Helastia cinerearia
| Helastia cinerearia | |
|---|---|
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| Female | |
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| Male | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Geometridae |
| Genus: | Helastia |
| Species: | H. cinerearia
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| Binomial name | |
| Helastia cinerearia (Doubleday, 1843)[1]
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| Synonyms[2] | |
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Helastia cinerearia is a moth of the family Geometridae.[3] It is endemic to New Zealand and can be found in the North, South and Stewart Islands as well as on the Mercury and Chatham Islands. The preferred habitat of H. cinerearia includes urban gardens, various types of forest and sub alpine habitats. The larval host is lichen on rocks. The adult moths are on the wing all year round but are most commonly observed from September until February. Adult moths are nocturnal and have been observed feeding from and likely pollinating Hebe salicifolia, Hoheria lyallii and Leptospermum scoparium.
Taxonomy
[edit]This species was first described by Edward Doubleday in 1843 and named Cidaria cinerearia.[4] George Hudson illustrated and discussed this species under the name Xanthorhoe cinerearia in 1928 in his book The moths and butterflies of New Zealand.[5] In 1939 Louis Beethoven Prout placed this species in the genus Larentia.[6] In 1971 J. S. Dugdale placed this species in the genus Helastia and went on to confirm this placement in his 1988 publication Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa.[7][8] Robin C. Craw when revising the Helastia genus discussed this species in 1987.[2] The male lectotype specimen collected by Andrew Sinclair in Auckland is held at the Natural History Museum, London.[7]
Description
[edit]
This species was described by Edward Doubleday as follows:
Anterior wings acuminate, very slightly falcate, pale brownish-ash, with numerous fuscous strigae, mostly very slender, but occasionally uniting to form transverse bands, of which one, not very distinct, is situated near the base, another a little before, and a third a little beyond the middle, these two being very distinct near the costa, but almost obliterated near the inner margin. Near the outer margin, which is rather darker than the ground-colour of the wing, is a slender much-waved whitish striga, and near the middle of the costa is a minute white dot. Posterior ashy-white, rather shining, with numerous indistinct fuscous strigae. Antennae of the male emitting from their lower surface two stout pectinations of unequal length, closely approximating at their origin, clothed with a delicate silky pubescence ; at the base and apex these pectinations are very short. Palpi rather long.[4]
H. cinerearia is often confused with H. alba, H. christinae, H. mutabilis, and H. semisignata.[2]
Distribution
[edit]H. cinerearia is endemic to New Zealand.[1] This species is found in the North, South and Stewart Islands and has also been observed on the Mercury Islands and Chatham Islands.[2]
Habitat and hosts
[edit]This species has been found in a variety of habitats including urban gardens, various types of forest and sub alpine habitats.[2] The larval host is lichen on rocks.[9]
Behaviour
[edit]Adult moths are on the wing all year but are most commonly observed from September until February.[10] Adult moths of H. cinerearia fly during dusk and at the evening and can be taken a light, sugar and at blossoms.[11] Adult moths have been observed feeding from and likely pollinating Hebe salicifolia, Hoheria lyallii and Leptospermum scoparium.[12] Adults have been observed resting on stones, or bare ground, and is very partial to the sides of road cuttings where it sometimes occurs in considerable numbers.[5] It is also fond of resting on walls and fences.[5]
References
[edit]
- ^ a b Gordon, Dennis P., ed. (2010). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: Kingdom animalia: chaetognatha, ecdysozoa, ichnofossils. Vol. 2. p. 459. ISBN 978-1-877257-93-3. OCLC 973607714. OL 25288394M. Wikidata Q45922947.
- ^ a b c d e R. C. Craw (April 1987). "Revision of the genus Helastia sensu stricto with description of a new genus (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)". New Zealand Journal of Zoology. 14 (2): 269–293. doi:10.1080/03014223.1987.10422997. ISSN 0301-4223. Wikidata Q54670161.
- ^ "Helastia cinerearia (Doubleday, 1843)". www.nzor.org.nz. Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd. Retrieved 2018-04-04.
- ^ a b Dieffenbach, E. (1843). "List of Annulose Animals hitherto recorded as found in New Zealand with descriptions of some new species by Messrs. Adam White and Edward Doubleday". Travels in New Zealand: With Contributions to the Geography, Geology, Botany and Natural History of the Country. Vol. 2. London: John Murray. p. 286.
- ^ a b c George Vernon Hudson (1928), The butterflies and moths of New Zealand, Illustrator: George Hudson, Wellington: Ferguson and Osborn Limited, pp. 112–113, LCCN 88133764, OCLC 25449322, Wikidata Q58593286
- ^ Prout, L. B. (1939). "Geometridae: Fauna Indo-Australica". The Macrolepidoptera of the World. 12: 265 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
- ^ a b Dugdale, J. S. (10 November 1971). "Entomology of the Aucklands and other islands south of New Zealand: Lepidoptera, excluding non-crambine Pyralidae". Pacific Insects Monographs. 27: 55–172. ISSN 0078-7515. Wikidata Q64006453.
- ^ John Stewart Dugdale (23 September 1988). "Lepidoptera - annotated catalogue, and keys to family-group taxa". Fauna of New Zealand. 14. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research: 180–181. doi:10.7931/J2/FNZ.14. ISSN 0111-5383. Wikidata Q45083134.
- ^ Hamish J. H. Patrick; Mike H. Bowie; Barry W. Fox; Brian H. Patrick (2011). "The moths of Quail Island (Ōtamahua): a faunal comparison of an island under restoration with other sites on Banks Peninsula". New Zealand Natural Sciences. 36. doi:10.26021/583. ISSN 0113-7492. Wikidata Q97665452.
- ^ "Helastia cinerearia". iNaturalist. Retrieved 2023-04-28.
- ^ George Vernon Hudson (1898), New Zealand moths and butterflies (Macro-lepidoptera), Illustrator: George Hudson, London, p. 67, doi:10.5962/BHL.TITLE.7912, OCLC 980865393, Wikidata Q19073637
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Richard B. Primack (July 1983). "Insect pollination in the New Zealand mountain flora". New Zealand Journal of Botany. 21 (3): 317–333. doi:10.1080/0028825X.1983.10428561. ISSN 0028-825X. Wikidata Q54669862.