Howlett Line
The Howlett Line was a critical Confederate earthworks dug during the Bermuda Hundred Campaign of the United States Civil War in May 1864. Specifically, the line stretched across the Bermuda Hundred peninsula from the James River to the Appomattox River.[1] It was named for the Howlett House that stood at the north end of the line.[2] The Howlett line became famous as the "Cork in the Bottle" by keeping General Butler's Army of the James at bay.[2]
Details
Following the Battle of Ware Bottom Church (May 20, 1864), the confederates began digging a critical set of defensive earthworks that became known as the Howlett Line.[1] In Grant's Personal Memoirs he described a conversation with his Chief Engineer regarding Butler's predicament:
He said that the general occupied a place between the James and Appomattox rivers which was of great strength, and where with an inferior force he could hold it for an indefinite length of time against a superior; but that he could do nothing offensively. I then asked him why Butler could not move out from his lines and push across the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad to the rear and on the south side of Richmond. He replied that it was impracticable, because the enemy had substantially the same line across the neck of land that General Butler had. He then took out his pencil and drew a sketch of the locality, remarking that the position was like a bottle and that Butler's line of intrenchments across the neck represented the cork; that the enemy had built an equally strong line immediately in front of him across the neck; and it was therefore as if Butler was in a bottle. He was perfectly safe against an attack; but, as Barnard expressed it, the enemy had corked the bottle and with a small force could hold the cork in its place.
— Ulysses S. Grant, Personal Memoirs
During the Second Battle of Petersburg (June 15, 1864) General Beauregard pulled forces from the Howlett line to reinforce his defenses. The construction of Confederate fortifications and trenches known as the Howlett Line held Butler in place until Lee evacuated the position on April 2, 1865.[3]
See also
References
- ^ a b "Howlett Line Park Marker". Hmdb.org. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
- ^ a b "Department of Historic Resources". Dhr.virginia.gov. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
- ^ "Chesterfield Heritage Alliance: Civil War". Chesterfieldtourism.org. Retrieved 2012-10-01.
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