House of Aaron
| House of Aaron | |
|---|---|
 House of Aaron logo | |
| Classification | Latter Day Saint[1][2][3]: 5–8 |
| Leader | John M. Conrad[4] |
| Headquarters | EskDale, Utah 39°6′27.61″N 113°57′10.87″W / 39.1076694°N 113.9530194°W |
| Founder | Maurice L. Glendenning |
| Origin | August 18, 1943[3]: 5–8 Utah |
| Separated from | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints[1][2][3] |
| Members | Between 1,500 and 2,000[1] |
| Official website | House of Aaron website |
The House of Aaron, less commonly known as the Aaronic Order or The Order of Aaron[1] is a religious sect classified by scholars as an offshoot of the Latter Day Saint movement. The sect is centered in EskDale, Utah[1] a small farming community in Millard County, with additional branches in Partoun, and Murray, Utah. The House of Aaron was founded in 1943 by Maurice L. Glendenning and has a membership estimated between 1,500 and 2,000.[1]
Background
Glendenning, born February 15, 1891 in Randolph, Kansas, and his family were unfamiliar with the Latter Day Saint movement and The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).However, as a boy, he confided in his father that he could "hear heavenly music even when wide-awake".[3]As a young teen, the heavenly music became interspersed with angelic voices uttering poetry, which he began to write down in notes he kept private out of fear of ridicule.[3] As a young man, the "angelic poetry" evolved into doctrinal and philosophical statements,[3] and he gradually began sharing the text of his messages with more and more friends and relatives.
In 1928, Glendenning and his family moved to Provo, Utah, looking for employment. Counseled by LDS missionaries, Glendenning began to feel that a number of LDS doctrines, including the priesthood and proper authority, helped him understand his experiences and writings.[3] Glendenning and his wife were baptized into the LDS Church on August 14, 1929.[3]
On January 15, 1945 he was excommunicated as the "Instigator of the Aaronic Order".[3]: 35 LDS Church General Authorities asserted that Glendenning was an apostate or heretic. While LDS members could receive divine inspiration for themselves, no one could receive authentic divine messages for the church as a whole, except the President of the Church.[5] However, Glendenning claims not to have received divine messages for the LDS church as a whole; rather, he was accused of wrongdoing presumably because he had claimed to receive divine inspiration that, if true, would affect the validity of some of the teachings of the LDS Church.[5]
Glendenning died October 5, 1969 in Utah.
Sect classification
The House of Aaron does not consider itself to be part of the Latter Day Saint movement.[3]: 5 However, religious researchers have categorized it as part of the Latter Day Saint movement, due to Glendenning's membership and excommunication from the LDS Church,[2] the LDS roots of most of its founding members,[2] the similarities between Glendenning's claims and those of Mormonism's founder Joseph Smith, and the Utah location of its commune and branches.[3][6][7]
Current ministry and beliefs
The House of Aaron ministry is currently under the leadership of John M. Conrad,[4] who states, "Our passion and mission is to assist in the gathering of Israel into a Holy Nation with Yeshua as King and the Torah (Word) as its constitution. Our focus is on Yeshua (Jesus)." [8] The House of Aaron website states its mission is "to participate in and hasten the preparation of the Body of Jesus Christ for His second coming." Its vision is to "restore the Biblical, Levitical ministry to its prophesied fulness in Jesus Christ and to reconcile individuals, families, and fellowships to their places in the Body of Christ."[9]
The following statement comes from the official House of Aaron website:
The House of Aaron is the Biblical name of the family of Israelite priests ordained by God to serve Him at the Tabernacle in the wilderness and, later, at the temple in Jerusalem. Aaronites were a family within the tribe of Levi. This entire tribe was called by God to minister to him and then to the people. The specific duties of the Levites were to assist Aaron in the work of the Tabernacle, in teaching, ministering in music and judging all the tribes of Israel. God made clear that Levi was to have no inheritance in the land but Him. (Deuteronomy 18:1–2) Thus, no territory was identified as Levi and Aaron's home. Instead, 48 Levitical cities were scattered about the land, some in each tribe to remind Levi that his ministry extended to all the tribes of Israel.[9]
Scripture
The House of Aaron considers its beliefs to be strictly Biblical and part of the broader messianic movement united under the Alliance of Redeemed Israel (ARI). Its basic beliefs have never included the Book of Mormon, nor any other LDS scriptures.[3]: 5–8
In 1978 the Levitical Writings was published. This book was a compilation of 1944's Book of Elias, or the Record of John, 1948's New Revelations for the Book of Elias, or the Record of John, and 1955's Disciple Book.[3]
Currently, House of Aaron says that the "Levitical Writings" is only mentioned and studied on occasion but is not used for doctrine.[8][11][12] House of Aaron leader John Conrad states unequivocally that the Bible is "the undisputed basis of our doctrine and teaching." [8]
Godhead
In contrast to the LDS Church's teaching of Godhead, the Aaronic Order teaches that Christ is seen as having a Heavenly Father, but also is to be thought of as the Father and that the Holy Ghost is the spirit of God and Jesus Christ resumed after his resurrection.[3]
Priesthood
The Aaronic Order believes that members given the Aaronic Priesthood in the pre-mortal existence, and need not be ordained.[3]: 75, 89–93 Members therefore believe that they are Biblical leaders who were predestined to come to the earth and fulfill their the responsibilities.[3]
Communal settlement
In 1955 the church established a communal settlement called EskDale, Utah, named after Eskdale, Scotland.[13] EskDale has become a small unincorporated farming area in Millard County, Utah, located just east of the Nevada border.
In its early years, EskDale community was isolationist, and a uniform was worn: the men in blue slacks and shirts with "Aaron" embroidered in gold over the pocket; women in blue and white dresses with "Levi" embroidered on their small, white caps.[1] However, over the past several decades, the community has slowly become an open, integral part of the local valley, and the dress code has been relaxed.[4]
Plural marriage
The House of Aaron states that they have never believed in or practiced polygamy and House of Aaron leader John M. Conrad has described polygamy as "abhorrent and disgusting."[8]
However, in 2005, due to numerous publications which claimed the House of Aaron practiced plural marriage, the House of Aaron was included in the Utah Attorney General’s Office and the Arizona Attorney General's Office publication titled The Primer.[1] It was included within the list of "Fundamentalist Groups" that are practitioners of plural marriage.[1] However, in 2011 the House of Aaron was removed from the publication.[14]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g h i The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities: Fundamentalist Mormon Communities (PDF), Utah Attorney General’s Office and Arizona Attorney General's Office, June 2005, p. 19, retrieved June 29, 2010
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c d Baer, Hans A. (Spring 1979). "The Aaronic Order: The Development of a Modern Mormon Sect" (PDF). Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 12 (1): 57–71.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Erickson, Ralph D. (1969). "History and doctrinal development of the Order of Aaron". Brigham Young University, Dept. of Graduate Studies of the College of Religious Instruction. Retrieved 2 March 2016.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b c Wright, James G. (1993). "To survive, children of Aaron coming of age: Isolationist sect finds it must let a little of the world seep into its commune to keep it alive". Los Angeles Times.
- ^ a b Beeston, Blanche W. (1966). Purified as Gold and Silver. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, Ltd. pp. 34–38.
- ^ J. Gordon Melton (1995, 5th ed.). Encyclopedia of American Religions (Detroit: Gale, ISBN 0-8103-7714-4) p. 561.
- ^ Hillinger, Charles (19 February 1966). "The Order of Aaron: A Communion With Nature, God". St. Petersburg Times -. EskDale, Utah. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- ^ a b c d Conrad, John M. (18 June 2013). "Statement From John M. Conrad: Regarding the Article, "The Plain Truth about MIA's House of Aaron"". House of Aaron. Retrieved 15 January 2014. Cite error: The named reference "ConradStatement" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
- ^ a b "House of Aaron Official Website: About Us: House of Aaron Overview". House of Aaron. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ Stein, Joshua R (11 October 2007). "Definition: Religion?". The Harvard Crimson. Cambridge, MA. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
Of the official symbols, 17 are directly related to Christianity, including such obscure denominations as the Aaronic Order Church, a 20th-century outgrowth of the Latter Day Saints movement that has fewer than 2,000 members nationally.
- ^ Houtz, Frank (2013). "A Brother Under Attack My Personal Experience with the House of Aaron". Dry Bones Restoration Company. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ Houtz, Frank (2013). "A Path Less Traveled: A Brother: Part Two". Dry Bones Restoration Company. Retrieved 15 January 2014.
- ^ Van Cott, John W. (1990). Utah Place Names. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. p. 131. ISBN 0-87480-345-4.
- ^ The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities: Fundamentalist Mormon Communities (PDF), Utah Attorney General’s Office and Arizona Attorney General's Office, June 2011, p. 11, retrieved January 2013
{{citation}}: Check date values in:|accessdate=(help)CS1 maint: others (link)
References
- Beeston, Blanche W. (1957). Now My Servant: A Brief Biography of a Firstborn Son of Aaron. Caldwell, ID: Caxton Printers, Ltd. ISBN 1258139103. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- Conrad, Robert. Basic Beliefs of the Aaronic Order. Murray, UT: The Aaronic Order.
- Glendenning, Maurice L. (1955). Church of the First-Born, The Church of Christ, The Church of Jesus Christ, The Church of God: a treatise. Salt Lake City, UT: Corporation of the President of the Aaronic Order.
- Glendenning, Maurice L. (1978). Levitical Writings. EskDale, UT: The Aaronic Order.
- Baer, Hans A. Recreating Utopia in the Desert: A Sectarian Challenge to Modern Mormonism. Albany, NY: Stake University of New York Press. ISBN 088706681X. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- Buchanan, Frederick S. (January–February 1979). "A Refuge in the Desert: Eskdale, Utah" (PDF). Sunstone. Salt Lake City, Utah: Sunstone Education Foundation, Inc: 33–36. Retrieved 6 January 2014.
- Wright, James G. (September 6, 1993). "To survive, children of Aaron coming of age: Isolationist sect finds it must let a little of the world seep into its commune to keep it alive". Los Angeles Times. Eskdale, Utah. Retrieved 6 January 2014.