and Kezia Wentworth Hunt. She and her sister, Sarah Hunt, opened a private school in their home after the death of their father in 1827 in order to be self-sufficient.[1] Though teaching brought in money, Hunt felt it was not what she wanted to do with her life. Hunt's sister soon fell ill and was unable to recover with the treatment offered by conventional doctors. Dr. Richard Dixon Mott was invited to treat Sarah. It was after this that Hunt began studying medicine under Elizabeth Mott and Dr. Mott in 1833.[1] Rather than using the common methods of the time, Mr. and Mrs. Mott used rest and relaxation as well as herbal remedies to help strengthen and cure patients. Hunt benefited greatly through clinical observation while working with Elizabeth Mott, who generally oversaw most of Dr. Mott's female patients.[2] In 1835 Hunt opened her own consulting room, without a medical diploma.[1]

Education and practice

Hunt was the first woman to apply to Harvard Medical School in 1847. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. had recently been made Dean of the school and initially considered accepting her application. He was heavily criticized by the all-male student body[3] as well as the university overseers and other faculty members, and she was asked to withdraw her application.[4] Shortly after Elizabeth Blackwell's graduation from Geneva College in 1849, Hunt applied again to Harvard, but was denied.[1] In the years following Hunt's application and denial, other women continued to be denied as well. It wasn't until 1945 that Harvard Medical School admitted its first class of women in a 10-year trial to measure productivity and accomplishment of women both during and after medical schooling. This class of women was admitted due to the decreased amount of qualified male applicants as a result of World War II.[5] Despite not being accepted to Harvard after her second application, Hunt continued to practice medicine on her own. She became so widely known that in 1853 she received an Honorary MD from the Female Medical College of Pennsylvania.[1]

Hunt was criticized throughout her years of medical practice, particularly from those who believed her profession was unsuitable for traditional femininity of the era. One New York Times article in 1858, for example, chided her for being "one of the dozen women in the United States who pine because Nature did not make them men".[6] Conversely, Hunt believed that femininity made women especially suited for the medical profession. As she asked, "What could be more delicately feminine, more truly womanly, than to take the hand of a sister, afflicted in body and mind, and to show her the cause of her diseases?"[7]

Hunt also worked passionately advocating for the right of women to both learn and practice medicine and, more generally, to be educated and seek professions. She believed she was living in an "age of transition", as she called it, where people were beginning to question societal traditions.[7] In 1850 she attended the National Women's Rights Convention in Worcester, Massachusetts. For a number of years Hunt spent her time lecturing on the abolition of slavery as well as women's rights.[2] Much of her career is described in her memoirs, Glances and Glimpses; or, Fifty Years' Social, Including Twenty Years' Professional Life (Boston: J.P. Jewett and Company, 1856).

In 1860, she celebrated her 25 years practicing medicine with a party that drew 1500 guests, including three generations of her patients. At the event, she reportedly offered her advice to women: "I have been so happy in my work; every moment occupied; how I long to whisper it in the ear of every listless woman, 'do something, if you would be happy'".[8]

Death and legacy

Hygeia, the Greek goddess of health, carved by Edmonia Lewis c. 1871-1872 for Harriot Hunt's grave

After her death in Boston, 1875, at the age of 70, she was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery, near Boston.[1] Her grave can still be visited today and is marked by a statue of the Greek goddess of health, Hygeia. This was carved by the African American sculptor, Edmonia Lewis. Hunt is also commemorated on the Salem Women's Heritage Trail.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Kelly, Howard A.; Burrage, Walter L. (eds.). "Hunt, Harriot Kezia" . American Medical Biographies . Baltimore: The Norman, Remington Company.
  2. ^ a b Harriot Kezia Hunt. (2016). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/biography/Harriot-Kezia-Hunt
  3. ^ Menand, Louis. The Metaphysical Club: A Story of Ideas in America. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2001: 8. ISBN 0-374-19963-9.
  4. ^ Gibian, Peter. Oliver Wendell Holmes and the Culture of Conversation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 176. ISBN 0-511-01763-4.
  5. ^ Sedgwick, Jessica (2012). "The Archives for Women in Medicine: Documenting Women's Experiences and Contributions at Harvard Medical School". Centuarus. 54: 305–306. Retrieved 2016-04-04.
  6. ^ Skinner, Carolyn. Women Physicians and Professional Ethos in Nineteenth-Century America. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2014: 7–8. ISBN 978-0-8093-3300-4.
  7. ^ a b Lawes, Carolyn J. Women and Reform in a New England Community, 1815-1860. Lexington, KY: The University Press of Kentucky, 2000: 170. ISBN 978-0-8131-2131-4
  8. ^ Skinner, Carolyn. Women Physicians and Professional Ethos in Nineteenth-Century America. Carbondale, Illinois: Southern Illinois University Press, 2014: 7. ISBN 978-0-8093-3300-4.

Further reading

  • Atwater, Edward C (2016). Women Medical Doctors in the United States before the Civil War: A Biographical Dictionary. Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. ISBN 9781580465717. OCLC 945359277. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
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