Hydrosphere: Difference between revisions
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[[Image:Water cycle.png|right|thumb|300px|The movement of water around, over, and through the Earth is called the '''water cycle''', a key process of the hydrosphere.]] |
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A '''hydrosphere''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] ὕδωρ - ''hydor'', "water" and σφαῖρα - ''sphaira'', "sphere") in [[physical geography]] describes the combined mass of [[water]] found on, under, and over the surface of a [[planet]]. |
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The total mass of the [[Earth]]'s hydrosphere is about 1.4 × 10<sup>18</sup> [[tonnes]], which is about 0.023% of the Earth's total mass. About 20 × 10<sup>12</sup> [[tonnes]] of this is in the [[Earth's atmosphere]] (the volume of one tonne of water is approximately 1 cubic metre). Approximately 75% of the Earth's [[surface]], an area of some 361 million square kilometres (139.5 million square miles), is covered by [[ocean]]. The average [[salinity]] of the Earth's oceans is about 35 grams of [[salt]] per kilogram of sea water (3.5%) <ref>{{cite book |
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| first=Michael J. | last=Kennish | year=2001 |
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| title=Practical handbook of marine science |
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| page=35 | edition=3rd | publisher=CRC Press |
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| series=Marine science series | isbn=0849323916 }}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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* [[Biosphere]] |
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* [[Cryosphere]] |
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* [[Earth's atmosphere]] |
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* [[Lithosphere]] |
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* [[Ocean]] |
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* [[Pedosphere]] |
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* [[Table of global climate system components]] |
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* [[Water cycle]] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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{{Wiktionary}} |
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*[http://capp.water.usgs.gov/GIP/gw_gip/index.html Ground Water - USGS] |
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[[Category:Aquatic ecology]] |
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[[Category:Hydrology]] |
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[[Category:Water]] |
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[[Category:Physical geography]] |
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[[Category:Structure of the Earth]] |
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[[Category:Greek loanwords]] |
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[[af:Hidrosfeer]] |
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[[ar:غلاف مائي]] |
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[[az:Hidrosfer]] |
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[[bn:জলমণ্ডল]] |
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[[be-x-old:Гідрасфэра]] |
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[[br:Hidrosferenn]] |
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[[bg:Хидросфера]] |
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[[ca:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[cs:Hydrosféra]] |
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[[da:Hydrosfære]] |
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[[de:Hydrosphäre]] |
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[[et:Hüdrosfäär]] |
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[[el:Υδρόσφαιρα]] |
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[[es:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[eo:Hidrosfero]] |
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[[eu:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[fr:Hydrosphère]] |
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[[ga:Hidrisféar]] |
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[[gl:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[ko:수권]] |
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[[hi:जलमण्डल]] |
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[[id:Hidrosfer]] |
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[[it:Idrosfera]] |
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[[he:הידרוספירה]] |
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[[ka:ჰიდროსფერო]] |
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[[kk:Гидросфера]] |
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[[ht:Idwosfè]] |
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[[lt:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[mk:Хидросфера]] |
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[[nl:Hydrosfeer]] |
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[[ja:水圏]] |
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[[no:Hydrosfære]] |
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[[nn:Hydrosfære]] |
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[[pl:Hydrosfera]] |
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[[pt:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[ro:Hidrosferă]] |
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[[qu:Yaku pacha]] |
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[[ru:Гидросфера]] |
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[[sq:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[simple:Hydrosphere]] |
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[[sk:Hydrosféra]] |
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[[sl:Hidrosfera]] |
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[[sr:Хидросфера]] |
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[[fi:Vesikehä]] |
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[[sv:Hydrosfären]] |
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[[tt:Гидросфера]] |
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[[tg:Гидросфера]] |
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[[uk:Гідросфера]] |
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[[vi:Thủy quyển]] |
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[[vls:Hydrosfeer]] |
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[[zh:水圈]] |
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