View source for IND Fulton Street Line

{{short description|New York City Subway line}}
{{Other uses|Fulton Street Line (disambiguation){{!}}Fulton Street Line}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2020}}
{{Infobox rail line
|name = IND Fulton Street Line
|image = {{rint|nycs|A|size=50}} {{rint|nycs|C|size=50}} 
|image_width = 150 px
|caption = The IND Fulton Street Line is served by the [[A (New York City Subway service)|A]] and [[C (New York City Subway service)|C]].
|type = [[Rapid transit]]
|system = [[New York City Subway]]
|status =
|locale =
|start = [[Jay Street–MetroTech (IND Fulton Street Line)|Jay Street–MetroTech]]
|end = [[Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard]]
|stations = 22
|routes =
| daily_ridership = 102,615<ref name="ridership">{{NYCS const|riderref|weekday}}</ref>
|open = 1915–1956
|close =
|owner = [[New York City|City of New York]]
|operator = [[New York City Transit Authority]]
|character = Underground (<small>Brooklyn</small>)<br>Elevated (<small>Queens</small>)
|stock       =
|linelength  =
|tracklength =
| tracks = 2-4
|gauge       = {{RailGauge|ussg}}
| electrification = [[Railway electric traction|Direct Current traction]]
|speed       =
|elevation   =
|map         = {{IND Fulton Street Line|inline=1}}
|map_state   = collapsed

}}

The '''IND Fulton Street Line''' is a [[rapid transit]] line of the [[Independent Subway System|IND]] Division of the [[New York City Subway]], running from the [[Cranberry Street Tunnel]] under the [[East River]] through central [[Brooklyn]] to a terminus in [[Ozone Park, Queens]]. The [[IND Rockaway Line]] branches from it just east of [[Rockaway Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Boulevard]]. The [[A (New York City Subway service)|A]] train runs express during daytime hours and local at night on the underground portion of the line; it runs local on the elevated portion of the line at all times. The [[C (New York City Subway service)|C]] train runs local on the underground portion of the line at all times except late nights.

The line runs primarily along [[Fulton Street (Brooklyn)|Fulton Street]], Pitkin Avenue, and [[Liberty Avenue (New York City)|Liberty Avenue]]. The underground portion, which constitutes the majority of the line, was built for the city-owned Independent Subway System (IND), opening between 1936 and 1956. The elevated portion in [[Queens]] was originally part of the [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation]] (BMT)'s [[Fulton Street Line (elevated)|Fulton Street elevated line]]; the Elevated in Brooklyn was closed and demolished in stages with the opening of the subway line.

==Description and service==
The following services use part or all of the IND Fulton Street Line:<ref>{{NYCS const|serviceguide}}</ref>
{|class="wikitable"
!colspan=2|Service
!colspan=3|Between
|-
!width=10|&nbsp;
!Time period
![[Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (New York City Subway)|Hoyt–<br>Schermerhorn Sts]]<br>[[Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Ave]]
!Euclid Ave<br>[[Rockaway Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Boulevard]]
!Rockaway Boulevard<br>[[Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Ozone Park–Lefferts Blvd]]
|-
|rowspan=2|{{rint|newyork|A}}
|All except nights
|express
|colspan=2|local
|-
|Late nights
|colspan=2|local
|shuttle
|-
|rowspan=2|{{rint|newyork|C}}
|All except nights
|local
|colspan=2|no service
|-
|Late nights
|colspan=3|no service
|}

Under [[Fulton Street (Brooklyn)|Fulton Street]], the line is mainly single level, except at [[Nostrand Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Nostrand Avenue]], where the express tracks are on the upper level and the local tracks are on the lower level.<ref name="tracks">{{NYCS const|trackref|trackbook3}}</ref> During the subway line's construction in the late 1930s and early 1940s, the old, now-demolished [[Fulton Street Line (elevated)|BMT Fulton Street Elevated]] (which the IND line replaced) had to be supported.

The stations along Liberty Avenue in Queens, from [[80th Street (IND Fulton Street Line)|80th Street–Hudson Street]] through [[Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard]], as well as the current three-track elevated structure, were built for the elevated Fulton Street Line in 1915 as part of the [[Brooklyn–Manhattan Transit Corporation|BMT]]'s portion of the [[Dual Contracts (New York City Subway)|Dual Contracts]]. This was the only section of the Fulton El that was built specifically to handle steel subway cars, as opposed to lighter wooden elevated cars.<ref name="Sparberg2014"/>

The current service pattern along the line is one of the newest in the New York City Subway system. Prior to December 1988, express service was only provided during rush hours, and before 1999, all trains ran local on weekends and weekday evenings after 9:00 pm. Since May 2, 1999, A trains run express along the line and C trains run local except during late nights, when A trains make all stops.

===Route===
Entering [[Brooklyn]] via the [[Cranberry Street Tunnel]] as a two-track line, the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] travels east on Cranberry Street, then south on Jay Street. It becomes the Fulton Street Line at an interlocking north of [[Jay Street–MetroTech (IND Fulton Street Line)|Jay Street–MetroTech]] while briefly running parallel with the [[IND Culver Line]]. It turns away from the Culver Line onto Schermerhorn Street to the six-track [[Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (IND Fulton Street Line)|Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets]] station, which it shares with the [[IND Crosstown Line|Brooklyn–Queens Crosstown Line]]. The local tracks are unused at Hoyt-Schermerhorn Streets, but connect to the abandoned [[Court Street (IND Fulton Street Line)|Court Street]] station which is now the site of the [[New York City Transit Museum]]. At this point, the line becomes a four-track system until [[Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Avenue]].<ref name="tracks" />

The line continues east under Schermerhorn Street to the intersections of Third Avenue and Flatbush Avenue, across them onto Lafayette Avenue and then finally onto Fulton Street until [[Broadway Junction (IND Fulton Street Line)|Broadway Junction]].<ref name="tracks" />

After Broadway Junction, the line leaves Fulton Street via Truxton Street, crosses Broadway, curves through a corner of the [[East New York Yard]], crosses [[Jamaica Avenue]] and then south on Pennsylvania Avenue. It then turns east onto Pitkin Avenue until Euclid Avenue station. East of Euclid Avenue, there are track connections to [[Pitkin Yard]], and from either the express or local tracks to the two-track line towards [[Grant Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Grant Avenue]] station. The four mainline trackways continue east on Pitkin Avenue, disused, and end at approximately Elderts Lane.<ref name="tracks" /><ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 />

Past Grant Avenue, the line joins the former Fulton Street elevated via a ramp as it enters [[Queens]], swinging somewhat north until it is over Liberty Avenue.<ref name="tracks" /><ref name=NYTimes-INDGrantAv-April1956/><ref name=MTA-Woodhaven-CityLineMap-2015>{{Cite NYCS map|neighborhood|Woodhaven}}</ref> Here, it becomes a three-track line, with the center track coming from Pitkin Yard. Just past [[Rockaway Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Boulevard]], the [[IND Rockaway Line]] branches southward while the Fulton Street Line continues over Liberty Avenue to its terminus at [[Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Lefferts Boulevard]].<ref name="tracks" /><ref name=NYTimes-INDGrantAv-April1956>{{cite web|title=First Leg of Rockaways Transit Opened at Cost of $10,154,702|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/04/30/94293042.pdf|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 29, 2015|date=April 30, 1956}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-INDRkwyOpen-1956>{{cite web|last1=Freeman|first1=Ira Henry|title=Rockaway Trains to Operate Today|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1956/06/28/84703811.pdf|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=June 29, 2015|date=June 28, 1956}}</ref>

==History==

=== Early history ===
The [[Fulton Street (Brooklyn)|Fulton Street]] subway was the city-owned Independent System (IND)'s main line from [[Downtown Brooklyn]] to southern Queens.<ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929/> Along with the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]], it was also alternately known as the '''Washington Heights−East New York Line'''.<ref name=BklynEagle-INDEuclidOpen-1948 /> The subway was built to replace the elevated [[Fulton Street Line (elevated)|Fulton Street Elevated]], which ran above Fulton Street from Boerum Place to Van Sinderen Avenue, south along Van Sinderen Avenue to Pitkin Avenue, down Pitkin Avenue to Euclid Avenue, and up Euclid Avenue, where it turned east on Liberty Avenue. As in Manhattan, the older elevated tracks were seen as depressing real estate values. The subway was designed to follow the elevated line as close as possible. It was routed along Schermerhorn Street due to the presence of the IRT subway already below Fulton Street in downtown Brooklyn and along Pennsylvania Avenue in East New York so that wider curves could be built, allowing faster speeds. The local tracks were always designed to terminate in downtown Brooklyn as local elevated trains would terminate at the [[Sands Street station]]. The groundbreaking for the line was held on April 16, 1929, at Fulton Street and Arlington Place, near the future [[Nostrand Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Nostrand Avenue]] station.<ref name="BklynEagle-INDFultonGbk-Ap1929">{{cite news|title=New Fulton Street Subway Officially Started as Byrne Turns Earth; Ground is Broken For Subway Line Along Fulton St.; Byrne Turns First Spade of Arlington Pl. Earth as Merchants Applaud.|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/59879473/?terms=%22Crosstown%22%2B%22subway%22%2B%22schermerhorn%22|access-date=August 28, 2016|work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=April 17, 1929|page=4}}</ref> The line was opened from Jay Street to [[Rockaway Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Avenue]] on April 9, 1936, including the stub terminal at [[New York Transit Museum#Historic use as station|Court Street]].<ref name=Rutgers>{{cite news |title=Two Subway Links Start Wednesday |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/06/archives/two-subway-links-start-wednesday-city-will-begin-operating-fulton.html |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=April 6, 1936 |page=23 |access-date=October 7, 2011}}</ref><ref name=nyt19360409>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/04/09/archives/new-subway-link-opened-by-mayor-he-tells-15000-in-brooklyn-it-will.html|title=New Subway Link Opened By Mayor; He Tells 15,000 in Brooklyn It Will Be Extended to Queens When Red Tape Is Cut.|date=April 9, 1936|newspaper=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=August 15, 2016}}</ref>

To allow the subway line to be built, the following streets were widened from {{Convert|60|to|80|feet|meters}}: Jay Street between Nassau Street to Fulton Street, Smith Street between Fulton Street and Atlantic Avenue, and Schermerhorn Street between Smith Street and Nevins Street. The land acquired to widen the streets was valued at $1.75 million.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1932/01/28/archives/transit-board-land-ceded-to-boroughs-new-street-areas-valued-at.html|title=Transit Board Land Ceded To Boroughs; New Street Areas, Valued at $10,000,000, Are in Manhattan, Brooklyn and the Bronx. Acquired In Condemnation Widening of Thoroughfares for Subways Also Has Increased Real Estate Values.|date=January 28, 1932|work=The New York Times|access-date=June 28, 2018|language=en}}</ref>

=== Late 1930s and 1940s ===
Further construction was delayed by funding problems due to the [[Great Depression in the United States|Great Depression]] in the 1930s.<ref name="Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013" /> This was temporarily solved by federal [[Works Progress Administration]] funding starting in 1936. The portion continuing from east of Rockaway Avenue along Pennsylvania and Pitkin Avenues to Crystal Street began construction in 1938.<ref name="BklynEagle-INDEuclidOpen-1948" /><ref name="ERA-INDFulton-Feb2006" /> The next portion east from Crystal Street to around Grant Avenue, including the [[Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Avenue]] terminal and the [[Pitkin Yard]], began construction in 1940.<ref name="ERA-INDFulton-Feb2006">{{cite journal|last1=Linder|first1=Bernard|title=Fulton Street Subway|journal=New York Division Bulletin|date=February 2006|volume=49|issue=2|page=2|url=https://issuu.com/erausa/docs/2006-02-bulletin/2|access-date=August 27, 2016|publisher=Electric Railroader's Association}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Subway Contract Given to Boro Firm|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52683485/?terms=%22fulton%22%2B%22crystal%22%2B%22Grant%22%2B%22independent%2Bsubway%22|access-date=August 27, 2016|work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=September 12, 1940|page=2}}</ref> The progress lasted only a few years, as all work on the last portions in Brooklyn was stopped by December 1942 shortly after the United States entered [[World War II]], with [[Broadway Junction (New York City Subway)|Broadway−East New York]] complete but not in operation due to lack of signal equipment, and the remaining stations to Euclid Avenue as unfinished shells.<ref name="Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013" /><ref name="BklynEagle-INDEuclidOpen-1948">{{cite web|title=Trains Roll on $47,000,000 Fulton St. Subway Extension|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52882609/?terms=euclid%2Bpitkin%2Bsubway|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|newspaper=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|access-date=October 9, 2015|page=2|date=November 29, 1948}}</ref><ref name="ERA-INDFulton-Feb2006" /><ref name="BklynEagle-INDFultonCulver-ShortageSnarl-1946">{{cite web|last1=Blauvelt|first1=Paul|title=Shortages Snarl $50,000,000 Tube Links|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/57726129/?terms=euclid%2Bpitkin%2Bsubway|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|newspaper=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|access-date=October 9, 2015|page=21|date=June 9, 1946}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=w8cDPQAACAAJ|title=Building the Independent Subway|last=Kramer|first=Frederick A.|date=1990|publisher=Quadrant Press|isbn=9780915276509|language=en}}</ref>

The Court Street station was closed on June 1, 1946, due to low ridership and because of its close proximity to the [[Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets (New York City Subway)|Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets]] station.<ref name=BklynEagle-INDFultonCulver-ShortageSnarl-1946/><ref>{{cite web|last1=Foley|first1=A.J.|title=Sign for the Closing of the Court Street Station, 1946; IND Crosstown Line|url=http://nytm.pastperfectonline.com/photo/FEEA4845-FA89-4ECE-8687-291879981450|publisher=New York Transit Museum|access-date=August 28, 2016|date=1946}}</ref> After World War II ended, workers and materials became available for public use again. The badly needed extension to the more efficient terminal at Broadway−[[East New York]] (the current [[Broadway Junction (New York City Subway)|Broadway Junction]] station) opened on December 30, 1946.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 /><ref name="BOT-1949" />

The extension of the Fulton Street Line, the completion of which had been delayed due to war priorities, was finished by funds obtained by Mayor [[William O'Dwyer]] and was placed in operation on November 28, 1948, running along Pennsylvania Avenue and Pitkin Avenue to [[Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Avenue]] near the Queens border. Forty additional [[R10 (New York City Subway car)|R10]] cars were placed into service for the extension. The cost of the extension was about $46.5 million. It included the construction of the new [[Pitkin Yard|Pitkin Avenue Storage Yard]], which could accommodate 585 subway cars on 40 storage tracks.<ref name="Sparberg2014" /><ref name="Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013" /><ref name="BklynEagle-INDEuclidOpen-1948" /><ref name="BOT-1949">{{Cite book|title=Report for the three and one-half years ending June 30, 1949.|publisher=New York City Board of Transportation|date=1949|hdl = 2027/mdp.39015023094926}}</ref><ref name=BklynEagle-INDEuclidOpen2-1948>{{cite web|title=Fulton Subway Stations Open After All-Night 'Dry Runs'|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52881207/?terms=euclid%2Bpitkin%2Bsubway|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|newspaper=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|access-date=October 9, 2015|date=November 28, 1948|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161028091529/https://www.newspapers.com/image/52881207/?terms=euclid%2Bpitkin%2Bsubway|archive-date=October 28, 2016}}</ref> Because these stations were completed later than the rest of the line, they received different design features than other IND stations, including different wall tiles and [[fluorescent lighting]].<ref name="Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013" /><ref name="BklynEagle-INDEuclidOpen-1948" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Last Word in Subways and Cars for Boro|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52879214/?terms=euclid%2Bpitkin%2Bsubway|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|newspaper=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|access-date=October 9, 2015|page=8|date=November 23, 1948}}</ref>

The Fulton Street express tracks were not used in regular service until October 24, 1949. A trains began running express during rush hours to [[Broadway – East New York (IND Fulton Street Line)|Broadway–East New York]], with {{NYCS|E}} trains extended to provide local service.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/10/20/96476347.pdf|title=IND Faster Service Will Start Sunday|date=October 20, 1949|newspaper=New York Times|access-date=February 20, 2016}}</ref> The express reduced travel time by five minutes.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25048632/the_brooklyn_daily_eagle/|title=Improving Subway Service|date=October 1, 1949|work=New York Daily News|access-date=November 5, 2018}}</ref>

=== 1950s to 1990s ===
In 1953, the platforms were lengthened at [[Ralph Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Ralph Avenue]] and [[Broadway Junction (New York City Subway)|Broadway–East New York]] to {{Convert|660|feet|meters}} to allow E trains to run eleven car trains. The {{NYCS|E}} began running eleven car trains during rush hours on September 8, 1953. The extra train car increased the total carrying capacity by 4,000 passengers. The lengthening project cost $400,000.<ref>{{Cite news|url = https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1953/08/28/83735052.pdf|title = 2 Subway Lines to Add Cars, Another to Speed Up Service|last = Ingalls|first = Leonard|date = August 28, 1953|access-date = January 25, 2016|newspaper = New York Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Bennett|first1=Charles G.|title=Transit Platforms on Lines in Queens to be Lengthened|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1949/11/20/84286715.pdf|access-date=July 16, 2016|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=November 20, 1949}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Noonan|first1=Dan|title=Transit Board to Add 1 Car to Fulton St. IND Trains: 11-Car Units Will East Rush Hour Jam in Boro|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/53773872/?terms=%22transit%2Bboard%2Bto%2Badd%2B1%2Bcar%22%2Bbroadway%2B%22east%2Bnew%2Byork%22|access-date=July 16, 2016|work=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|date=March 6, 1951|page=5}}</ref>

In late 1952, the [[New York City Board of Transportation|Board of Transportation]] began construction on a connection between the IND and both the Fulton El and the [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] of the [[Long Island Rail Road]], which included a new underground station at [[Grant Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Grant Avenue]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Cashmore Hails Slum Clearance in Downtown Section|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%25205%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201952%2520Grayscale%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201952%2520Grayscale%2520-%25206878.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2Feb9c289b906cc9a51b4c6a958b1a2fbb#page=1|access-date=August 15, 2016|work=[[Brooklyn Eagle]]|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=October 16, 1952|page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Noonan|first1=Dan|title=Asks Funds for New Boro Criminal Courts Building: Plan To Construct It at Smith and Atlantic|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%25205%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201954%2520Grayscale%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Eagle%25201954%2520%2520Grayscale%2520-%25206680.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F5476afd82c65dbb3a4a085c22d099145#page=1|access-date=August 15, 2016|work=[[Brooklyn Eagle]]|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=August 13, 1954}}</ref><ref name="Rockawave-BroadChannel-7Million-1954-pg1">{{cite news|title=$7,000,000 Signal Job To Be Let In February: City Approves $1,000,000 Contracts For Station And Sub-Station in Broad Channel And For The Rehabilitation Of The Liberty Avenue Line|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201954%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201954%2520-%25200742.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2Ffb35b013cf2975e2850cb8ac20153de4#page=1|access-date=July 22, 2016|work=[[Wave of Long Island]]|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=December 23, 1954|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Rockawave-BroadChannel-7Million-1954-pg7">{{cite news|title=$7,000,000 Signal Job To Be Let In February: City Approves $1,000,000 Contracts For Station And Sub-Station in Broad Channel And For The Rehabilitation Of The Liberty Avenue Line|url=http://fultonhistory.com/Newspapers%2021/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201954/Rockaway%20Beach%20NY%20%20Wave%20Of%20Long%20Island%20%201954%20-%200748.pdf|access-date=July 22, 2016|work=[[Wave of Long Island]]|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=December 23, 1954|page=7}}</ref> The connection from the 80th Street elevated station to the rest of the BMT Fulton Elevated was severed on April 26, 1956, and the IND was extended east (track direction south) from [[Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Avenue]] via the intermediate station at Grant Avenue, and a connecting ramp (known as the Grant Avenue ramp).<ref name="Sparberg2014">{{cite book|last=Sparberg|first=Andrew J.|title=From a Nickel to a Token: The Journey from Board of Transportation to MTA|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oktGCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA111|date=October 2014|publisher=Fordham University Press|isbn=978-0-8232-6190-1}}</ref><ref name="NYTimes-INDGrantAv-April1956"/><ref>{{cite web|title=Architectural Rendering of Grant Avenue Control Building: IND Fulton Line|url=http://nytm.pastperfectonline.com/photo/3437B42B-E8B9-4BF3-ACDA-506696922615|publisher=[[New York Transit Museum]]|access-date=August 25, 2016|date=August 11, 1954}}</ref> The new service to Lefferts Boulevard began three days later.<ref name="Sparberg2014"/><ref name=NYTimes-INDGrantAv-April1956/><ref name=NYTimes-INDRkwyOpen-1956/><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Fg4KAQAAMAAJ&q=1977|title=A History of the New York City Subway System|last1=Cunningham|first1=Joseph|last2=DeHart|first2=Leonard O.|date=1993|publisher=J. Schmidt, R. Giglio, and K. Lang|language=en}}</ref> On June 28, 1956, the connection to the [[IND Rockaway Line]] east of [[Rockaway Boulevard (IND Fulton Street Line)|Rockaway Boulevard]] was opened.<ref name="Sparberg2014"/><ref name=NYTimes-INDRkwyOpen-1956 /><ref name="Rockawave-INDRkwyOpen-June281956-pg1">{{cite news|title=First Train On Rockaway Line Runs This Afternoon|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201956%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201956%2520-%25200350.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F43c772ea5053ba7a2fe1850240ed52cd#page=1|access-date=August 16, 2016|work=[[Wave of Long Island]]|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=June 28, 1956|page=1}}</ref><ref name="Rockawave-INDRkwyOpen-June281956-pg6">{{cite news|title=First Train On Rockaway Line Runs This Afternoon|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201956%2FRockaway%2520Beach%2520NY%2520%2520Wave%2520Of%2520Long%2520Island%2520%25201956%2520-%25200355.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F6b6ee609a1895c1f89ff0c622e5b3813#page=1|access-date=August 16, 2016|work=[[Wave of Long Island]]|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=June 28, 1956|page=6}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=TA's New Line To Rockaways Begins Today: Fifty Piece Band To Play as Special Train Makes First Run|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FForest%2520Parkway%2520NY%2520Leader%2520Observer%2FForest%2520Parkway%2520NY%2520Leader%2520Observer%25201955-1957%2FForest%2520Parkway%2520NY%2520Leader%2520Observer%25201955-1957%2520-%25200650.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F8150b004ade0565d32aa4d88b21d2892#page=1|access-date=August 16, 2016|work=The Leader-Observer|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=June 28, 1956|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=To Rockaways: Beach Trains In Operation|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/viewer/?file=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201956-1957%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201956-1957%2520-%25200241.pdf&highlightsFile=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhits%2F147cd4c4e78bb11637387bbb8e8e3a06#page=1|access-date=August 16, 2016|work=Greenpoint Weekly Star|agency=[[Fultonhistory.com]]|date=June 29, 1956|page=2}}</ref>

=== 2000s to present ===
The 2015–2019 [[Metropolitan Transportation Authority]] (MTA) Capital Plan called for the Fulton Street Line's [[Clinton–Washington Avenues (IND Fulton Street Line)|Clinton–Washington Avenues]], [[Kingston–Throop Avenues (IND Fulton Street Line)|Kingston–Throop Avenues]], and [[Van Siclen Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Van Siclen Avenue]] stations, along with 30 others, to undergo a complete overhaul as part of the [[Enhanced Station Initiative]]. Updates would include cellular service, Wi-Fi, USB charging stations, interactive service advisories and maps, improved signage, and improved station lighting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gothamist.com/2016/01/08/subway_facelift_shutdown.php|title=MTA Will Completely Close 30 Subway Stations For Months-Long "Revamp"|publisher=Gothamist|access-date=July 18, 2016|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801200338/http://gothamist.com/2016/01/08/subway_facelift_shutdown.php|archive-date=August 1, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.governor.ny.gov/sites/governor.ny.gov/files/atoms/files/MTAStations.pdf|title=MTAStations|website=governor.ny.gov|publisher=Government of the State of New York|access-date=July 18, 2016}}</ref> However, in April 2018, it was announced that cost overruns had forced the MTA to reduce the number of subway stations included in the program from 33 stations to 20. The stations to be renovated along the IND Fulton Street Line were among the 13 stations without funding, which will be pushed back to the 2020–2024 Capital Plan.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/mta-runs-low-on-funds-cuts-back-station-upgrade-program-1522747921|title=New York Subway Cuts Back Plans to Renovate Stations|last=Berger|first=Paul|date=April 3, 2018|work=Wall Street Journal|access-date=April 3, 2018|language=en-US|issn=0099-9660}}</ref>

As part of a program to upgrade the [[signaling of the New York City Subway]], the MTA's 2020–2024 Capital Program calls for adding [[communications-based train control]] (CBTC) to several more lines, including the IND Fulton Street Line west of the [[Euclid Avenue station (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Avenue station]].<ref name="Guse 2019">{{cite web |last=Guse |first=Clayton |date=September 16, 2019 |title=MTA Announces $51 Billion Plan to Save the Subway, Treat NYC's Transit Sickness |url=https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/ny-capital-plan-five-year-51-billion-20190916-vv4redne5nfkvjrjtfwxuuckqi-story.html |access-date=September 16, 2019 |website=nydailynews.com}}</ref><ref name="mta.info 2019a">{{Cite web |date=September 2019 |title=MTA Capital Program 2020–2024 |url=https://new.mta.info/document/10511#page=67 |access-date=March 30, 2022 |website=mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref> The CBTC signaling system would replace the line's existing signal system, which has not been upgraded since the line originally opened in the 1930s and 1940s.<ref name="Duggan q712">{{cite web |last=Duggan |first=Kevin |date=March 29, 2022 |title=MTA Plans Next Batch of Subway Signal Upgrades |url=https://www.amny.com/transit/mta-eyes-next-batch-subway-signal-upgrades/ |access-date=September 26, 2024 |website=amNewYork}}</ref> On November 9, 2022, the MTA put out the request for proposals for the design-build contract to install CBTC on the Fulton Street Line between High Street and Euclid Avenue.<ref>{{Cite web |date=November 9, 2022 |title=Solicitation Title: S48019 Design-Build Services for Communication Based Train Control Fulton Line in Brooklyn |url=https://new.mta.info/document/99396 |access-date=November 9, 2022 |website=mta.info |publisher=Metropolitan Transportation Authority}}</ref> CBTC installation on the rest of the Fulton Street Line from Euclid Avenue to [[Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard station|Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard]] was proposed as part of the MTA's 2025–2029 Capital Program.<ref name="Andres2024">{{cite web |last=Andres |first=Czarinna |date=September 18, 2024 |title=MTA Unveils $68.4 Billion Capital Plan to Modernize NYC Transit – but Funding Questions Amid Congestion Pricing Pause Remain |url=https://www.amny.com/news/mta-revised-capital-plan-2024-congestion-pricing/ |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=amNewYork}}</ref><ref name="Burkett2024">{{cite web |last=Burkett |first=N.J. |date=September 18, 2024 |title=MTA Proposes Five-Year Capital Plan Wish List Including Replacing All Subway Cars |url=https://abc7ny.com/post/mta-proposes-year-capital-plan-wish-list-including-replacing-subway-cars/15321669/ |access-date=September 19, 2024 |website=ABC7 New York}}</ref>

==Second System planned route==
Early in the planning of the subway, the city considered recapturing parts of the [[BMT Jamaica Line]],<ref name=BklynEagle>{{cite web|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/clip/7728515/|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|title=Route of Tri-Boro Loop Subway System|newspaper=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|pages=3|date=April 12, 1927}}</ref> which had been built under the Dual Contracts. This would have created two branches of the Fulton Street Subway east of Broadway Junction. Bellmouths were built into the outer walls of the subway tunnel just east of the Broadway Junction station for a future connection.<ref name="tracks"/>
[[File:Cross Bay Bl Pitkin Av td 15.jpg|thumb|right|The extension of the IND Fulton Street Line would have included a station at [[Cross Bay Boulevard]] in [[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]].]]
The IND Fulton Street Line was supposed to be extended farther east into Queens as part of the [[IND Second System]], via an extension of the Fulton Elevated or a new subway. The line would have gone as far as [[Springfield Boulevard]] in [[Queens Village, Queens|Queens Village]] or 229th Street in [[Cambria Heights, Queens|Cambria Heights]], both near the [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] border. The line would have also had a spur to the [[Rockaway, Queens|Rockaways]].<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013>{{Cite Routes Not Taken}}</ref><ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929>{{cite news|last1=Duffus|first1=R.L.|title=Our Great Subway Network Spreads Wider; New Plans of Board of Transportation Involve the Building of More Than One Hundred Miles of Additional Rapid Transit Routes for New York|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1929/09/22/91938390.pdf|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=August 19, 2015|date=September 22, 1929}}</ref><ref name="WheelsDroveNY-2012">{{cite book|author1=Roger P. Roess|author2=Gene Sansone|title=The Wheels That Drove New York: A History of the New York City Transit System|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qfZ0VxuLoc0C&pg=PA416|date=August 23, 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-3-642-30484-2|pages=416–417}}</ref><ref name=IND2ndSystem1929Map>[[:File:1929 IND Second System.jpg|Board of Transportation of the City of New York Engineering Department, Proposed Additional Rapid Transit Lines And Proposed Vehicular Tunnel]], dated August 23, 1929</ref><ref name=IND2ndSystem1939Map>[[:Image:1939 IND Second System.jpg|Project for Expanded Rapid Transit Facilities, New York City Transit System]], dated July 5, 1939</ref>

The 1929 Second System plan suggested recapturing and extending the Fulton elevated along Liberty, Brinkerhoff and Hollis Avenues to Springfield Boulevard, near [[Hempstead Turnpike]], [[Belmont Park]], and the [[Queens Village (LIRR station)|Queens Village LIRR Station]].<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 /><ref name=NYTimes-OurGreatSubway-IND2ndSystem-1929 /><ref name=IND2ndSystem1929Map/> The 1939 plan, meanwhile, proposed extending the subway along Pitkin Avenue to [[Cross Bay Boulevard]] in South Ozone Park, then along [[Linden Boulevard]] to Cambria Heights near the [[Cross Island Parkway]]. A spur would have branched off east of Cross Bay Boulevard, turning south to join with the former [[Rockaway Beach Branch]] of the [[Long Island Rail Road]] (now the [[IND Rockaway Line]]).<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 /><ref name=WheelsDroveNY-2012 /><ref name=IND2ndSystem1939Map/> This extended Fulton Street Line would have also facilitated service from the planned [[Second Avenue Subway]] via a river tunnel from Lower Manhattan to the then-terminal station at [[New York Transit Museum|Court Street]].<ref name=WheelsDroveNY-2012 /><ref name=IND2ndSystem1939Map /><ref name=BklynEagle-BoroSubwayRelief-Dec1946>{{cite web|last1=Jaffe|first1=Alfred|title=Borough Subway Relief Still 2 or 3 Years Off|url=https://www.newspapers.com/image/52906677/?terms=euclid%2Bpitkin%2Bsubway|via=[[Newspapers.com]]|newspaper=[[Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]|access-date=October 9, 2015|pages=1, 5|date=December 6, 1946}}</ref>

In a 1940 plan, which was revised in 1945, the IND Fulton Street Line would connect to the IND Rockaway Line in a similar manner to the 1939 plan, via an extension of the subway under Pitkin Avenue. The line, east of Euclid Avenue, would be 4 tracks, with local stations at [[76th Street (IND Fulton Street Line)|76th Street]] and 84th Street, and an express station at [[Cross Bay Boulevard]]. At Cross Bay Boulevard, a [[flying junction]] would let the local tracks cross over to the inside and the express tracks cross over to the outside. The layout would be similar to that of Manhattan's [[168th Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|168th Street]] station. East of Cross Bay Boulevard, another flying junction would bring a two-track branch over the line to a pair of portals north of [[Aqueduct–North Conduit Avenue (IND Rockaway Line)|Aqueduct–North Conduit Avenue]] station. Meanwhile, the Fulton Street Line's four tracks would merge into two tracks, and end at 105th Street (today's [[Aqueduct Racetrack]]), where a [[scissors crossover]] would be present just west of the station. Crossovers would also be located between the local and express pair of tracks east of 76th Street, and between the two express tracks east of Cross Bay Boulevard.<ref>[http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HDTTMT-jAHs/T5_WEPEViiI/AAAAAAAAAMw/F9yGC2LHtD8/s1600/76st_b.jpg Track diagram of the revised plan]</ref>

Currently the line ends at Lefferts Boulevard in [[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]] (the former end of the Fulton El), and only the Rockaway extension was completed.<ref name=NYTimes-INDGrantAv-April1956 /><ref name="NYTimes-INDRkwyOpen-1956"/> The mainline tracks that go past the [[Euclid Avenue (IND Fulton Street Line)|Euclid Avenue]] station were to be part of a 4-track line to Cambria Heights.<ref name=Raskin-RoutesNotTaken-2013 />

==Station listing==
{{NYCS service legend
| alltimes        = show
| allexceptrush   =
| allexceptnights = show
| nightsonly      = show
| nightsweekends  =
| weekdaysonly    =
| rushonly        =
| rushpeak        = show
| close =
| custom_icon_1   =
| custom_text_1   =
| custom_icon_2   =
| custom_text_2   =
}}
{| class="wikitable"
!Neighborhood <br> (approximate)
!{{Access icon}}
!Station
!Tracks
!Services
!Opened
!Transfers and notes
|-
| align=center colspan=7 | '''[[Brooklyn]]'''
|-
!colspan=7 style="background-color: silver;"|Begins as a continuation of the [[IND Eighth Avenue Line]] express tracks ({{NYCS Eighth Cranberry|time=show}});<br>with connecting tracks to the [[IND Sixth Avenue Line]] local tracks ({{NYCS none}})
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Downtown Brooklyn]]
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Jay Street–MetroTech|Fulton}}
|express
|{{NYCS Fulton|time=show}}
|February 1, 1933
|[[IND Culver Line]] ({{NYCS Sixth Rutgers|time=show}})<br>[[BMT Fourth Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Montague|time=show}})
|-
!colspan=6 style="background-color: silver;"|Local tracks begin
|-
|bgcolor=bfbfbf|{{Access icon}}
|bgcolor=bfbfbf|{{stl|NYCS|Court Street|Fulton}}
|local
|
|April 9, 1936
|Closed 1946, reopened 1976 as the [[New York Transit Museum]]
|-
!colspan=6 style="background-color: silver;"|Local tracks continue east from {{stl|NYCS|Court Street|Fulton}}; Express tracks continue south then east from {{stl|NYCS|Jay Street–MetroTech|Fulton}}
|-
| align=center | [[File:Aiga elevator.svg|20px|alt=Elevator access to mezzanine only]]
|{{stl|NYCS|Hoyt–Schermerhorn Streets}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|[[IND Crosstown Line]] ({{NYCS Crosstown|time=show}})<br>Local tracks, and platforms between local and express tracks, unused
|-
|rowspan=1|[[Fort Greene, Brooklyn|Fort Greene]]
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Lafayette Avenue}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|
|-
|rowspan=1|[[Clinton Hill, Brooklyn|Clinton Hill]]
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Clinton–Washington Avenues|Fulton}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|
|-
|rowspan=6|[[Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn|Bedford–Stuyvesant]]
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Franklin Avenue|Fulton}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|[[BMT Franklin Avenue Line]] ({{NYCS Franklin|time=show}})
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Nostrand Avenue|Fulton}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|local tracks on lower level, express tracks on upper level<br>[[B44 SBS (New York City bus)|B44 Select Bus Service]]
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Kingston–Throop Avenues}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|
|-
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Utica Avenue}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
| [[B46 SBS (New York City bus)|B46 Select Bus Service]]
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Ralph Avenue}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Rockaway Avenue|Fulton}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|April 9, 1936
|
|-
|rowspan=5|[[East New York, Brooklyn|East New York]]
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Broadway Junction|Fulton}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton|time=show}}
|December 30, 1946
|[[BMT Canarsie Line]] ({{NYCS Canarsie|time=show}})<br>[[BMT Jamaica Line]] ({{NYCS Jamaica center|time=show}})<br>originally Broadway-East New York
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Liberty Avenue}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|November 28, 1948
|
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Van Siclen Avenue|Fulton}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|November 28, 1948
|
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Shepherd Avenue}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton local|time=show}}
|November 28, 1948
|
|-
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Euclid Avenue}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton|time=show}}
|November 28, 1948
|
|-
!colspan=7 style="background-color: silver;"|Connecting tracks to [[Pitkin Yard]] and {{stl|NYCS|Grant Avenue|Fulton}} spurs; mainline tracks dead-end
|-
|rowspan=1|[[City Line, Brooklyn|City Line]]
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Grant Avenue|Fulton}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton east|time=show}}
|April 29, 1956
|
|-
| align=center colspan=7 | '''[[Queens]]'''
|-
!colspan=7 style="background-color: silver;"|Single express track begins from [[Pitkin Yard]] ({{NYCS none}})
|-
|rowspan=5|[[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]]
|
|{{stl|NYCS|80th Street}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton east local|time=show}}
|September 25, 1915<ref name=lefferts_ext>{{cite news|title=New Elevated Line Opened for Queens|newspaper=The New York Times|date=September 26, 1915|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1915/09/26/101569347.pdf|access-date=September 28, 2007}}</ref>
|
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|88th Street}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton east local|time=show}}
|September 25, 1915<ref name=lefferts_ext/>
|
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|Rockaway Boulevard}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton east local|time=show}}
|September 25, 1915<ref name=lefferts_ext/>
| [[Woodhaven and Cross Bay Boulevards buses|Q52/Q53 Select Bus Service]]
|-
!colspan=6 style="background-color: silver;"|[[IND Rockaway Line]] splits ({{NYCS Rockaway north|time=show}})
|-
|
|{{stl|NYCS|104th Street|Fulton}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton far east local|time=show}}
|September 25, 1915<ref name=lefferts_ext/>
|
|-
|rowspan=2|[[Richmond Hill, Queens|Richmond Hill]]
|
|{{stl|NYCS|111th Street|Fulton}}
|local
|{{NYCS Fulton far east local|time=show}}
|September 25, 1915<ref name=lefferts_ext/>
|
|-
|{{Access icon}}
|{{stl|NYCS|Ozone Park–Lefferts Boulevard}}
|all
|{{NYCS Fulton far east|time=show}}
|September 25, 1915<ref name=lefferts_ext/>
|[[Q10 (New York City bus)|Q10]] bus to [[John F. Kennedy International Airport|JFK Airport]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{attached KML|display=inline,title}}
* {{commons category-inline|IND Fulton Street Line}}
* [http://nytm.pastperfectonline.com/photo/78F65FF5-D18E-42B6-9FE3-307745303810 An architectural drawing of the connection between the Liberty Avenue elevated and the IND Rockaway Line]

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[[Category:1936 establishments in New York City]]
[[Category:Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Independent Subway System|Fulton]]
[[Category:New York City Subway lines|Fulton Street]]
[[Category:Railway lines opened in 1936|Fulton Street]]