Henry Horner
Henry Horner (November 30, 1878[1] – October 6, 1940) was a Democratic governor of Illinois, serving from 1933 to 1940, when he died in office. Horner was the first Jewish governor of Illinois.
Political biography
Horner was born Henry Levy to Solomon Abraham Levy and Dilah Horner in Chicago. He assumed the surname Horner after his parents divorced in 1883. He attended the University of Chicago. He was a lawyer and served as a probate judge from 1915 to 1931.
First elected governor in 1932, Horner served during the difficult years of the Great Depression. Because of a fiscal crisis facing Illinois during his first term in office, he was forced to ask the General Assembly for new tax revenue. In 1933, he signed Illinois's first permanent sales tax law into effect with an inaugural rate of 2.0%. Horner also signed a bill in 1935 increasing the Illinois sales tax rate to 3.0%.
His administration was marked by integrity and a strong commitment to both conservative fiscal management and the needs of the indigent and those in state institutions. His insistence on stopping graft and keeping state payrolls free of non-working patronage appointees put him at odds with the Democratic political organization of Chicago run by Patrick Nash and Mayor Ed Kelly. They backed a rival candidate in the 1936 Primary, whom Horner defeated with the help of a large downstate vote.
Horner went on to win re-election in November, 1936, whereupon he became determined to defeat the Kelly-Nash machine. He supported the election of Scott Lucas to the Senate in 1938, defeating incumbent Senator William Dieterich, who had shown himself to be anti-Semitic and somewhat pro-German. Horner suffered a stroke two days before the November election, and spent five months recovering in Florida before returning to Illinois, too late to mount the campaign he had wanted to lead against the re-election of Mayor Kelly.
The Governor's health wavered over the next year until a collapse in the summer of 1940. He convalesced in Winnetka and Highland Park, Illinois from June, 1940 until his death in October. He was succeeded by Lt. Governor John Stelle, who had been one of Horner's greatest political enemies.
Legacies
Horner is interred at Mt. Mayriv Cemetery, a Jewish cemetery in Chicago. A Jewish summer camp in Ingleside, a suburb of Chicago, is named Camp Henry Horner after him.
Horner, a lifelong bachelor, collected Lincoln-related memorabilia and bequeathed it to the people of Illinois. The Horner Collection is now stored and partly displayed in the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum in Springfield, Illinois.
Horner Park, located in Chicago, is a 55-acre (220,000 m2) facility bordered by Montrose Avenue to the north, Irving Park Road to the south, California Avenue to the west, and the north branch of the Chicago River to the east. The Governor Horner State Memorial is located in Horner Park.
Books
- (1969) Thomas B. Littlewood, Horner of Illinois. Northwestern University Press.
- (2007) Charles J. Masters, Governor Henry Horner, Chicago Politics, And The Great Depression. Southern Illinois University Press. ISBN 0-8093-2739-2.
References
External links
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