Hoshi Tōru
Hoshi Tōru 星 亨 | |
|---|---|
 Hoshi Tōru in 1898 | |
| Born | May 19, 1850 Edo, Japan |
| Died | June 21, 1901 (aged 51) Tokyo, Japan |
| Nationality | Japanese |
| Occupation(s) | politician, cabinet minister |
Hoshi Tōru (星 亨, 19 May 1850 – 21 June 1901) was a Japanese politician and cabinet minister in Meiji period Japan.
Early life and education[edit]
Hoshi was born in Edo in what is now part of Tsukiji, Tokyo; little is known about his biological father other than that he was a plasterer. His mother remarried to a medical doctor in Uraga, and he adopted the Hoshi surname. Initially intending to pursue a career in medicine, he learned English at Yokohama, and eventually became an English language instructor. He travelled to England, where he studied at the Middle Temple, and in 1877 became the first Japanese to qualify as a barrister in the United Kingdom.[1]
Career[edit]
After the Meiji Restoration, he enjoyed the patronage of Mutsu Munemitsu and entered into the service of the new Meiji government, serving as head of the Yokohama Customs Office. At one point he precipitated a minor diplomatic incident over a disagreement with British minister Harry Smith Parkes over what kanji to use in translating the title of “queen” as in Queen Victoria, and refusing to agree to Parkes's position, resigned his post.
On his return to Japan from England, Hoshi entered the Ministry of Justice, and was outspoken in his criticism of the hanbatsu, or clan-based politics, and what he perceived as the weak position of the Japanese government over the revision of the imequal treaties with the western powers. He was briefly expelled from Tokyo under the Peace Preservation Law[2] and forbidden to publish in 1887 and jailed in 1888. Hoshi left Japan for the United States and Canada in 1888 soon after his release, remaining for a year, and continued on to England and Germany, only returning to Japan in 1890.
In 1892, he was elected to the House of Representatives of Japan in the 1892 General Election under the Liberal Party and became Speaker of the House in May 1892. However, he was removed from office in December 1893 following a vote of no confidence.[3] Well versed in legal issues concerning the United States from his time as Resident Minister in Washington, D.C., from 1896 to 1898, Hoshi was scheduled to be appointed Foreign Minister under the 1st Ōkuma administration; however, due to internal political issues within the Kenseitō party, the appointment never came through. Instead, Hoshi was appointed Communications Minister in the 4th Itō administration in October 1900.
Corruption scandal and death[edit]
He also left the Kenseitō to join Itō’s party, Rikken Seiyūkai.[4] However, the same month he was accused by the newspaper Mainichi Shimbun of involvement in a corruption scandal within the Tokyo City Assembly. Although he protested his innocence, he was forced to resign three months later due to a relentless campaign against his name by the newspaper. In March 1901, he was found innocent due to lack of evidence, but during the middle of the trial he was assassinated by a middle-aged man with a short sword.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ Dean Meryll, Mayumi Irie (2002). Japanese Legal System. Cavendish Publishing. ISBN 1859419577. page 283
- ^ McLean, Walter Wallace (2013). Political History of Japan During the Meiji Era, 1867-1912. Routledge. ISBN 978-1164071839.
- ^ a b De Lange, William (1998). A History of Japanese Journalism: Japan's Press Club as the Last Obstacle to a Mature Press. Psychology Press. ISBN 1873410689. page 99-100
- ^ Itoh, Mayumi Irie (2003). The Hatoyama Dynasty: Japanese Political Leadership Through the Generations. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403981523. page 36
External links[edit]
| International | |
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| National | |
- 1850 births
- 1901 deaths
- 19th-century Japanese lawyers
- Government ministers of Japan
- Politicians from Tokyo
- Members of the House of Representatives (Empire of Japan)
- Speakers of the House of Representatives (Japan)
- Liberal Party (Japan, 1881) politicians
- Kenseikai politicians
- Rikken Seiyūkai politicians
- People murdered in Tokyo
- Politicians assassinated in the 1900s
- Japanese politicians assassinated in the 20th century
- Assassinated government ministers in Asia