Hryhorii Epik
Hryhorii Epik Григорій Данилович Епік | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | January 17, 1901 Kamianske, Yekaterinoslav Governorate, Russian Empire (now Ukraine) |
| Died | November 3, 1937 Sandarmokh, Karelian ASSR, Soviet Union |
| Occupation | Writer, journalist |
| Nationality | Ukrainian |
Hryhorii Danylovych Epik (Ukrainian: Григорій Данилович Епік) (January 17, 1901 – November 3, 1937) was a Ukrainian writer and journalist. He supported the Soviet Ukrainization during the 1920s which probably led to his arrest and execution during the Great Purge in the 1930s.
Early life
After studies at the rural school in a big village of Kamianske (pop. ~20,000), Yekaterinoslav Governorate, he started to work at a railway workshop office. He was fired from his job in 1918 after he had taken part in anti-Hetmanate actions. In 1919, he joined the staff of the first volunteer Moscow regiment and took part in revolutionary events. In early 1920, he joined the Bolshevik party and the Revolutionary committee in Kamianske. He later moved to Poltava where he worked as a political instructor, secretary and chairman of a regional board. During the period of 1922–1924, Epik worked within the regional board of the Ukrainian branch of Komsomol and during 1924–1925, as an editor of Chervonyi shliakh (Red Road) in Kharkiv.[1]
From 1925 to 1929, he studied in the department of Ukrainian history at the Kharkiv Institute of Red Professors. After graduating from there, he became the director of the Derzhlitvydav publishing house (State Publishing House).[2]
Writings
Epik's writings started to appear in print in 1923. He was a member of several Ukrainian literary organizations such as Pluh, Prolitfront and VAPLITE (Free Academy of Proletarian Literature).[2] These organizations gathered many young members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia that in the 1930s suffered severely during the Great Purge.[3]
In Epik's prose from the 1920s he sharply criticized different aspect of the Soviet regime, particularly in Bez gruntu from 1928. His last novels from the 1930s, however, were written in the Stalinist spirit.[2]
During the late 1920s, Epik also was a screen writer for the growing Ukrainian film industry.[4]
Repression and death
Even though Epik had continued to support the Communist Party also after the abrupt reversion of the Soviet Ukrainization in the early 1930s he suffered from the purges. He was arrested on December 5, 1934, accused of being a Ukrainian nationalist and a member of a secret terrorist organization. In early 1935, he was sentenced to ten years of forced labour and sent to Solovki prison camp.[1][5]
While in the Solovki prison camp, he continued to write and he even sent one of his works, called Solovki stories, to NKVD in Moscow. Later, he was disappointed and stopped writing.[1]
Epik was executed on November 3, 1937 in a locality named Sandarmokh near Medvezhyegorsk in Karelian ASSR, together with 289 other members of the Ukrainian intelligentsia such as Mykola Kulish, Valerian Pidmohylnyi, Yulian Shpol, Valerian Polishuk, Les Kurbas, Myroslav Irchan, Mykola Zerov.[6][7]
Epik was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956 by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR.[1]
Bibliography
Short stories
- 1926 – Na zlomi (At the Break Point)
- 1928 – V snihakh (Amid the Snows)
- 1929 – Obloha (The Siege)
- 1930 – Tom satyry (A Volume of Satire)
Novels
- 1928 – Bez gruntu (Without Ground)
- 1929 – Zustrich (The meeting)
- 1930 – Nepiia (NEPia)
- 1931 – Persha vesna (The First Spring)
- 1932 – Petro Romen
References
- ^ a b c d Biblioteka Ukraïnskoï Literatury
- ^ a b c Kubijovyč, Volodymyr (ed) (1984). Encyclopedia of Ukraine, vol 1. University of Toronto Press. p. 834. ISBN 0-8020-3362-8.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ Kubijovyč, Volodymyr (ed) (1963). Ukraine. A Concise Encyclopædia, vol 1. University of Toronto Press. p. 1049.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ Kubijovyč, Volodymyr (ed) (1971). Ukraine. A Concise Encyclopædia, vol 2. University of Toronto Press. p. 662. ISBN 0-8020-3261-3.
{{cite book}}:|first=has generic name (help) - ^ The Trident, vol 2. Organization for the Rebirth of Ukraine. 1941. p. 41.
- ^ Pshenychny, Yurii (2008-11-18). "Bullet No. 188. Valerian Pidmohylny's last journey". Den. Retrieved 2009-01-15.
- ^ Ovsiienko, Vasyl (2007-11-06). "Transport of death. To the 70th anniversary of the Solovky executions". Den. Retrieved 2009-01-15.