View source for Illinois's 1st congressional district

{{Short description|U.S. House district for Illinois}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2013}}
{{Infobox U.S. congressional district
|state = Illinois
|district number = 1
|image name = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|from=Illinois's 1st congressional district (2023–2033).map|frame-latitude=41.45|frame-longitude=-87.9|zoom=8|frame-height=300|frame-width=400|overlay-vertical-alignment=bottom|overlay-horizontal-alignment=right|overlay=
[[File:Illinois's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg|125px]]}}
|image width =
|image caption = Interactive map of district boundaries since January 3, 2023
|representative = [[Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician)|Jonathan Jackson]]
|party = Democratic
|residence = Chicago
|english area = 621.6
|metric area = 1610
|percent urban = 
|percent rural = 
|population = 751,575
|population year =2023
|median income = $67,268<ref name="census.gov">{{cite web |url=https://www.census.gov/mycd/?st=17&cd=01 |title=My Congressional District: Congressional District 1 (118th Congress), Illinois |website=[[United States Census Bureau]]}}</ref>
| percent white = 36.1
| percent hispanic = 9.2
| percent black = 49.7
| percent asian = 2.0
| percent other race = 0.4
| percent more than one race = 2.7
|percent blue collar = 
|percent white collar = 
|percent gray collar = 
|cpvi = D+20<ref name=Cook>{{Cite web|title=2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List|url=https://www.cookpolitical.com/cook-pvi/2022-partisan-voting-index/district-map-and-list|access-date=2023-01-10|website=Cook Political Report|date=July 12, 2022 |language=en}}</ref>
}}

'''Illinois's first congressional district''' is a [[congressional district]] in the U.S. state of [[Illinois]]. Based in [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook County]], the district includes much of the South Side of [[Chicago]] and continues southwest to [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]].

From 2003 to early 2013 it extended into the city's [[Chicago metropolitan area|southwest suburbs]] until reaching the border of [[Will County, Illinois|Will County]], and covered {{convert|97.84|sqmi|km2}}, making it one of the [[List of United States congressional districts by area|40 smallest districts]] in the U.S. (although there are four smaller districts in Illinois). The district had a population that was 65% African American, the highest percentage of any congressional district in the nation, but with redistricting that percentage has now declined to 52%. It includes the home of former [[President of the United States|President]] [[Barack Obama]].

The 1st is a [[majority-minority]] district, and has been since at least the 1920s. In 1929, it became the first district in the 20th century to send an [[African American]] to Congress when [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] [[Oscar Stanton De Priest]] was elected to represent the district.  The 1st has been represented by an African American Member of Congress ever since, the longest ongoing stretch of black representation for any seat in the House of Representatives. It has been held by a [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] since 1935 when [[Arthur W. Mitchell|Arthur Mitchell]], the first African American Democrat elected to Congress, took the seat as part of the [[New Deal Coalition]].  In 1949, district representative [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William Dawson]] became the first African American to chair a congressional committee.

The district is currently represented by [[Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician)|Jonathan Jackson]] who was elected to succeed longtime incumbent [[Bobby Rush]] in 2022.<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 November 2022 |title=Jonathan Jackson keeps 1st congressional seat in Democratic hands following US Rep. Bobby Rush's retirement |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/politics/elections/ct-illinois-congress-1-jackson-carlson-20221109-ualzwysjdjfqvi3p44dlataeb4-story.html |access-date=21 November 2022 |website=[[Chicago Tribune]]}}</ref>

==Historical boundaries==
The district was adjacent to the [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]] to the east and south, the [[Illinois's 7th congressional district|7th district]] to the north, and the [[Illinois's 3rd congressional district|3rd]] and [[Illinois's 13th congressional district|13th districts]] to the west, and also bordered the [[Illinois's 11th congressional district|11th district]] at its southwest corner. The district's northeast border followed [[Lake Michigan]]'s shoreline for almost a mile.

The district was created following the [[1830 United States census|1830 U.S. census]] and came into existence in 1833, five months before Chicago was organized as a town; the state was previously represented in [[United States House of Representatives|the U.S. House of Representatives]] with representative elected on an [[Illinois's At-large congressional district|at-large]] basis. The district included [[Little Egypt (region)|Southwestern Illinois]] until 1853.<ref name=ParsonsI>{{cite book |last=Parsons |first=Stanley B. |author2=William W. Beach |author3=Dan Hermann |title=United States Congressional Districts 1788–1841 |year=1978 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-8371-9828-3 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescong0000pars_q4s3/page/302 302–304] |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescong0000pars_q4s3/page/302 }}</ref><ref name=ParsonsII>{{cite book |last=Parsons |first=Stanley B. |author2=William W. Beach |author3=Michael J. Dubin  |title=United States Congressional Districts and Data, 1843–1883 |url=https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescong0000pars |url-access=registration |year=1986 |publisher=Greenwood Press |location=Westport, CT |isbn=0-313-22045-X |pages=[https://archive.org/details/unitedstatescong0000pars/page/7 7]–8 }}</ref> It included the state's [[Northern Illinois|northern edge]] until 1863.<ref name=ParsonsIII>Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 53–54.</ref> Since that time, the district has included all or part of Cook County; since 1883 the population of the district has been primarily residing on [[Chicago's South Side]]. Historical populations reflected waves of immigration into the area: previous majority populations were ethnic Irish, German, and east European. Beginning in the mid-19th century, the Irish were the first to establish their physical and political control of the area within the city's South Side.

The current 1st district has a [[minority-majority]] population: 51.3% of the residents are [[African American (U.S. Census)|African-American]].<ref name=Barone2014>
  {{cite book
    |last1=Barone |first1=Michael |author-link=Michael Barone (pundit)
    |author-link2=Chuck McCutcheon |first2=Chuck |last2=McCutcheon
    |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2014 |year=2013
    |publisher=[[University of Chicago Press]] |location=[[Chicago]]
    |isbn=978-0-226-10544-4 |page=552}} Copyright [[National Journal]].</ref> <!-- has the highest percentage (65.5) of [[African American (U.S. Census)|African-American]] residents among congressional districts in the nation.{{cn|date=February 2014}} --> It has been represented in Congress by African Americans since 1929. Tens of thousands of African Americans moved to Chicago from the rural South in the [[Great Migration (African American)|Great Migration]]. They were confined by discrimination to the South Side of Chicago and gradually replaced ethnic whites who moved out to suburbs. At one point during the 1980s, more than 90% of the district's residents were black.<ref name=CQ1980s>{{cite book |editor-last=Gottron |editor-first=Martha V.  |title=Congressional Districts in the 1980s |year=1983 |publisher=Congressional Quarterly |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-87187-264-1 |page=156 }}</ref>

While successive redistrictings have given the district a larger percentage of white voters, it is still one of the most reliably Democratic districts in the country; with a [[Cook Partisan Voting Index]] of D+28, it is the fourth most Democratic district of the eight that divide Chicago. The district has not sent a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] to the U.S. House of Representatives since [[United States House elections, 1934|1935]]. After the [[civil rights movement]] gained support from national Democratic Party for major legislation to restore constitutional rights, including the franchise in the South, most African Americans shifted to support the Democratic Party. Democratic congressional candidates routinely receive over 80% of the vote here. The Democratic trend runs right through to the national level; since the 1950s, Democratic presidential candidates have usually carry the district with well over 70 percent of the vote, and have done no worse than 64 percent/

===Geography===
Based in Chicago, the district includes the neighborhoods of [[Auburn Gresham, Chicago|Auburn Gresham]], [[Burnside, Chicago|Burnside]], [[Chatham, Chicago|Chatham]] and [[Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago|Greater Grand Crossing]]; almost all of [[West Englewood, Chicago|West Englewood]]; the portion of [[Englewood, Chicago|Englewood]] south of 57th Street; the portion of [[Woodlawn, Chicago|Woodlawn]] west of [[Stony Island Avenue]] (i.e. excluding [[Jackson Park (Chicago)|Jackson Park]]); the southern half of [[Kenwood, Chicago|Kenwood]] (home of President [[Barack Obama]]); the eastern portion of [[Ashburn, Chicago|Ashburn]]; parts of [[Avalon Park, Chicago|Avalon Park]], [[Calumet Heights, Chicago|Calumet Heights]], [[Chicago Lawn, Chicago|Chicago Lawn]], [[Douglas, Chicago|Douglas]], [[Grand Boulevard, Chicago|Grand Boulevard]], [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]], [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]], [[New City, Chicago|New City]], [[Oakland, Chicago|Oakland]], [[Roseland, Chicago|Roseland]], [[South Shore, Chicago|South Shore]], [[Washington Heights, Chicago|Washington Heights]] and [[Washington Park, Chicago (neighborhood)|Washington Park]]; the portion of [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly]] southeast of 97th Street and Prospect Avenue; the portion of [[West Pullman, Chicago|West Pullman]] southwest of 119th Street and Racine Avenue; and approximately two square blocks at the northwest corner of [[South Chicago, Chicago|South Chicago]].

The district's area south of [[95th Street (Chicago)|95th Street]] is almost entirely west of [[Interstate 57]]. The district includes the municipalities of [[Crestwood, Illinois|Crestwood]], [[Evergreen Park, Illinois|Evergreen Park]], [[Midlothian, Illinois|Midlothian]], [[Posen, Illinois|Posen]] and [[Robbins, Illinois|Robbins]], nearly all of [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]], [[Blue Island, Illinois|Blue Island]] and [[Oak Forest, Illinois|Oak Forest]], parts of [[Calumet Park, Illinois|Calumet Park]], [[Dixmoor, Illinois|Dixmoor]], [[Markham, Illinois|Markham]], [[Orland Hills, Illinois|Orland Hills]], [[Orland Park, Illinois|Orland Park]], [[Palos Heights, Illinois|Palos Heights]], [[Tinley Park, Illinois|Tinley Park]] and [[Worth, Illinois|Worth]], and some small sections of [[Country Club Hills, Illinois|Country Club Hills]] and [[Riverdale, Illinois|Riverdale]].

===Demographics===
In the twentieth century after the Great Migration from the South and concentration of blacks on the South Side due to ''de facto'' residential segregation, the district became the nation's first with a black-majority population. Since the 1920s, it has included the central area of Chicago's South Side African-American community. Over 85% of the district's residents were black during the period from the 1950s through the 1980s, but redistricting since that time – which redrew the district lines with the goal of maintaining three Chicago districts with black populations exceeding 60% – has reduced the percentage of black residents in the district to 70% in the 1990s. The current figure is 65%. Outward migration has caused the South Side's population to decrease over the years, and the district was expanded geographically to the southwest to gain residents, particularly as the state's congressional delegation has been reduced in numbers due to population changes and reapportionment. The district, which covered only nine square miles in the 1950s, is now more than ten times that size. Nearly half its current area was added for the 2000s.

The district's population dropped by 27% in the 1950s,<ref>{{cite book |title=Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 87th Congress |year=1961 |publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census |location=Washington, D.C. |page=16 }}</ref> and by 20% in both the 1970s and 1980s, due to outward migration for suburbanization and because of people leaving the area due to loss of jobs.<ref name=CQ1980s/><ref>{{cite book |title=Congressional Districts in the 1990s: A Portrait of America |year=1993 |publisher=Congressional Quarterly |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-87187-722-8 |page=[https://archive.org/details/congressionaldis0000unse_i0y7/page/235 235] |url=https://archive.org/details/congressionaldis0000unse_i0y7/page/235 }}</ref> In redistricting after the [[1990 United States census|1990 U.S. census]], the district was extended into the suburbs for the first time in 90 years. Chicago is home to 70% of the district's residents (down from 90% in the 1990s),<ref>{{cite book |editor-last=Tarr |editor-first=David R.  |title=Congressional Districts in the 2000s: A Portrait of America |year=2003 |publisher=CQ Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1-56802-849-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/congressionaldis0000unse_b6v5/page/296 296] |url=https://archive.org/details/congressionaldis0000unse_b6v5/page/296 }}</ref> although roughly 60% of the district's area is outside the city border. The district's white population (almost 30% of its residents) is concentrated in the suburban areas and in a few Chicago neighborhoods such as Hyde Park.<ref>See [http://fastfacts.census.gov/servlet/CWSThematicMapFramesetServlet?_bm=y&-oldGeo=50000US1701&-_MapEvent=displayBy&-tm_name=DEC_2000_110H_M00265&-ds_name=DEC_2000_110H&-ActiveGeoDiv=&-back=/servlet/CWSFacts%3F_event%3DChangeGeoContext%26geo_id%3D50000US1701%26_geoContext%3D01000US%257C04000US17%257C50000US1711%26_street%3D%26_county%3D%26_cd%3D50000US1701%26_cityTown%3D%26_state%3D04000US17%26_zip%3D%26_lang%3Den%26_sse%3Don%26ActiveGeoDiv%3D%26_useEV%3D%26pctxt%3Dfph%26pgsl%3D500%26_content%3D%26_keyword%3D%26_industry%3D&-pgsl=500&-redoLog=false&-geo_id=50000US1701&-_dBy=511&-pctxt=fph U.S. Census Bureau map] showing distribution of district's white population.</ref> The district's largest white ethnic groups are [[Irish American|Irish]] (7.1%), [[German American|German]] (6.2%), [[Polish American|Polish]] (4.5%) and [[Italian American|Italian]] (3.2%),<ref>''Congressional Districts in the 2000s: A Portrait of America'', p. 298.</ref> mirroring the demographics of the neighboring third and thirteenth congressional districts. There are also sizable [[Dutch American|Dutch]], [[Swedish American|Swedish]], [[Czech American|Czech]], [[Palestinian American|Palestinian]], [[Greek American|Greek]] and [[Lithuanian American|Lithuanian]] populations in the area of Oak Forest, Orland Park and Tinley Park, the district's three largest suburbs.

The Kenwood-Hyde Park area for several decades had a significant [[American Jews|Jewish]] community. Existing buildings attest to its history, as the former Kehilath Anshe Ma'ariv temple (its second location) has been the headquarters of [[Jesse Jackson]]'s [[Rainbow/PUSH|Operation PUSH/Rainbow Coalition]] since 1971 [http://ecuip.lib.uchicago.edu/diglib/social/cityofneighborhoods/southlakefront/con_tour_f-g.html]. The area also includes a notable presence of [[African American Muslims|Black Muslims]] and is the home of [[Nation of Islam]] leader [[Louis Farrakhan]] in Kenwood.

As of 2000, 38% of the district's adult residents were married. <!--Needs expansion for other demographic data if this is to be included-->

==Redistricting==
===2011 cycle===
In 2011, following the [[2010 United States census|2010 census]], the state legislature redistricted. It expanded the district to cover parts of [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]] and [[Will County, Illinois|Will]] Counties.  After [[redistricting]], all or parts of [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]], [[Blue Island, Illinois|Blue Island]], [[Calumet Park, Illinois|Calumet Park]], [[Chicago]], [[Country Club Hills, Illinois|Country Club Hills]], [[Crestwood, Illinois|Crestwood]], [[Dixmoor, Illinois|Dixmoor]], [[Elwood, Illinois|Elwood]], [[Evergreen Park, Illinois|Evergreen Park]], [[Frankfort, Illinois|Frankfort]], [[Frankfort Square, Illinois|Frankfort Square]], [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]], [[Manhattan, Illinois|Manhattan]], [[Markham, Illinois|Markham]], [[Merrionette Park, Illinois|Merrionette Park]], [[Midlothian, Illinois|Midlothian]], [[Mokena, Illinois|Mokena]], [[New Lenox, Illinois|New Lenox]], [[Oak Forest, Illinois|Oak Forest]], [[Oak Lawn, Illinois|Oak Lawn]], [[Orland Hills, Illinois|Orland Hills]], [[Orland Park, Illinois|Orland Park]], [[Palos Heights, Illinois|Palos Heights]], [[Posen, Illinois|Posen]], [[Riverdale, Illinois|Riverdale]], [[Robbins, Illinois|Robbins]], [[Tinley Park, Illinois|Tinley Park]], and [[Worth, Illinois|Worth]] are included.<ref>[http://elections.il.gov/Downloads/VotingInformation/PDF/2011Districts/2011CongDist1.pdf Illinois Congressional District 1]{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Illinois Board of Elections</ref> The representative for these districts were elected in the 2012 primary and general elections, and the boundaries became effective on January 3, 2013.

===2021 cycle===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;"
|+Composition 
|-
! #
! County
! Seat
! Population

|-
| 31
| [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]]
| [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]
| 5,087,072

|-
| 91
| [[Kankakee County, Illinois|Kankakee]]
| [[Kankakee, Illinois|Kankakee]]
| 105,940

|-
| 197
| [[Will County, Illinois|Will]]
| [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]]
| 700,728
|}

=== Cities and CDPs with 10,000 or more people ===

* [[Chicago]] – 2,665,039
* [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]] – 150,362
* [[Orland Park, Illinois|Orland Park]] – 58,703
* [[Tinley Park, Illinois|Tinley Park]] –&nbsp;55,971
* [[Oak Forest, Illinois|Oak Forest]] – 27,478
* [[New Lenox, Illinois|New Lenox]] – 27,214
* [[Lockport, Illinois|Lockport]] – 26,094
* [[Homer Glen, Illinois|Homer Glen]] – 24,543
* [[Blue Island, Illinois|Blue Island]] – 22,558
* [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]] – 20,324
* [[Frankfort, Illinois|Frankfort]] – 20,296
* [[Evergreen Park, Illinois|Evergreen Park]] – 19,943
* [[Mokena, Illinois|Mokena]] – 19,887
* [[Matteson, Illinois|Matteson]] – 19,073
* [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]] – 19,063
* [[Bourbonnais, Illinois|Bourbonnais]] – 18,164
* [[Lemont, Illinois|Lemont]] – 17,629
* [[Country Club Hills, Illinois|Country Club Hills]] – 16,775
* [[Bradley, Illinois|Bradley]] – 15,419
* [[Midlothian, Illinois|Midlothian]] – 14,325
* [[Channahon, Illinois|Channahon]] – 13,383
* [[Minooka, Illinois|Minooka]] – 12,758
* [[Markham, Illinois|Markham]] – 11,661
* [[Crestwood, Illinois|Crestwood]] – 10,826
* [[Riverdale, Illinois|Riverdale]] – 10,663

=== 2,500 to 10,000 people ===

* [[Manhattan, Illinois|Manhattan]] – 9,385
* [[Manteno, Illinois|Manteno]] – 9,210
* [[Frankfort Square, Illinois|Frankfort Square]] – 8,968
* [[Calumet Park, Illinois|Calumet Park]] – 7,025
* [[Braidwood, Illinois|Braidwood]] – 6,194
* [[Coal City, Illinois|Coal City]] – 5,705
* [[Wilmington, Illinois|Wilmington]] – 5,664
* [[Posen, Illinois|Posen]] – 5,632
* [[Palos Park, Illinois|Palos Park]] –&nbsp;4,899
* [[Robbins, Illinois|Robbins]] – 4,629
* [[Dixmoor, Illinois|Dixmoor]] – 2,973
* [[Diamond, Illinois|Diamond]] – 2,640

As of the 2020 redistricting, the district will still be centered primarily around the [[Chicago's South Side]], now with a greater portion of [[Will County, Illinois|Will]] County, and a corner of northern [[Kankakee County, Illinois|Kankakee]] County.

The 1st district takes in the [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]] neighborhoods of [[Oakland, Chicago|Oakland]], [[Burnham Park, Chicago|Burnham Park]], [[Auburn Gresham, Chicago|Auburn Gresham]], [[Washington Heights, Chicago|Washington Heights]], [[Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago|Greater Grand Crossing]], [[Chatham, Chicago|Chatham]], and [[Burnside, Chicago|Burnside]]; most of [[Ashburn, Chicago|Ashburn]], [[Roseland, Chicago|Roseland]], and [[Calumet Heights, Chicago|Calumet Heights]]; the west portion of [[Kenwood, Chicago|Kenwood]] and [[Woodlawn, Chicago|Woodlawn]]; and parts of [[South Deering, Chicago|South Deering]], [[Near South Side, Chicago|Near South Side]], [[Douglas, Chicago|Douglas]], [[Chicago Lawn, Chicago|Chicago Lawn]], [[South Shore, Chicago|South Shore]], [[South Chicago, Chicago|South Chicago]], [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]], [[Washington Park (community area), Chicago|Washington Park]], [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]], and [[Mount Greenwood, Chicago|Mt. Greenwood]].

Outside of the Chicago city limits, the district takes in the [[Cook County, Illinois|Cook]] County communities of [[Midlothian, Illinois|Midlothian]], [[Posen, Illinois|Posen]], [[Robbins, Illinois|Robbins]], [[Calumet Park, Illinois|Calumet Park]], and [[Palos Park, Illinois|Palos Park]]; most of [[Blue Island, Illinois|Blue Island]]; the south portion of [[Lemont, Illinois|Lemont]]; the eastern portion of [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]]; the northeastern portion of [[Evergreen Park, Illinois|Evergreen Park]]; the western portion of [[Markham, Illinois|Markham]]; the southeastern portion of [[Tinley Park, Illinois|Tinley Park]]; and parts of [[Oak Forest, Illinois|Oak Forest]], [[Orland Park, Illinois|Orland Park]], [[Crestwood, Illinois|Crestwood]], [[Beverly, Illinois|Beverly]], [[Riverdale, Illinois|Riverdale]], [[Dixmoor, Illinois|Dixmoor]], [[Harvey, Illinois|Harvey]], [[Country Club Hills, Illinois|Country Club Hills]], and [[Matteson, Illinois|Matteson]].

Will County is split between this district, the [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]], and the [[Illinois's 14th congressional district|14th district]]. The 1st and 2nd districts are partitioned by South Harlem Ave, West Peotone Rd, North Peotone Rd, West Kennedy Rd, Rock Creek, and South Center Rd. The 1st and 14th districts are partitioned by West 135th St, High Rd, Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal, Thornton St, East 9th St, Madison St, East 12th St, East Division St, South Farrell Rd, Midewin National Tail Grass Prairie, West Schweizer Rd, Channahon Rd, DuPage River, and Canal Road North. The 1st district takes in the communities of [[Homer Glen, Illinois|Homer Glen]], [[Braidwood, Illinois|Braidwood]], [[Wilmington, Will County, Illinois|Wilmington]], [[Manhattan, Illinois|Manhattan]], [[Frankfort, Illinois|Frankfort]], [[Channahon, Illinois|Channahon]], [[New Lenox, Illinois|New Lenox]], [[Lockport Heights, Illinois|Lockport Heights]], [[Bonnie Brae, Illinois|Bonnie Brae]], [[Mokena, Illinois|Mokena]], [[Arbury Hills, Illinois|Arbury Hills]], [[Frankfort Square, Illinois|Frankfort Square]], [[Wilton Center, Illinois|Wilton Center]], [[Andres, Illinois|Andres]], [[Symerton, Illinois|Symerton]], [[Ritchie, Illinois|Ritchie]], [[Rest Haven, Illinois|Rest Haven]], [[Custer Park, Illinois|Custer Park]], [[Lakewood Shores, Illinois|Lakewood Shores]], [[Lorenzo, Illinois|Lorenzo]]; eastern [[Braceville, Illinois|Braceville]]; eastern [[Godley, Illinois|Godley]]; eastern [[Minooka, Illinois|Minooka]]; western [[Elwood, Illinois|Elwood]]; [[Lockport, Illinois|Lockport]] east of the Chicago Sanitary & Ship Canal; most of [[Braidwood, Illinois|Braidwood]]; part of [[Diamond, Illinois|Diamond]]; part of [[Coal City, Illinois|Coal City]]; and part of [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]].

Kankakee County is split between this district and the [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]]. They are partitioned by North 5000E Rd, East 6000N Rd, Cardinal Drive, Durham St, East Armour Rd, East Marsile St, Bisallion Ave, and the Kankakee River. The 1st district takes in the municipalities of [[Manteno, Illinois|Manteno]], northern [[Bourbonnais, Illinois|Bourbannais]], and part of [[Bradley, Illinois|Bradley]].

==Presidential election results==
:''This table indicates how the district has voted in [[United States presidential election|U.S. presidential elections]]; election results reflect voting in the district as it was configured at the time of the election, not as it is configured today. The candidate who received the most votes in the district is listed first; the candidate who won the election nationally is in CAPS, and the candidate who won the state of Illinois is indicated with a †.''

{| class="wikitable"
! Election
! District winner
! Runner up
! Other candidates

|-
| [[1852 United States presidential election|1852]]<ref name="Moses">Vote totals from 1852 to 1868 are based on cumulative county totals as listed in ''Illinois: Historical and Statistical'' (1892), [[John Moses (Illinois)|John Moses]], Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., pp. 1208–1209.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Whig}}|[[Winfield Scott|Scott]] (W), 6,992 (42%)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Franklin Pierce|PIERCE]]† (D), 6,948 (41%)
| [[John P. Hale|Hale]] ([[Free Soil Party|Free Soil]]), 2,885 (17%)

|-
| [[1856 United States presidential election|1856]]<ref name=Moses/>
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[John C. Frémont|Frémont]] (R), 18,247 (73%)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[James Buchanan|BUCHANAN]]† (D), 5,991 (24%)
| [[Millard Fillmore|Fillmore]] ([[Know Nothing|American]]), 677 (3%)

|-
| [[1860 United States presidential election|1860]]<ref name=Moses/>
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Abraham Lincoln|LINCOLN]]† (R), 21,436 (70%)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Stephen A. Douglas|Douglas]] (D), 8,940 (29%)
| [[John Bell (Tennessee politician)|Bell]] ([[Constitutional Union Party (United States)|Constitutional Union]]), 99 (0.3%); [[John C. Breckinridge|Breckinridge]] (D), 62 (0.2%)

|-
| [[1864 United States presidential election|1864]]<ref name=Moses/>
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Abraham Lincoln|LINCOLN]]† (R), 18,667 (81%)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[George B. McClellan|McClellan]] (D), 4,351 (19%)
|
|-
| [[1868 United States presidential election|1868]]<ref name=Moses/>
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Ulysses S. Grant|GRANT]]† (R), 27,527 (59%)
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Horatio Seymour|Seymour]] (D), 19,104 (41%)
|
|-
| 1872<br />...<br />1948
| colspan=3 | {{dm|date=February 2020}}

|-
| [[1952 United States presidential election|1952]]<ref name=DataBook1961>''Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 87th Congress'', p. 17.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] (D), 99,224 (75%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|EISENHOWER]]† (R), 33,805 (25%)
|
|-
| [[1956 United States presidential election|1956]]<ref name=DataBook1961/>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Adlai Stevenson II|Stevenson]] (D), 68,266 (64%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Dwight D. Eisenhower|EISENHOWER]]† (R), 38,827 (36%)
|
|-
| [[1960 United States presidential election|1960]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 8, 1960 |url=https://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1960election.pdf |publisher=Clerk of the House of Representatives |pages=10{{endash}}12}}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[John F. Kennedy|KENNEDY]]† (D), 75,938 (77.80%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Richard Nixon|Nixon]] (R), 21,660 (22.19%)}
| 
|-
| [[1964 United States presidential election|1964]]<ref>{{cite web |title=Statistics of the Presidential and Congressional Election of November 3, 1964 |url=https://clerk.house.gov/member_info/electionInfo/1964election.pdf |publisher=Clerk of the House of Representatives |pages=12 & 13}}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Lyndon B. Johnson|JOHNSON]]† (D), 150,953 (84.91%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Barry Goldwater|Goldwater]] (R), 26,823 (15.08%)
| 
|-
| [[1968 United States presidential election|1968]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |author3=Douglas Matthews  |title=The Almanac of American Politics |year=1972 |publisher=Gambit |location=Boston |isbn=0-87645-053-2 |page=196 }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Hubert Humphrey|Humphrey]] (D), 138,835 (93%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Richard Nixon|NIXON]]† (R), 10,081 (7%)
| [[George Wallace|Wallace]] ([[American Independent Party|AIP]]), 1,010 (1%)
|-
| [[1972 United States presidential election|1972]]<ref>Barone, et al. (1973), p. 263.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[George McGovern|McGovern]] (D), 145,003 (90%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Richard Nixon|NIXON]]† (R), 16,998 (10%)
|
|-
| [[1976 United States presidential election|1976]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |author3=Douglas Matthews  |title=The Almanac of American Politics 1978 |year=1977 |publisher=[[E. P. Dutton]] |location=New York City |isbn=0-87690-255-7 |page=225 }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Jimmy Carter|CARTER]] (D), 130,882 (90%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Gerald Ford|Ford]]† (R), 13,817 (10%)
|
|-
| [[1980 United States presidential election|1980]]<ref>Barone, et al. (1981), p. 295.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Jimmy Carter|Carter]] (D), 128,426 (91%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Ronald Reagan|REAGAN]]† (R), 6,633 (5%)
| [[John B. Anderson|Anderson]] ([[Independent (politician)|Indep.]]), 3,092 (2%)
|-
| [[1984 United States presidential election|1984]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |title=The Almanac of American Politics 1986 |year=1985 |publisher=National Journal Group |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-89234-032-0 |page=[https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00nati/page/393 393] |url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00nati/page/393 }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Walter Mondale|Mondale]] (D), 196,351 (95%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Ronald Reagan|REAGAN]]† (R), 10,153 (5%)
|
|-
| [[1988 United States presidential election|1988]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |title=The Almanac of American Politics 1990 |year=1989 |publisher=National Journal Group |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-89234-043-6 |page=351 }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Michael Dukakis|Dukakis]] (D), 174,793 (95%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[George H. W. Bush|G. H. W. BUSH]]† (R), 7,168 (4%)
|
|-
| [[1992 United States presidential election|1992]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |title=The Almanac of American Politics 1994 |year=1993 |publisher=National Journal Group |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-89234-057-6 |page=390 }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Clinton|CLINTON]]† (D), 214,104 (81%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[George H. W. Bush|G. H. W. Bush]] (R), 32,803 (12%)
| [[Ross Perot|Perot]] (Indep.), 17,355 (7%)
|-
| [[1996 United States presidential election|1996]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |author3=Richard E. Cohen |title=The Almanac of American Politics 1998 |year=1997 |publisher=National Journal Group |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-89234-081-9 |page=[https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_4/page/475 475] |url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_4/page/475 }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Bill Clinton|CLINTON]]† (D), 179,767 (85%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[Bob Dole|Dole]] (R), 22,914 (11%)
| [[Ross Perot|Perot]] ([[Reform Party of the United States of America|Reform]]), 6,378 (3%)
|-
| [[2000 United States presidential election|2000]]<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Richard E. Cohen |author3=Charles E. Cook Jr |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2002 |url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_3 |url-access=registration |year=2001 |publisher=National Journal Group |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-89234-099-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_3/page/507 507] }}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[Al Gore|Gore]]† (D), 194,432 (87%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[George W. Bush|G. W. BUSH]] (R), 24,276 (11%)
| [[Ralph Nader|Nader]] ([[Green Party (United States)|Green]]), 2,867 (1%)
|-
| [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]]<ref name=Barone2006/>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}}|[[John Kerry|Kerry]]† (D), 234,086 (83%)
| {{Party shading/Republican}}|[[George W. Bush|G. W. BUSH]] (R), 47,533 (17%)
|
|-
| [[2008 United States presidential election|2008]]<ref name=Barone2014/>
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Barack Obama|OBAMA]]† (D) 287,240 (81%)
| {{party shading/Republican}} | [[John McCain|McCain]] (R)   66,840 (19%)
|
|-
| [[2012 United States presidential election|2012]]<ref name=Barone2014/>
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Barack Obama|OBAMA]]† (D) 262,836 (79%)
| {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Mitt Romney|Romney]] (R)          67,557 (20%)
|
|-
| [[2016 United States presidential election|2016]]<ref name=Barone2014/>
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Hillary Clinton|Clinton]]† (D) 262,836 (79%)
| {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Donald Trump|TRUMP]] (R)          67,557 (20%)
|
|-
| [[2020 United States presidential election|2020]]<ref name=Barone2014/>
| {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Joe Biden|BIDEN]]† (D) 246,946 (74%)
| {{party shading/Republican}} | [[Donald Trump|Trump]] (R)          82,594 (25%)
|
|}

==Results from recent statewide elections==
:''This table indicates how the district has voted in recent statewide elections; election results reflect voting in the district as it is currently configured, not necessarily as it was at the time of these elections.

{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Office
! Results

|-
| rowspan=2|2016
| [[2016 United States presidential election|President]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Hillary Clinton]] 71.9% – [[Donald Trump]] 24.0%
|-
| [[2016 United States Senate election in Illinois|Senate]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Tammy Duckworth]] 71.9% – [[Mark Kirk]] 23.5%
|-
| rowspan=3|2018
| [[2018 Illinois gubernatorial election|Governor]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[J. B. Pritzker]] 71.2% – [[Bruce Rauner]] 24.4%
|-
| [[2018 Illinois attorney general election|Attorney General]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Kwame Raoul]] 71.1% – [[Erika Harold]] 26.9%
|-
| [[2018 Illinois Secretary of State election|Secretary of State]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Jesse White (politician)|Jesse White]] 80.1% – Jason Helland 18.0%
|-
| rowspan=2|2020
| [[2020 United States presidential election|President]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Joe Biden]] 70.5% – [[Donald Trump]] 28.1%
|-
| [[2020 United States Senate election in Illinois|Senate]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Dick Durbin]] 61.1% – [[Mark Curran]] 25.2%
|-
| rowspan=4|2022
| [[2022 United States Senate election in Illinois|Senate]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Tammy Duckworth]] 69.5% – [[Kathy Salvi]] 29.2%
|-
| [[2022 Illinois gubernatorial election|Governor]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[J. B. Pritzker]] 67.7% – [[Darren Bailey]] 30.0%
|-
| [[2022 Illinois Attorney General election|Attorney General]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Kwame Raoul]] 68.2% – Tom DeVore 30.1%
|-
| [[2022 Illinois Secretary of State election|Secretary of State]]
| align="right" {{party shading/Democratic}} | [[Alexi Giannoulias]] 68.2% – [[Dan Brady (Illinois politician)|Dan Brady]] 29.9%
|}

==Economy==
The departure of the [[History of the modern steel industry|steel industry]], along with other manufacturing jobs from the South Side in recent decades, has created economic difficulties which the area is still trying to overcome. The district's median household income as of 2000, $37,222, trailed the national average by 11.4%. The unemployment rate (7.6%) was more than double the national rate, and nearly 20% of district residents were living in poverty. These problems are more pronounced within the Chicago portion of the district – 14 of the district's 18 suburbs had median household incomes over $40,000 as of 1999, with the six most affluent grouped in the southwest corner of the district. But black middle-class Chicago neighborhoods, such as Avalon Park and Chatham, have remained more stable, along with the more upscale Hyde Park-Kenwood area. [[Health care in the United States|Health care]] and [[Universities in the United States|higher education]] now constitute major economic sectors in the region.

Hospitals in the district include [[Oak Forest Hospital of Cook County|Oak Forest Hospital]] in Oak Forest and [[Provident Hospital (Chicago)|Provident Hospital of Cook County]] in Grand Boulevard, both part of the [[Cook County Bureau of Health Services]]; as well as the [[University of Chicago Hospitals]] in Hyde Park, [[Little Company of Mary Hospital (Evergreen Park)|Little Company of Mary Hospital]] in Evergreen Park, [[Holy Cross Hospital (Chicago)|Holy Cross Hospital]] in Chicago Lawn, [[SSM Health Care|St. Francis Hospital]] in Blue Island, [[Jackson Park Hospital]] in South Shore and [[St. Bernard Hospital]] in Englewood.

Local educational institutions include the [[University of Chicago]] in Hyde Park, [[Illinois Institute of Technology]] (IIT) in Douglas, [[Trinity Christian College]] in Palos Heights and [[Kennedy-King College]], a [[City Colleges of Chicago|Chicago city college]], in Englewood, and [[Chicago State University]] in Roseland is located directly outside the district at its southern edge; in addition, there are five seminaries in Hyde Park: [[Catholic Theological Union]], [[Chicago Theological Seminary]], [[Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago|Lutheran School of Theology]], [[McCormick Theological Seminary]] and [[Meadville Lombard Theological School]].

[[U.S. Cellular Field]], home of the [[Chicago White Sox]], is less than {{convert|1000|ft|m}} west of the district's northwestern border. Other area cultural and entertainment attractions include the [[DuSable Museum|DuSable Museum of African American History]] in Chicago's [[Washington Park (Chicago park)|Washington Park]], and [[First Midwest Bank Amphitheatre]] in Tinley Park; several square miles of [[Cook County Forest Preserves]] can be found on three sides of Oak Forest, and Oak Forest's Chicago Gaelic Park [http://www.chicagogaelicpark.org/] is home to Irish Fest, held annually on Memorial Day weekend. Business and industrial presences in the district include Panduit Corporation [http://www.panduit.com/], an electrical manufacturer in Tinley Park; Parco Foods [http://www.parcofoods.com/], a cookie manufacturer in Blue Island; and Midwest Suburban Publishing, publisher of the ''[[SouthtownStar]]'', in Tinley Park.

In addition to Washington Park and those sites associated with the University of Chicago and IIT, district locations on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] include:
{|
|
*[[Chicago Beach Hotel]], Hyde Park
*[[Arthur H. Compton House]] National Historic Landmark, Hyde Park
*[[East Park Towers]], Hyde Park
*[[Eighth Regiment Armory (Chicago)|Eighth Regiment Armory]], Douglas
*[[Four Nineteen Building]], Chatham
*[[Garden Homes Historic District (Chicago, Illinois)|Garden Homes Historic District]], Chatham
*[[Grand Crossing Park]], Greater Grand Crossing
*[[Hamilton Park (Chicago)|Hamilton Park]], Englewood
*[[Anton E. Hanson House]], South Shore
*[[Isadore H. Heller House]] National Historic Landmark, Hyde Park
*[[Hotel Windermere East]], Hyde Park
*[[Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District]]
*[[Midway Plaisance|Jackson Park Historic Landscape District and Midway Plaisance]],<br />Hyde Park/Washington Park
*[[Pilgrim Baptist Church|Kehilath Anshe Ma'ariv Synagogue]], Douglas
*[[Frank R. Lillie House]] National Historic Landmark, Hyde Park
*[[Mayfair Apartments]], Hyde Park
|
*[[Robert A. Millikan House]] National Historic Landmark, Hyde Park
*[[The Narragansett (Chicago)|The Narragansett]], Kenwood
*[[Overton Hygienic Building]], Douglas
*[[Poinsettia Apartments]], Hyde Park
*[[Frederick C. Robie House]] National Historic Landmark, Hyde Park
*[[Martin Roche-John Tait House]], Douglas
*[[Robert Roloson Houses]], Douglas
*[[St. Thomas Church and Convent]], Hyde Park
*[[South Park Manor Historic District]], Greater Grand Crossing
*[[Lorado Taft Midway Studios]] National Historic Landmark, Woodlawn
*[[George R. Thorne House]], Midlothian
*[[Unity Hall]], Douglas
*[[Victory Monument (Chicago)|Victory Monument]], Douglas
*[[Karl Vogt Building]], Tinley Park
*[[Ida B. Wells-Barnett House]] National Historic Landmark, Douglas
*[[Yale Apartments|The Yale]], Englewood
*[[Joshua P. Young House]], Blue Island
|}

==Politics==
Democrats routinely dominate politics in the district, with the main focus of competition being the party [[Partisan primary|primary]]. Only twice since 1966 has a Republican candidate for Congress received over 20% of the vote,<ref>Based on general election results beginning in 1968, {{cite book |title=Guide to U.S. Elections |edition=5th |year=2005 |publisher=CQ Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1-56802-981-0 |url=https://archive.org/details/guidetouselectio00cqpr }}</ref> and the Democratic nominee has topped 80% in every [[United States presidential election|presidential race]] during that time. The district's expansion into the suburbs in the 1990s has incorporated a population that has voted Republican more often; Republican support has passed the 10% mark, and [[George W. Bush]] received 17% of the vote here in [[2004 United States presidential election|2004]]. His was the best showing by a Republican presidential candidate in the district in over 40 years.

The district has since the early 1970s elected representatives who dissented from the city's Democratic establishment. [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]], U.S. Representative from 1943 to 1970, maintained the district's loyalty to Mayor [[Richard J. Daley]]. His successor [[Ralph Metcalfe]] initially continued that stance but publicly broke with Daley over an incident of police brutality in 1972, establishing a rift that persists. When Metcalfe died less than one month before the election in [[United States House elections, 1978|1978]], Democratic party officials named loyalist [[Bennett M. Stewart]] to take his place on the ballot, and Republicans replaced their candidate with [[Sammy Rayner|A.A. "Sammy" Rayner]], a former Democratic alderman. Despite the campaign support of Jackson for Rayner, Stewart won the election, although Rayner did get over 40% of the vote.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author-link=Michael Barone (pundit) |author2=Grant Ujifusa |author3=Douglas Matthews |title=[[The Almanac of American Politics]] |year=1973 |publisher=Gambit |location=Boston |isbn=0-87645-077-X |page=262}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Grant Ujifusa |title=The Almanac of American Politics 1982 |year=1981 |publisher=Barone & Co. |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-940702-00-2 |page=294}}</ref>

Stewart served only one term and lost the 1980 Democratic primary to reform candidate [[Harold Washington]]. He left Congress in 1983 upon being elected mayor, after winning a contentious three-way primary with 37% of the vote. His successor in Congress was union organizer [[Charles Hayes (politician)|Charles Hayes]]. Hayes lost the [[United States House elections, 1992|1992]] primary to [[Bobby Rush]] by a 42–39% margin following the [[House banking scandal]], in which it was revealed that Hayes had 716 overdrafts on his congressional checking account.<ref>{{cite book |last=Barone |first=Michael |author2=Richard E. Cohen |author-link2=Richard E. Cohen (National Journal) |title=The Almanac of American Politics 2006 |year=2005 |publisher=[[National Journal|National Journal Group]] |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=0-89234-111-4 |page=[https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_5/page/562 562] |url=https://archive.org/details/almanacofamerica00mich_5/page/562 }}</ref> Rush had previously lost the 1988 and 1990 primaries to Hayes.

[[File:Bobby Rush official portrait (cropped).jpg|thumb|right|150px|Rep. Bobby Rush]]
Rush was a co-founder of the Illinois [[Black Panther Party|Black Panthers]] in 1968, establishing a program for free breakfasts for poor children and a clinic for [[sickle cell anemia]] screenings.<ref name=CQ2002>{{cite book |editor-last=Nutting |editor-first=Brian |editor2=H. Amy Stern |title=Congressional Quarterly's Politics in America 2002 |year=2002 |publisher=Congressional Quarterly |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1-56802-655-2 |page=[https://archive.org/details/politicsinameric0000unse_d1i5/page/308 308] |url=https://archive.org/details/politicsinameric0000unse_d1i5/page/308 }}</ref> He served as a Chicago alderman from 1983 until his election to Congress in 1993, and he was an ally of Mayor Washington in the [[Council Wars]] of the 1980s. While in Congress, Rush consistently voted with the Democratic position over 90% of the time. When he did break from the party, he usually took positions more liberal than other Democrats, rather than taking positions held by Republicans.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/r000515/votes/against-party/ |title=Votes Against Party by Bobby Rush |access-date=2007-06-30 |newspaper=The Washington Post |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629155322/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/congress/members/r000515/votes/against-party/ |archive-date=June 29, 2007 }}</ref> Rush ran against incumbent [[Richard M. Daley]] in the 1999 election for Mayor of Chicago. Despite the support of fellow congressmen [[Jesse Jackson Jr.]] and [[Danny K. Davis|Danny Davis]], he was backed by only three out of 50 aldermen and lost the election by a margin of 72–28%. He had a 55–45% advantage among black voters. In the [[Illinois's 1st congressional district election, 2000|2000 congressional primary]] Rush emerged with a 61–30% win over challenger [[Barack Obama]] resulting in Obama's only electoral defeat.<ref>Barone, et al. (2005), p. 563.</ref> 

In Congress, Rush focused on [[urban renewal|urban revitalization]] issues, and he was a staunch supporter of [[Gun politics in the United States|gun control]] efforts before his adult son Huey (named for Black Panther leader [[Huey Newton]]) was killed in a 1999 [[mugging (robbery)|mugging]]. Following his son's murder, Rush remained a strong supporter of gun control.<ref name=CQ2002 /> During his congressional tenure, Rush generally received perfect ratings of 100 from labor groups including the [[AFL-CIO]] and [[American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees|AFSCME]], and occasionally also from [[Americans for Democratic Action]], the [[American Civil Liberties Union|ACLU]] and the [[National Abortion Rights Action League]]. His lifetime rating from the [[American Conservative Union]] is 3.93 on a 0 to 100 scale.<ref name=Barone2006>Barone, et al. (2005), p. 561.</ref><ref name=Scores>{{cite book |last=Sharp |first=J. Michael |title=Directory of Congressional Voting Scores and Interest Group Ratings |year=2006 |publisher=CQ Press |location=Washington, D.C. |isbn=1-56802-970-5 |pages=1363–64}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ontheissues.org/IL/Bobby_Rush.htm |title=Bobby Rush on the Issues |access-date=2007-06-30}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2024 |title=Rep. Bobby Rush |url=http://ratings.conservative.org/people/R000515 |access-date=April 22, 2024 |website=CPAC Ratings}}</ref>

==Prominent representatives==
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
! Representative
! Notes
|-
| align=center|[[File:John Reynolds (1788-1865), Governor of Illinois.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]'''
| Associate Justice of the [[Illinois Supreme Court]] (1818–1824)<br />Elected the 4th [[governor of Illinois]] (1830–1834)
|-
| align=center|[[File:William.H.Bissel.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[William Henry Bissell]]'''
| Elected the 11th governor of Illinois (1857–1860)
|-
| align=center|[[File:John Wentworth of Chicago.jpeg|50px]]<br />'''[[John Wentworth (Illinois politician)|John Wentworth]]'''
| Elected the 21st [[mayor of Chicago]] (1860–1861)
|-
| align=center|[[File:Elihu B. Washburne seated - Brady-Handy.png|50px]]<br />'''[[Elihu B. Washburne]]'''
| Served as [[Dean of the United States House of Representatives|Dean of the U.S. House of Representatives]] (1863–1869)<br />Appointed the 25th [[United States Secretary of State|U.S. Secretary of State]] (1869)<br />Appointed the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to France|U.S. minister to France]] (1869–1877)
|-
| align=center|[[File:JBrice.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[John Blake Rice]]'''
| Elected the 24th mayor of Chicago (1865–1869)
|-
| align=center|[[File:NormanBJudd.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[Norman B. Judd]]'''
| Appointed the [[List of ambassadors of the United States to Germany|U.S. envoy to Prussia]] (1867–1871)
|-
| align=center|[[File:C.B.Farwell.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[Charles B. Farwell]]'''
| Elected [[List of United States senators from Illinois|U.S. Senator from Illinois]] (1887–1891)
|-
| align=center|[[File:James Robert Mann (Illinois) in 1916 (cropped).jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)|James Robert Mann]]'''
| Served as [[Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives|U.S. House Minority Leader]] (1911–1919)
|-
| align=center|[[File:William L. Dawson.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]]'''
| Served as a [[first lieutenant]] in the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] during [[World War I]] (1917–1919)<br />First African-American to chair a congressional committee.
|-
| align=center|[[File:RalphHMetcalfe1977.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[Ralph Metcalfe]]'''
| [[Olympic Games|Olympian]] ([[1932 Summer Olympics|1932]], [[1936 Summer Olympics|1936]])<br />Served as a first lieutenant in the U.S. Army during [[World War II]] (1942–1945)
|-
| align=center|[[File:Washington h.jpg|50px]]<br />'''[[Harold Washington]]'''
| Elected the 51st mayor of Chicago (1983–1987)<br />First African-American mayor of Chicago
|}

== List of members representing the district ==

{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
! Member
! Party
! Years
! Cong<br />ress
! Electoral history
! District location

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=6 | District created March 4, 1833

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | '''[[Charles Slade]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Carlyle, Illinois|Carlyle]])}}
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | [[Jacksonian Party (United States)|Jacksonian]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1833 –<br />July 26, 1834
| {{USCongressOrdinal|23}}
| [[1832 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1832]].<br />Died.
| rowspan=5 | '''1833–1843'''<br />{{Small|Included the sixteen counties in the state's southwestern section: [[Alexander County, Illinois|Alexander]], [[Bond County, Illinois|Bond]], [[Clinton County, Illinois|Clinton]], [[Franklin County, Illinois|Franklin]], [[Gallatin County, Illinois|Gallatin]], [[Jackson County, Illinois|Jackson]], [[Johnson County, Illinois|Johnson]], [[Macoupin County, Illinois|Macoupin]], [[Madison County, Illinois|Madison]], [[Monroe County, Illinois|Monroe]], [[Perry County, Illinois|Perry]], [[Pope County, Illinois|Pope]], [[Randolph County, Illinois|Randolph]], [[St. Clair County, Illinois|St. Clair]], [[Union County, Illinois|Union]] and [[Washington County, Illinois|Washington]] counties (five additional counties were later created within this area).<ref name=ParsonsI/>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant''
| nowrap | July 26, 1834 –<br />December 1, 1834
| {{USCongressOrdinal|23}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:John.Reynolds.png|100px]]<br />'''[[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Belleville, Illinois|Belleville]])}}
| {{Party shading/Jacksonian}} | [[Jacksonian Party (United States)|Jacksonian]]
| nowrap | December 1, 1834 –<br />March 3, 1837
| {{USCongressOrdinal|23|24}}
| [[1834 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election|Elected to finish Slade's term]]<br />[[1834 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1834]].<br />Lost re-election.

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Adam Wilson Snyder1.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Adam W. Snyder]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Belleville, Illinois|Belleville]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1837 –<br />March 3, 1839
| {{USCongressOrdinal|25}}
| [[1836 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1836]].<br />Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:John.Reynolds.png|100px]]<br />'''[[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Belleville, Illinois|Belleville]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1839 –<br />March 3, 1843
| {{USCongressOrdinal|26|27}}
| [[1838 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1838]].<br />[[1840 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1840]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:RobertSmithIL.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Robert Smith (Illinois)|Robert Smith]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Alton, Illinois|Alton]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1843 –<br />March 3, 1847
| {{USCongressOrdinal|28|29}}
| rowspan=2 | [[1842 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1842]].<br />[[1844 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1844]].<br />[[1846 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1846]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}
| rowspan=3 | '''1843–1853'''<br />{{Small|Reduced in size, and now included eleven counties: Alexander, Bond, Clinton, Jackson, Madison, Monroe, Perry, Randolph, St. Clair, Union and Washington counties.<ref name=ParsonsII/>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Independent Democratic]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1847 –<br />March 3, 1849
| {{USCongressOrdinal|30}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:William.H.Bissel.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[William Henry Bissell|William H. Bissell]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Belleville, Illinois|Belleville]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1849 –<br />March 3, 1853
| {{USCongressOrdinal|31|32}}
| [[1848 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1848]].<br />[[1850 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1850]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:Elihu B. Washburne - Brady-Handy.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Elihu B. Washburne]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Galena, Illinois|Galena]])}}
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1853 –<br />March 3, 1855
| {{USCongressOrdinal|33}}
| rowspan=2 | [[1852 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1852]].<br />[[1854 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1854]].<br />[[1856 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1856]].<br />[[1858 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1858]].<br />[[1860 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1860]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}
| rowspan=2 | '''1853–1863'''<br />{{Small|Shifted north to cover the eight counties along the state's northern edge: [[Boone County, Illinois|Boone]], [[Carroll County, Illinois|Carroll]], [[Jo Daviess County, Illinois|Jo Daviess]], [[Lake County, Illinois|Lake]], [[McHenry County, Illinois|McHenry]], [[Ogle County, Illinois|Ogle]], [[Stephenson County, Illinois|Stephenson]] and [[Winnebago County, Illinois|Winnebago]] counties.<ref name=ParsonsIII/> [[Ulysses S. Grant]] was a district resident in 1860–61 during the period when he was out of the Army, working in his family's store in [[Galena, Illinois|Galena]], and he became acquainted with Congressman [[Elihu B. Washburne]]; Washburne became his political mentor and sponsor, and eventually became Grant's first [[United States Secretary of State|Secretary of State]].}}

|- style="height:3em"
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1855 –<br />March 3, 1863
| {{USCongressOrdinal|34|37}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Isaac Newton Arnold - A. Hesler 1884.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Isaac N. Arnold]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1863 –<br />March 3, 1865
| {{USCongressOrdinal|38}}
| [[1862 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1862]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}
| rowspan=4 | '''1863–1873'''<br />{{Small|During this decade, beginning during the [[American Civil War|Civil War]], consisted of all of Cook County.<ref>Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 102–103.</ref> Industrialist [[Cyrus McCormick]] lost the [[1864 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|1864 House election]] as the Democratic candidate.<ref>''Guide to U.S. Elections'', p. 940.</ref> Later during this period, the district was devastated by the [[Great Chicago Fire]] in October 1871.}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:John Wentworth of Chicago.jpeg|100px]]<br />'''[[John Wentworth (mayor)|John Wentworth]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1865 –<br />March 3, 1867
| {{USCongressOrdinal|39}}
| [[1864 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1864]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:NormanBJudd.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Norman B. Judd]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1867 –<br />March 3, 1871
| {{USCongressOrdinal|40|41}}
| [[1866 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1866]].<br />[[1868 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1868]].<br />Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:C.B.Farwell.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Charles B. Farwell]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1871 –<br />March 3, 1873
| {{USCongressOrdinal|42}}
| [[1870 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1870]].<br />{{Data missing|date=February 2020}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:JBrice.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[John Blake Rice|John B. Rice]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1873 –<br />December 17, 1874
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|43}}
| [[1872 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1872]].<br />Retired and then died.
| rowspan=4 | '''1873–1883'''<br />{{Small|Restructured and now included [[DuPage County, Illinois|DuPage County]], the thirteen townships comprising the southern half of Cook County ([[Bloom Township, Cook County, Illinois|Bloom]], [[Bremen Township, Cook County, Illinois|Bremen]], [[Calumet Township, Cook County, Illinois|Calumet]], [[Hyde Park Township, Cook County, Illinois|Hyde Park]], Lake, [[Lemont Township, Cook County, Illinois|Lemont]], [[Lyons Township, Cook County, Illinois|Lyons]], [[Orland Township, Cook County, Illinois|Orland]], [[Palos Township, Cook County, Illinois|Palos]], [[Rich Township, Cook County, Illinois|Rich]], [[Riverside Township, Cook County, Illinois|Riverside]], [[Thornton Township, Cook County, Illinois|Thornton]], [[Worth Township, Cook County, Illinois|Worth]]), and the entire South Side and part of the West side of Chicago. The Chicago portion of the district began [[Chicago Loop|downtown]] and extended south to 39th Street (now Pershing Road) east of the [[Chicago River]] and south of the river and the [[Illinois and Michigan Canal]], with its western boundary being [[Western Avenue (Chicago)|Western Avenue]]; on the west side, the district included the area between 16th Street on the north and the river and canal on the south, with the city's western boundary then being Crawford Avenue (now [[Pulaski Road (Chicago)|Pulaski Road]]).<ref>Parsons, et al. (1986), pp. 159–160.</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant''
| nowrap | December 17, 1874 –<br />February 1, 1875

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:BernardGCaulfield.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Bernard G. Caulfield]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | February 1, 1875 –<br />March 3, 1877
| {{USCongressOrdinal|43|44}}
| [[1875 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election|Elected to finish Rice's term]].<br />[[1874 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1874]].<br />Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:WilliamAldrich.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[William Aldrich]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1877 –<br />March 3, 1883
| {{USCongressOrdinal|45|47}}
| [[1876 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1876]].<br />[[1878 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1878]].<br />[[1880 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1880]].<br />Lost renomination.

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Ransom Dunham (Illinois Congressman).jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Ransom W. Dunham]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1883 –<br />March 3, 1889
| {{USCongressOrdinal|48|50}}
| [[1882 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1882]].<br />[[1884 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1884]].<br />[[1886 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1886]].<br />Retired.
| rowspan=3 | '''1883–1895'''<br />{{Small|Remained identical to its previous configuration, except that it no longer included DuPage County or the portion of Chicago west of [[Clark Street (Chicago)|Clark Street]] between 16th and 39th Streets.<ref>{{cite book | last=Parsons | first=Stanley B. | author2=Michael J. Dubin | author3=Karen Toombs Parsons | title=United States Congressional Districts, 1883–1913 | year=1990 | publisher=Greenwood Press | location=Westport, CT | isbn=0-313-26482-1 | pages=23–27 }}</ref> Illinois gained two additional representatives following the [[1890 United States census|1890 census]], but they were elected on an at-large basis for the 1893–1895 term before redistricting occurred, and the previous decade's districting remained in effect.<ref>Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 182–186.</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Abner Taylor (Illinois Congressman).jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Abner Taylor]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1889 –<br />March 3, 1893
| {{USCongressOrdinal|51|52}}
| [[1888 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1888]].<br />[[1890 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1890]].<br />Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:JFrankAldrich.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[J. Frank Aldrich|J. Frank Aldric]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| rowspan=2 nowrap | March 4, 1893 –<br />March 3, 1897
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|53|54}}
| rowspan=2 | [[1892 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1892]].<br />[[1894 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1894]].<br />Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 | '''1895–1903'''<br />{{Small|Included the seven townships in southeastern Cook County (Bloom, Bremen, Calumet, Orland, Rich, Thornton, Worth), and the portion of Chicago's South Side bordered on the north by 26th Street, and on the west by Wentworth Avenue from 26th to 39th Streets and by [[State Street (Chicago)|State Street]] from 39th to 63rd Streets before following 63rd Street west to the city's border with Lyons Township (then at Cicero Avenue).<ref>Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 187–191.</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:James Robert Mann (Illinois) in 1916.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[James Robert Mann (Illinois)|James Robert Mann]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1897 –<br />March 3, 1903
| {{USCongressOrdinal|55|57}}
| [[1896 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1896]].<br />[[1898 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1898]].<br />[[1900 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1900]].<br />Redistricted to the [[Illinois's 2nd congressional district|2nd district]].

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Martin Emerich (Illinois Congressman).jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Martin Emerich]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1903 –<br />March 3, 1905
| {{USCongressOrdinal|58}}
| [[1902 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1902]].<br />Retired.
| rowspan=6 | '''1903–1949'''<br />{{Small|Confined to the city of Chicago for the first time, and included downtown and the area east of Wentworth to 43rd Street, also reaching west to include [[Armour Square, Chicago|Armour Square]] as well as most of [[Bridgeport, Chicago|Bridgeport]] northeast of 33rd and Halsted Streets.<ref>Parsons, et al. (1990), pp. 326–330.</ref> Illinois's districts were not redrawn until 1947, taking effect for the 1948 elections.<ref>{{cite book | editor-last=Barrett | editor-first=Edward A.  | title=Blue Book of the State of Illinois, 1947–1948 | publisher=State of Illinois | location=Springfield, IL | page=110 }}</ref> In [[1928 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|1928]], [[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar De Priest]] became the first African American elected to Congress in the 20th century.}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Portrait of Martin B. Madden.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Martin B. Madden]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1905 –<br />April 27, 1928
| {{USCongressOrdinal|59|70}}
| [[1902 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1902]].<br />[[1904 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1904]].<br />[[1906 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1906]].<br />[[1908 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1908]].<br />[[1910 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1910]].<br />[[1912 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1912]].<br />[[1914 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1914]].<br />[[1916 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1916]].<br />[[1918 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1918]].<br />[[1920 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1920]].<br />[[1922 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1922]].<br />[[1924 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1924]].<br />[[1926 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1926]].<br />Died.

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant''
| nowrap | April 27, 1928 –<br />March 3, 1929
| {{USCongressOrdinal|70}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Oscar Stanton De Priest.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar S. De Priest]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| nowrap | March 4, 1929 –<br />January 3, 1935
| {{USCongressOrdinal|71|73}}
| [[1928 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1928]].<br />[[1930 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1930]].<br />[[1932 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1932]].<br />Lost re-election.

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Arthur W. Mitchell.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Arthur W. Mitchell]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | January 3, 1935 –<br />January 3, 1943
| {{USCongressOrdinal|74|77}}
| [[1934 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1934]].<br />[[1936 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1936]].<br />[[1938 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1938]].<br />[[1940 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1940]].<br />Retired.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=4 align=left | [[File:William L Dawson.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| rowspan=4 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| rowspan=4 nowrap | January 3, 1943 –<br />November 9, 1970
| rowspan=4 | {{USCongressOrdinal|78|91}}
| rowspan=4 | [[1942 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1942]].<br />[[1944 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1944]].<br />[[1946 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1946]].<br />[[1948 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1948]].<br />[[1950 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1950]].<br />[[1952 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1952]].<br />[[1954 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1954]].<br />[[1956 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1956]].<br />[[1958 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1958]].<br />[[1960 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1960]].<br />[[1962 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1962]].<br />[[1964 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1964]].<br />[[1966 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1966]].<br />[[1968 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1968]].<br />[[1970 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1970]].<br />Died.

|- style="height:3em"
| '''1949–1963'''<br />{{Small|Included that part of Chicago bounded on the north by the river; on the east by the lake to Pershing Road and by Cottage Grove Avenue from Pershing to 71st Street and South Chicago Avenue; on the south by Marquette Road from State Street to South Chicago Avenue, following that southeast to 71st and Cottage Grove; and on the west by Wallace Street (from the river to 25th Street), Canal Street (25th to 31st Street), Wentworth (31st to 43rd Street), the railroad between State and Wentworth (43rd to 59th Street) and State Street (59th to Marquette).<ref>Barrett, pp. 113–114.</ref> The same boundaries were maintained in the redistricting after 1950.<ref>{{cite book | title=Congressional District Atlas of the United States | year=1960 | publisher=[[United States Census Bureau|U.S. Bureau of the Census]] | location=Washington, D.C. | pages=18–20 }}</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| '''1963–1967'''<br />{{Small|Included that part of Chicago between 31st and 99th Streets bounded on the west by Wentworth (31st to Garfield Boulevard), the railroad 1/4-mile east of Halsted (Garfield to 59th), Halsted (59th to 63rd), State Street (63rd to 83rd) and Stewart Avenue (83rd to 99th), and bounded on the east by the lake (31st to 46th), Cottage Grove (46th to 65th) and [[Stony Island Avenue]] (65th to 99th).<ref>{{cite book | title=Congressional District Data Book: Districts of the 88th Congress | year=1963 | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | location=Washington, D.C. | pages=125–127 }}</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=3 | '''1967–1973'''<br />{{Small|Additional redistricting for the 1967–1969 term. All of the district's previous territory was retained, but it was extended further north as far as [[Cermak Road]], with its western boundary being the railroad between State and Wentworth (Cermak to 28th Street) and then Wentworth (28th to Garfield). In addition, a small area east of Woodlawn Avenue between 46th and 47th Streets was added.<ref>{{cite book | title=Congressional District Data Book, Illinois supplement | year=1966 | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | location=Washington, D.C. | pages=2–4 }}</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant''
| nowrap | November 9, 1970 –<br />January 3, 1971
| {{USCongressOrdinal|91}}

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:RalphHMetcalfe1977.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Ralph Metcalfe]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1971 –<br />October 10, 1978
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|92|95}}
| rowspan=2 | [[1971 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election|Elected to finish Dawson's term]].<br />[[1972 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1972]].<br />[[1974 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1974]].<br />[[1976 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1976]].<br />Died.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=4 | '''1973–1983'''<br />{{Small|Included that part of Chicago between 31st and 103rd Streets bounded on the west by King Drive (31st to 35th), State (35th to Pershing), the railroad 1/4-mile west of State (Pershing to Garfield), King Drive (Garfield to Marquette), Yale Avenue (Marquette to 69th), Harvard Avenue (69th to 70th), Stewart (70th to 71st), Halsted (71st to [[95th Street (Chicago)|95th]]), the railroad 1/2-mile east of Halsted (95th to 99th) and State (99th to 103rd), and on the east by the lake (31st to 71st Street/South Shore Drive), Yates Boulevard (71st to 73rd), Jeffery Boulevard (73rd to 75th) and Stony Island, continuing onto the [[Bishop Ford Freeway|Calumet Expressway]] (75th to 103rd, with minor variation at 95th).<ref>{{cite book | title=Congressional District Data Book: 93rd Congress | year=1973 | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | location=Washington, D.C. | pages=145, 147–148 }}</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant''
| nowrap | October 10, 1978 –<br />January 3, 1979
| {{USCongressOrdinal|95}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Bennett Stewart.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Bennett M. Stewart]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | January 3, 1979 –<br />January 3, 1981
| {{USCongressOrdinal|96}}
| [[1978 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1978]].<br />Lost renomination.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=2 align=left | [[File:Washington h.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Harold Washington]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| rowspan=2 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| rowspan=2 nowrap | January 3, 1981 –<br />April 30, 1983
| rowspan=2 | {{USCongressOrdinal|97|98}}
| rowspan=2 | [[1980 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1980]].<br />[[1982 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1982]].<br />Resigned to become [[Mayor of Chicago]].

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=3 | '''1983–1993'''<br />{{Small|The only remaining district entirely within the city of Chicago, and included that area between Cermak Road and 103rd Street bounded on the west by Federal Street (Cermak to 25th), the railroad 1/4-mile west of State (25th to 35th), the railroad 1/2-mile east of Halsted (35th to 42nd and 43rd to 47th), Stewart (42nd to 43rd), Morgan Street (47th to 48th), Racine Avenue (48th to Garfield), Peoria Street (Garfield to 56th), Green Street (56th to 57th) and Halsted (57th to 103rd), and on the east by the lake (Cermak to 73rd) and Yates (73rd to 103rd).<ref>''Congressional Districts in the 1980s'', p. 163.</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| colspan=2 | ''Vacant''
| nowrap | April 30, 1983 –<br />August 23, 1983
| {{USCongressOrdinal|98}}

|- style="height:3em"
| align=left | [[File:Rep. Charles Hayes.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Charles Hayes (politician)|Charles A. Hayes]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| nowrap | August 23, 1983 –<br />January 3, 1993
| {{USCongressOrdinal|98|102}}
| [[1983 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election|Elected to finish Washington's term]]<br />[[1984 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1984]].<br />[[1986 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1986]].<br />[[1988 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1988]].<br />[[1990 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1990]].<br />Lost renomination.

|- style="height:3em"
| rowspan=3 align=left | [[File:Bobby Rush official portrait.jpg|100px]]<br />'''[[Bobby Rush]]'''<br>{{Small|([[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]])}}
| rowspan=3 {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| rowspan=3 nowrap | January 3, 1993 –<br />January 3, 2023
| rowspan=3 | {{USCongressOrdinal|103|117}}
| rowspan=3 nowrap | [[1992 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Elected in 1992]].<br />[[1994 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1994]].<br />[[1996 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1996]].<br />[[1998 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 1998]].<br />[[2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election|Re-elected in 2000]].<br />[[2002 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 2002]].<br />[[2004 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois|Re-elected in 2004]].<br />[[2006 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2006]].<br />[[2008 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2008]].<br />[[2010 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2010]].<br />[[2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2012]].<br />[[2014 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2014]].<br />[[2016 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2016]].<br />[[2018 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2018]].<br />[[2020 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Re-elected in 2020]].<br />Retired.
| '''1993–2003'''<br />{{Small|Expanded into the suburbs for the first time in 90 years, increasing its total area from 32 to {{convert|56|sqmi|km2}}. It now included: the Chicago communities of [[Douglas, Chicago|Douglas]], [[Oakland, Chicago|Oakland]], [[Kenwood, Chicago|Kenwood]], [[Hyde Park, Chicago|Hyde Park]], [[Woodlawn, Chicago|Woodlawn]], [[Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago|Greater Grand Crossing]], [[Avalon Park, Chicago|Avalon Park]], [[Burnside, Chicago|Burnside]], [[Chatham, Chicago|Chatham]] and [[Mount Greenwood, Chicago|Mount Greenwood]]; those portions of [[Auburn Gresham, Chicago|Auburn Gresham]] and [[Washington Heights, Chicago|Washington Heights]] east of Halsted, those portions of [[Roseland, Chicago|Roseland]] and [[Pullman, Chicago|Pullman]] north of 103rd Street, and those portions of [[Calumet Heights, Chicago|Calumet Heights]] and [[South Chicago, Chicago|South Chicago]] west of Yates Boulevard; the portion of [[South Deering, Chicago|South Deering]] northwest of 103rd and Yates; [[South Shore, Chicago|South Shore]], excepting the area southeast of 71st and Yates; [[Washington Park, Chicago (neighborhood)|Washington Park]], excepting the area northwest of 57th and King Drive; the part of [[Grand Boulevard, Chicago|Grand Boulevard]] north of 43rd Street, as well as most of the area east of Vincennes Avenue; the portion of [[Armour Square, Chicago|Armour Square]] southeast of 35th Street and Princeton Avenue; most of [[Englewood, Chicago|Englewood]] north of 63rd or east of Halsted; the portion of [[West Englewood, Chicago|West Englewood]] north of 63rd; most of [[New City, Chicago|New City]] southwest of 49th and May Streets; most of [[Brighton Park, Chicago|Brighton Park]] southeast of 40th and Kedzie Avenue; portions of [[Gage Park, Chicago|Gage Park]] east of Kedzie, most of [[Chicago Lawn, Chicago|Chicago Lawn]] east of Kedzie, and the portion of [[Ashburn, Chicago|Ashburn]] east of Kedzie; [[Beverly, Chicago|Beverly]], excepting the area southeast of 103rd and Prospect Avenue; and most of [[Morgan Park, Chicago|Morgan Park]] west of Vincennes. In the suburbs, the district included the villages of [[Evergreen Park, Illinois|Evergreen Park]] and [[Merrionette Park, Illinois|Merrionette Park]], the portion of [[Alsip, Illinois|Alsip]] east of Cicero Avenue, the portion of [[Blue Island, Illinois|Blue Island]] in Worth Township north of the [[Calumet River#Cal-Sag Channel|Calumet Sag Channel]], and, with minor variations, the portion of [[Oak Lawn, Illinois|Oak Lawn]] southeast of 101st and Cicero.<ref>{{cite book | title=Congressional District Atlas: 103rd Congress of the United States | year=1993 | publisher=U.S. Bureau of the Census | location=Washington, D.C. | isbn=0-16-041689-2 | pages=Illinois-1, 5, 25, 28–33 }}</ref>}}

|- style="height:3em"
| '''2003–2013'''<br />[[File:IL01 109.gif|300px]]

|- style="height:3em"
| '''2013–2023'''<br />[[File:Illinois US Congressional District 1 (since 2013).tif|300px]]
|-
| align=left |[[File:Rep. Jonathan Jackson official portrait, 118th Congress.jpg|frameless|100px]]<br />[[Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician)|'''Jonathan Jackson''']]<br>{{Small|([[Chicago]])}}
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| January 3, 2023 –<br />present
| {{USCongressOrdinal|118|Present}}
| [[2022 United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois#District 1|Elected in 2022]].
| '''2023–present'''<br />[[File:Illinois's 1st congressional district (since 2023) (new version).svg|300px]]
|}

==Election results==
===1832–1840===
{{Election box begin no change
| title = 1832 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=163%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-165 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=74|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=163 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Charles Slade]]
| votes = 2470
| percentage = 31.28
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic-Republican Party
| candidate = [[Ninian Edwards]]
| votes = 2078
| percentage = 26.31
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Sidney Breese]]
| votes = 1770
| percentage = 22.41
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 7897
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = 1834 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=171%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-173 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=82|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=171 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]
| votes = 4136
| percentage = 41.98
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Adam W. Snyder]]
| votes = 3723
| percentage = 37.79
}}
{{Election box candidate no change
| party = Unknown
| candidate = Edward Humphreys
| votes = 1990
| percentage = 20.20
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
| votes = 3
| percentage = 0.03
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 9852
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = 1834 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=187%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-191 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |pages=98–99|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=187 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]
| votes = 1721
| percentage = 47.99
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic-Republican Party
| candidate = [[Pierre Menard]]
| votes = 871
| percentage = 24.29
}}
{{Election box candidate no change
| party = Unknown
| candidate = William Orr
| votes = 501
| percentage = 13.97
}}
{{Election box candidate no change
| party = Unknown
| candidate = Henry L. Webb
| votes = 490
| percentage = 13.66
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
| votes = 3
| percentage = 0.08
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 3586
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin no change
| title = 1836 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=189%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-193 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=101|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=189 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Adam W. Snyder]]
| votes = 4552
| percentage = 40.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 4441
| percentage = 39.08
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| party = Whig Party (United States)
| candidate = William J. Gatewood
| votes = 2370
| percentage = 20.86
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 11363
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1838 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=195%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-199 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=107|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=195 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]
| votes = 8032
| percentage = 61.16
| change = +22.08%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Whig Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Hogan (Missouri politician)|John Hogan]]
| votes = 5100
| percentage = 38.84
| change = +17.98%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 13132
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1841–1850===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1841 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=209%3Bownerid=9007199255465508-217 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=120|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=209 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 8046
| percentage = 59.44
| change = -1.72%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Whig Party (United States)
| candidate = Henry L. Webb
| votes = 5,313
| percentage = 39.25
| change = +0.41%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[John Tyler]] Supporter
| candidate = Stephen R. Rowan
| votes = 171
| percentage = 1.26
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 14
| percentage = 0.10
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 13537
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1843 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=223%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-227 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=135|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=223 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Robert Smith (Illinois)|Robert Smith]]
| votes = 7347
| percentage = 56.11
| change = -3.33%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Whig Party (United States)
| candidate = [[James L. D. Morrison]]
| votes = 5,568
| percentage = 42.53
| change = +3.28%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Liberty Party (United States, 1840)
| candidate = Robert W. Marshall
| votes = 176
| percentage = 1.34
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 2
| percentage = 0.02
| change = -0.08%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 13093
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1844 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=231%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-233 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=142|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=231 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Robert Smith (Illinois)|Robert Smith]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 7966
| percentage = 64.65
| change = +8.54%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Reynolds (Illinois politician)|John Reynolds]]
| votes = 4,146
| percentage = 33.65
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Liberty Party (United States, 1840)
| candidate = Robert W. Marshall
| votes = 191
| percentage = 1.55
| change = +0.21%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 36
| percentage = 0.29
| change = +0.27%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 12321
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1846 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=241%3Bownerid=9007199255466390-245 |title=Illinois Election Returns 1818-1848 |access-date=2022-04-07 |last=Pease |first=Theodore Calvin |year=1923 |series=Collections of the Illinois State Historical Library |page=153|hdl=2027/mdp.39015004859552?urlappend=%3Bseq=241 }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Independent Democrat
| candidate = [[Robert Smith (Illinois)|Robert Smith]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 7068
| percentage = 58.13
| change = -6.52%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Lyman Trumbull]]
| votes = 5,019
| percentage = 41.28
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Liberty Party (United States, 1840)
| candidate = B. Marshall
| votes = 62
| percentage = 0.51
| change = -1.04%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 10
| percentage = 0.08
| change = -0.21%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 12159
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1848 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369484 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William Henry Bissell|William H. Bissell]]
| votes = 9892
| percentage = 97.74
| change = +56.46%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Liberty Party (United States, 1840)
| candidate = Charles W. Hunter
| votes = 229
| percentage = 2.26
| change = +1.75%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 10121
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1850 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369483 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William Henry Bissell|William H. Bissell]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 12841
| percentage = 99.99
| change = +2.25%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 1
| percentage = 0.01
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1852–1860===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1852 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369481 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Whig Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Elihu B. Washburne]]
| votes = 7392
| percentage = 43.93
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Thompson Campbell]]
| votes = 7,106
| percentage = 42.23
| change = -57.76%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Free Soil Party
| candidate = Newman Campbell
| votes = 2,245
| percentage = 13.34
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 85
| percentage = 0.51
| change = +0.50%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 16828
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1854 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369480 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Elihu B. Washburne]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 8372
| percentage = 69.33
| change = +25.40%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = William M. Jackson
| votes = 2,776
| percentage = 22.99
| change = -19.24%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Anti-Nebraska movement
| candidate = E. P. Ferry
| votes = 927
| percentage = 7.68
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 12075
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1856 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369479 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Elihu B. Washburne]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 18070
| percentage = 72.61
| change = +3.28%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Richard S. Molony]]
| votes = 6,227
| percentage = 25.02
| change = +2.03%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Unknown
| candidate = Elisha B. Washburne
| votes = 331
| percentage = 1.33
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Know Nothing
| candidate = B. D. Eastman
| votes = 257
| percentage = 1.03
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 24885
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1858 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369477 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Elihu B. Washburne]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 15811
| percentage = 69.84
| change = -2.77%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Hiram Bright
| votes = 6,457
| percentage = 28.52
| change = +3.50%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Democratic Party (Anti-Lecompton)
| candidate = Richard H. Jackson
| votes = 370
| percentage = 1.63
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 22638
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1860 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369473 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-07 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Elihu B. Washburne]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 21436
| percentage = 70.56
| change = +0.72%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Theodore A. C. Beard
| votes = 8,929
| percentage = 29.39
| change = +0.87%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 14
| percentage = 0.05
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 30379
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1862–1870===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1862 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369472 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Isaac N. Arnold]]
| votes = 10025
| percentage = 54.45
| change = -16.11%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Francis Cornwall Sherman]]
| votes = 8,387
| percentage = 45.55
| change = +16.16%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 18412
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1864 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=174221 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = National Union Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Wentworth (Illinois politician)|John Wentworth]]
| votes = 18557
| percentage = 56.52
| change = +2.07%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Cyrus McCormick]]
| votes = 14,277
| percentage = 43.48
| change = -2.07%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 32834
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1866 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369470 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Norman B. Judd]]
| votes = 15247
| percentage = 72.90
| change = +16.38%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin R. M. Wallace]]
| votes = 5,667
| percentage = 27.10
| change = -16.38%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 41828
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1868 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369468 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-14 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Norman B. Judd]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 27414
| percentage = 58.77
| change = -14.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin R. M. Wallace]]
| votes = 19,233
| percentage = 41.23
| change = +14.13%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 46647
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1870 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369467 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Charles B. Farwell]]
| votes = 40684
| percentage = 57.52
| change = -1.25%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Wentworth (Illinois politician)|John Wentworth]]
| votes = 15,025
| percentage = 42.48
| change = +1.25%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 70734
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1872–1880===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1872 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369466 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Blake Rice]]
| votes = 12870
| percentage = 64.01
| change = +6.49%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Liberal Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Lucien B. Otis
| votes = 7,235
| percentage = 35.99
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 20105
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1874 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369224 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Bernard G. Caulfield]]
| votes = 10211
| percentage = 51.02
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Sidney Smith
| votes = 9,803
| percentage = 48.98
| change = -15.03%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 20014
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1875 Illinois's 1st congressional district special election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369227 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-15 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Bernard G. Caulfield]]
| votes = 3461
| percentage = 81.96
| change = +30.94%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Unknown
| candidate = H. Eddy
| votes = 454
| percentage = 10.75
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Unknown
| candidate = Henry Vallettee
| votes = 308
| percentage = 7.29
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 4223
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1876 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369223 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William Aldrich]]
| votes = 16587
| percentage = 53.21
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[John Randolph Hoxie]]
| votes = 14,101
| percentage = 45.23
| change = -36.73%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Greenback Party
| candidate = George S. Bowen
| votes = 486
| percentage = 1.56
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 31174
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1878 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369219 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William Aldrich]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 12165
| percentage = 51.84
| change = -1.37%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[James Rood Doolittle]]
| votes = 7,136
| percentage = 30.41
| change = -14.82%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Labor Party of America
| candidate = John McAuliff
| votes = 2,322
| percentage = 9.90
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Greenback Party
| candidate = William V. Barr
| votes = 1,844
| percentage = 7.86
| change = +6.30%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 23467
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1880 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=162926 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William Aldrich]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 22307
| percentage = 53.79
| change = +1.95%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = John Mattocks
| votes = 18,024
| percentage = 43.47
| change = +13.06%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Labor Party of America
| candidate = J. J. Altpeter
| votes = 605
| percentage = 1.46
| change = -8.44%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Greenback Party
| candidate = Richard Powers
| votes = 532
| percentage = 1.28
| change = -6.58%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 41468
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1882–1890===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1882 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369199 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Ransom W. Dunham]]
| votes = 11571
| percentage = 50.86
| change = -2.93%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = John W. Downes
| votes = 10,534
| percentage = 46.31
| change = +2.84%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Greenback Party
| candidate = Alonzo J. Glover
| votes = 644
| percentage = 2.83
| change = +1.55%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 22749
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1884 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369198 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref><ref name=Results>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/DownloadVoteTotals.aspx?MID=vvc3ru6lLPI%3d&T=637536467590233857|title=Downloadable Vote Totals|access-date=2022-04-19|website=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]|publisher=Illinois State Board of Elections}}{{Dead link|date=September 2024 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Ransom W. Dunham]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 20245
| percentage = 56.73
| change = +5.87%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = William M. Tilden
| votes = 14,655
| percentage = 41.06
| change = -5.25%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Greenback Party
| candidate = Jno. B. Clark
| votes = 501
| percentage = 1.40
| change = -1.43%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Unknown
| candidate = William B. Clark
| votes = 288
| percentage = 0.81
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 35689
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1886 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369197 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref><ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Ransom W. Dunham]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 12321
| percentage = 46.89
| change = -9.84%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Edgar Terhune
| votes = 7,258
| percentage = 27.62
| change = -13.44%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Labor Party (United States, 19th century)
| candidate = Harvey Sheldon, Jr.
| votes = 6,358
| percentage = 24.20
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = George C. Christian
| votes = 337
| percentage = 1.28
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 26274
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1888 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369196 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Abner Taylor]]
| votes = 26553
| percentage = 52.86
| change = +5.97%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = James F. Todd
| votes = 22,697
| percentage = 45.19
| change = +17.57%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Harry S. Taylor
| votes = 981
| percentage = 1.95
| change = +0.67%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 50231
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1890 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369195 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Abner Taylor]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 22235
| percentage = 49.95
| change = -2.91%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = William G. Ewing
| votes = 21,796
| percentage = 48.96
| change = +3.77%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Isaac H. Pedrick
| votes = 483
| percentage = 1.09
| change = -0.86%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 44514
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1892–1900===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1892 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369194 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[J. Frank Aldrich]]
| votes = 39726
| percentage = 49.68
| change = -0.27%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Edwin B. Smith
| votes = 37,904
| percentage = 47.40
| change = -1.56%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Winfield S. McComas
| votes = 1,738
| percentage = 2.17
| change = +1.08%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = Alfred Clark
| votes = 566
| percentage = 0.71
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Labor Party (United States, 19th century)
| candidate = P. J. Weldon
| votes = 32
| percentage = 0.04
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 79966
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1894 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369193 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[J. Frank Aldrich]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 33902
| percentage = 63.15
| change = +13.47%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Max Dembufsky
| votes = 12,854
| percentage = 23.94
| change = -23.46%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = Howard S. Taylor
| votes = 5,996
| percentage = 11.17
| change = +10.46%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = William H. Craig
| votes = 667
| percentage = 1.24
| change = -0.93%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Independent American Citizen
| candidate = Winfield S. McComas
| votes = 269
| percentage = 0.50
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 53688
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1896 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369192 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref><ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)|James Robert Mann]]
| votes = 51582
| percentage = 67.64
| change = +4.49%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = James H. Teller
| votes = 23,123
| percentage = 30.32
| change = +6.38%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = Benjamin J. Werthermer
| votes = 957
| percentage = 1.25
| change = -9.92%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Unknown
| candidate = Thomas R. Strobridge
| votes = 595
| percentage = 0.78
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 76257
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1898 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369191 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref><ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)|James Robert Mann]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 37500
| percentage = 63.23
| change = -4.41%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Rollin B. Organ
| votes = 20,424
| percentage = 34.43
| change = +4.11%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Labor Party of America
| candidate = Bernard Berlyn
| votes = 568
| percentage = 0.96
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Theodore L. Neff
| votes = 414
| percentage = 0.70
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = James Hogan
| votes = 404
| percentage = 0.68
| change = -0.57%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 59310
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1900 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=369190 |title=IL District 1 |access-date=2022-04-19 |website=Our Campaigns}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[James Robert Mann (Illinois politician)|James Robert Mann]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 52775
| percentage = 63.02
| change = -0.21%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Leon Hornstein
| votes = 28,858
| percentage = 34.46
| change = +0.03%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Social Democratic Party of America
| candidate = William H. Collins
| votes = 1,208
| percentage = 1.44
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = William P. Ferguson
| votes = 899
| percentage = 1.07
| change = +0.37%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 83740
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1902–1910===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1902 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin Emerich]]
| votes = 16591
| percentage = 51.29
| change = +16.83%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]]
| votes = 15,339
| percentage = 47.42
| change = -15.60%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Howard T. Wilcoxon
| votes = 415
| percentage = 1.28
| change = +0.21%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 32345
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1904 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idaillinois.org/digital/collection/bb/id/25049/rec/26|title=Illinois blue book, 1905–1906|access-date=2022-10-12|website=Illinois Digital Archives|publisher=[[Illinois Secretary of State]]'s Office|year=1905–1906}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]]
| votes = 24097
| percentage = 58.00
| change = +10.58%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = John S. Oehman
| votes = 9,166
| percentage = 22.06
| change = -29.23%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent Republican (United States)
| candidate = David S. Geer
| votes = 5,175
| percentage = 12.46
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Edward Loewenthal
| votes = 2,334
| percentage = 5.62
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = William H. Craig
| votes = 416
| percentage = 1.00
| change = -0.28%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = People's Party (United States)
| candidate = Charles Roberts
| votes = 234
| percentage = 0.56
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = Continental Party
| candidate = J. P. Lynch
| votes = 127
| percentage = 0.31
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 41549
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1906 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 17015
| percentage = 59.32
| change = +1.32%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin Emerich]]
| votes = 10,015
| percentage = 34.92
| change = +12.86%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = J. H. Greer
| votes = 1,402
| percentage = 4.89
| change = -0.73%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = Amasa Orelup
| votes = 251
| percentage = 0.88
| change = -0.12%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 28683
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1908 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.idaillinois.org/digital/collection/bb/id/25553/rec/28|title=Illinois blue book, 1909–1910|access-date=2022-10-12|website=Illinois Digital Archives|publisher=[[Illinois Secretary of State]]'s Office|year=1909–1910|page=397}}</ref>
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 23370
| percentage = 60.92
| change = +1.60%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Matthew L. Mandable
| votes = 13,692
| percentage = 35.69
| change = +0.77%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Joseph N. Greer
| votes = 825
| percentage = 2.15
| change = -2.74%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Henry W. Young
| votes = 469
| percentage = 1.22
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Charles McCormick
| votes = 7
| percentage = 0.02
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 38363
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1910 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 14920
| percentage = 49.99
| change = -10.93%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Michael E. Maher
| votes = 13,466
| percentage = 45.12
| change = +9.43%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Joseph H. Greer
| votes = 1,165
| percentage = 3.90
| change = +1.75%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = H. E. Eckles
| votes = 293
| percentage = 0.98
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 29844
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1912–1920===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1912 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 13608
| percentage = 52.16
| change = +2.17%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Andrew Donovan
| votes = 9,967
| percentage = 38.20
| change = -6.92%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = William F. Barnard
| votes = 2,217
| percentage = 8.50
| change = +4.60%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Prohibition Party
| candidate = W. H. Rogers
| votes = 299
| percentage = 1.15
| change = +0.17%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 26091
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1914 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 13063
| percentage = 53.22
| change = +1.06%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = James M. Quinlan
| votes = 9,060
| percentage = 36.91
| change = -1.29%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Progressive Party (United States, 1912)
| candidate = Henry M. Ashton
| votes = 1,758
| percentage = 7.16
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Charles Leffler
| votes = 662
| percentage = 2.70
| change = -5.80%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 24543
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1916 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 20380
| percentage = 59.06
| change = +5.84%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = William J. Hennessey
| votes = 13,380
| percentage = 38.77
| change = +1.86%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Robert H. Howe
| votes = 749
| percentage = 2.17
| change = -0.53%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 34509
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1918 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 12580
| percentage = 55.33
| change = -3.73%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[George Mayer (gymnast)|George Mayer]]
| votes = 9,776
| percentage = 43.00
| change = +4.23%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = G. J. Carlisle
| votes = 381
| percentage = 1.68
| change = -0.49%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 22737
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1920 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 41907
| percentage = 75.91
| change = +20.58%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = James A. Gorman
| votes = 12,398
| percentage = 22.46
| change = -20.54%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Willis E. Davis
| votes = 899
| percentage = 1.63
| change = -0.05%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 55204
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1922–1930===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1922 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 23895
| percentage = 59.09
| change = -16.82%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[George Mayer (gymnast)|George Mayer]]
| votes = 15,999
| percentage = 39.56
| change = +17.10%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Charles Hallbeck
| votes = 427
| percentage = 1.06
| change = -0.57%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Farmer–Labor Party
| candidate = John H. Kennedy
| votes = 120
| percentage = 0.30
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 40441
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1924 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 43661
| percentage = 73.05
| change = +13.96%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = James F. Doyle
| votes = 13,623
| percentage = 22.79
| change = -16.77%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Samuel A. T. Watkins
| votes = 2,232
| percentage = 3.73
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Party of America
| candidate = Elmer Whitmore
| votes = 220
| percentage = 0.37
| change = -0.69%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Gordon Owens
| votes = 32
| percentage = 0.05
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 59768
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1926 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Martin B. Madden]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 26559
| percentage = 68.20
| change = -4.85%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = James F. Doyle
| votes = 12,283
| percentage = 31.54
| change = +8.75%
}}
{{Election box candidate
| party = [[Progressive Party (United States, 1924–1934)|Progressive]]
| candidate = G. Victor Cools
| votes = 101
| percentage = 0.26
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 38943
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1928 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar DePriest]]
| votes = 24479
| percentage = 47.79
| change = -20.41%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Harry Baker
| votes = 20,664
| percentage = 40.34
| change = +8.80%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = William Harrison
| votes = 5,861
| percentage = 11.44
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Benjamin W. Clayton
| votes = 123
| percentage = 0.24
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Edward L. Doty
| votes = 100
| percentage = 0.20
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 51227
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1930 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar DePriest]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 23719
| percentage = 58.36
| change = +10.57%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Harry Baker
| votes = 16,747
| percentage = 41.21
| change = +0.87%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = George W. Harts
| votes = 68
| percentage = 0.17
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = T. W. Chavers
| votes = 64
| percentage = 0.16
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Edward Turner
| votes = 44
| percentage = 0.11
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 40642
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1932–1940===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1932 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar DePriest]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 33672
| percentage = 54.77
| change = -3.59%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = Harry Baker
| votes = 26,959
| percentage = 43.85
| change = +2.64%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Herbert Newton
| votes = 843
| percentage = 1.37
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 61474
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1934 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Arthur Wergs Mitchell|Arthur W. Mitchell]]
| votes = 27963
| percentage = 52.97
| change = +9.12%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar DePriest]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 24,829
| percentage = 47.03
| change = -7.74%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 52792
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1936 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Arthur Wergs Mitchell|Arthur W. Mitchell]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 35376
| percentage = 55.10
| change = +2.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Oscar Stanton De Priest|Oscar DePriest]]
| votes = 28,640
| percentage = 44.61
| change = -2.42%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Independent politician
| candidate = Harry Haywood
| votes = 192
| percentage = 0.30
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 64208
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1938 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Arthur Wergs Mitchell|Arthur W. Mitchell]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 30207
| percentage = 53.37
| change = -1.73%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]]
| votes = 26,396
| percentage = 46.63
| change = +2.02%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 56603
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1940 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Arthur Wergs Mitchell|Arthur W. Mitchell]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 34641
| percentage = 53.02
| change = -0.35%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William E. King]]
| votes = 30,698
| percentage = 46.98
| change = +0.35%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 65339
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1942–1950===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1942 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]]
| votes = 26280
| percentage = 52.75
| change = -0.27%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William E. King]]
| votes = 23,537
| percentage = 47.25
| change = +0.27%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 49817
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1944 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 42713
| percentage = 61.98
| change = +9.23%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William E. King]]
| votes = 26,204
| percentage = 38.02
| change = -9.23%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 68917
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1946 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 38040
| percentage = 56.79
| change = -5.19%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William E. King]]
| votes = 28,945
| percentage = 43.21
| change = +5.19%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 66985
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1948 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 98690
| percentage = 66.96
| change = +10.17%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William E. King]]
| votes = 43,034
| percentage = 29.20
| change = -14.01%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
| candidate = [[Earl B. Dickerson]]
| votes = 5,669
| percentage = 3.85
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 147393
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1950 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 69506
| percentage = 61.74
| change = -5.22%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Archibald Carey Jr.|Archibald James Carey, Jr.]]
| votes = 41,944
| percentage = 37.26
| change = +8.06%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Progressive Party (United States, 1948)
| candidate = Samuel J. Parks
| votes = 1,135
| percentage = 1.01
| change = -2.84%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 112585
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1952–1960===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1952 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 95899
| percentage = 73.50
| change = +11.76%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Edgar George Brown|Edgar G. Brown]]
| votes = 34,571
| percentage = 26.50
| change = -10.76%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 130470
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1954 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 71472
| percentage = 75.28
| change = +1.78%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Genoa S. Washington]]
| votes = 23,470
| percentage = 24.72
| change = -1.78%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 94942
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1956 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 66704
| percentage = 64.42
| change = -10.86%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = George W. Lawrence
| votes = 36,847
| percentage = 35.58
| change = +10.86%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 103551
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1958 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 60778
| percentage = 72.22
| change = +7.80%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[T. R. M. Howard|Dr. Theodore R. M. Howard]]
| votes = 23,384
| percentage = 27.78
| change = -7.80%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 84162
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1960 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 75938
| percentage = 77.81
| change = +5.59%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Genoa S. Washington]]
| votes = 21,660
| percentage = 22.19
| change = -5.59%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 97598
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1962–1970===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1962 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 98305
| percentage = 74.09
| change = -3.72%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Benjamin C. Duster
| votes = 34,379
| percentage = 25.91
| change = +3.72%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 132684
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1964 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 150953
| percentage = 84.91
| change = +10.82%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Wilbur N. Daniel
| votes = 26,823
| percentage = 15.09
| change = -10.82%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 177776
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1966 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = William L. Dawson ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 91119
| percentage = 72.58
| change = -12.33%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = David R. Reed
| votes = 34,421
| percentage = 27.42
| change = +12.33%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 125540
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1968 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[William L. Dawson (politician)|William L. Dawson]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 119207
| percentage = 84.56
| change = +11.98%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Janet Roberts Jennings
| votes = 21,758
| percentage = 15.44
| change = -11.98%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 140965
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1970 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Ralph Metcalfe|Ralph H. Metcalfe]]
| votes = 93272
| percentage = 90.96
| change = +6.40%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Janet Roberts Jennings
| votes = 9,267
| percentage = 9.04
| change = -6.40%
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 102539
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===1972–1980===
{{Election box begin
| title = 1972 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Ralph Metcalfe|Ralph H. Metcalfe]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 136755
| percentage = 91.39
| change = +0.43%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Louis H. Coggs
| votes = 12,877
| percentage = 8.61
| change = -0.43%
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link
| votes = 2
| percentage = 0.00
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 149634
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}
{{Election box begin
| title = 1974 Illinois's 1st congressional district general election<ref name=Results />
}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Ralph Metcalfe|Ralph H. Metcalfe]] ([[incumbent]])
| votes = 75206
| percentage = 93.74
| change = +2.35%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| candidate = Oscar H. Haynes
| votes = 4,399
| percentage = 5.48
| change = -3.13%
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link
| party = Socialist Workers Party (United States)
| candidate = [[Willie Mae Reid]]
| votes = 620
| percentage = 0.77
| change = N/A
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 80225
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2002===
{{Election box begin no change| title=Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2002)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  | candidate  = [[Bobby Rush]]*
  | votes      = 149,068
  | percentage = 81.17
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Republican Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Raymond G. Wardingley
  | votes      = 29,776
  | percentage = 16.21
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Libertarian Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Dorothy Tsatsos
  | votes      = 4,812
  | percentage = 2.62
}}
{{Election box total no change
  | votes      = 183,656
  | percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
  | percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing
  | winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2004===
{{Election box begin no change| title=Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2004)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  | candidate  = [[Bobby Rush]]*
  | votes      = 211,115
  | percentage = 84.82
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Republican Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Raymond G. Wardingley
  | votes      = 37,793
  | percentage = 15.18
}}
{{Election box total no change
  | votes      = 248,908
  | percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
  | percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing
  | winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2006===
{{Election box begin no change| title=Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2006)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  | candidate  = [[Bobby Rush]]*
  | votes      = 146,623
  | percentage = 84.06
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Republican Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Jason E. Tabour
  | votes      = 27,804
  | percentage = 15.94
}}
{{Election box total no change
  | votes      = 174,427
  | percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
  | percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing
  | winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2008===
{{Election box begin no change| title=Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2008)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  | candidate  = [[Bobby Rush]]*
  | votes      = 233,036
  | percentage = 85.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Republican Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Antoine Members
  | votes      = 38,361
  | percentage = 14.13
}}
{{Election box total no change
  | votes      = 271,397
  | percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
  | percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing
  | winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2010===
{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois, 2010}}
{{Election box begin no change| title=Illinois's 1st Congressional District Election (2010)}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Democratic Party (United States)
  | candidate  = [[Bobby Rush]]*
  | votes      = 148,170
  | percentage = 80.36
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Republican Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Raymond G. Wardingley
  | votes      = 29,253
  | percentage = 15.87
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
  | party      = Green Party (United States)
  | candidate  = Jeff Adams
  | votes      = 6,963
  | percentage = 3.78
}}
{{Election box total no change
  | votes      = 184,386
  | percentage = 100.00
}}
{{Election box turnout no change
  | percentage =
}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing
  | winner    = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

===2012===
{{main|United States House of Representatives elections in Illinois, 2012}}{{Election box begin no change|title=Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2012 <ref name="genelex">{{cite web|title=2012 General Election Official Vote Totals|url=http://www.elections.il.gov/Downloads/ElectionInformation/VoteTotals/2012GEOfficialVote.pdf|publisher=Illinois State Board of Elections|access-date=March 26, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131119063113/http://www.elections.il.gov/Downloads/ElectionInformation/VoteTotals/2012GEOfficialVote.pdf|archive-date=November 19, 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Bobby Rush]] (incumbent)|votes=236,854|percentage=73.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Donald Peloquin|votes=83,989|percentage=26.2}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Independent (United States)|candidate=John Hawkins (write-in)|votes=1|percentage=0.0}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=320,844|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box hold with party link without swing|winner=Democratic Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2014 ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2014<ref name="Generalelection">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=XEXru5CD3O8%3d|title=Illinois General Election 2014|publisher=Illinois State Board of Elections|date=2014-11-04 |access-date=2014-12-18}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Bobby Rush]] (incumbent)|votes=162,268|percentage=73.1}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Jimmy Lee Tillman|votes=59,749|percentage=26.9}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=222,017|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Democratic Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2016 ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2016 <ref name="Generalelection(1)">{{cite web |url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=vlS7uG8NT%2f0%3d |title=Illinois General Election 2016 |publisher=Illinois State Board of Elections |date=2016-11-08 |access-date=2016-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327204831/https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionResults.aspx?ID=vlS7uG8NT%2f0%3d |archive-date=March 27, 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|party=Democratic Party (United States)|candidate=[[Bobby Rush]] (incumbent)|votes=234,037|percentage=74.1}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=August Deuser|votes=81,817|percentage=25.9}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|party=Independent (United States)|candidate=Tabitha Carson (write-in)|votes=8|percentage=0.0}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=315,862|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Democratic Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2018 ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2018<ref name="Generalresults">{{cite web |title=2018 General Election Official Vote Totals Book |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/489559144/2018GEOfficialVote-637451006001092261}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change|candidate=[[Bobby Rush]] (incumbent)|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=189,560|percentage=73.5}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Jimmy Lee Tillman, II|party=Republican Party (United States)|votes=50,960|percentage=19.8}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change|candidate=Thomas Rudbeck|party=Independent (United States)|votes=17,365|percentage=6.7}}
{{Election box total no change|votes=257,885|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change|winner=Democratic Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2020 ===
{{Election box begin|title=Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2020<ref name=ILSBE>{{Cite web|url=https://www.elections.il.gov/ElectionOperations/ElectionVoteTotals.aspx?T=637426660109955406|title=Election Results 2020 GENERAL ELECTION|date=2020-12-04|access-date=2020-12-04|publisher=[[Illinois State Board of Elections]]}}</ref><ref name=STGeneral>{{Cite news|title=Illinois 2020 Election Results|url=https://elections.suntimes.com/results/2020/|date=November 20, 2020|access-date=November 20, 2020|work=[[Chicago Sun-Times]]}}</ref>}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link|candidate=[[Bobby Rush]] ([[incumbent]])|party=Democratic Party (United States)|votes=239,943|percentage=73.80|change=+0.29%}}
{{Election box candidate with party link|party=Republican Party (United States)|candidate=Philanise White|votes=85,027|percentage=26.15|change=+6.39%}}
{{Election box write-in with party link|votes=153|percentage=0.05|change=N/A}}
{{Election box total|votes=325,123|percentage=100.0}}
{{Election box hold with party link no swing|winner=Democratic Party (United States)}}
{{Election box end}}

=== 2022 ===
{{Election box begin no change|title=Illinois's 1st congressional district, 2022}}
{{Election box winning candidate with party link no change
| candidate = [[Jonathan Jackson (Illinois politician)|Jonathan Jackson]] 
| party = Democratic Party (United States)
| votes = 159142
| percentage = 67.03
}}
{{Election box candidate with party link no change
| candidate = Eric Carlson
| party = Republican Party (United States)
| votes = 78,258
| percentage = 32.96
}}
{{Election box write-in with party link no change
| votes = 25
| percentage = 0.01
}}
{{Election box total no change
| votes = 237,425
| percentage = 100.0
}}
{{Election box hold with party link no change
| winner = Democratic Party (United States)
}}
{{Election box end}}

==See also==
{{Portal|United States|Illinois|Chicago}}
*[[Illinois's congressional districts]]
*[[List of United States congressional districts]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
*[http://projects.washingtonpost.com/elections/keyraces/census/il/district-1/ ''Washington Post'' page on the 1st District of Illinois]
*{{cite web|url= https://www.census.gov/prod/2004pubs/03statab/congdist.pdf |title=Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2003 }}&nbsp;{{small|(163&nbsp;[[Kibibyte|KiB]])}} – Congressional District Profiles, U.S. Census Bureau
*{{cite web|url= http://www2.census.gov/geo/maps/cong_dist/cd108_named/ind_pdf/IL_CD01n.pdf |title=U.S. Census Bureau – 1st District map }}&nbsp;{{small|(1.47&nbsp;[[Mebibyte|MiB]])}}
*[http://fastfacts.census.gov/servlet/CWSFacts?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=50000US1701&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US17%7C50000US1711&_street=&_county=&_cd=50000US1701&_cityTown=&_state=04000US17&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=500&_content=&_keyword=&_industry= U.S. Census Bureau – 1st District Fact Sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080929172916/http://fastfacts.census.gov/servlet/CWSFacts?_event=ChangeGeoContext&geo_id=50000US1701&_geoContext=01000US%7C04000US17%7C50000US1711&_street=&_county=&_cd=50000US1701&_cityTown=&_state=04000US17&_zip=&_lang=en&_sse=on&ActiveGeoDiv=&_useEV=&pctxt=fph&pgsl=500&_content=&_keyword=&_industry= |date=September 29, 2008 }}

{{S-start}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Texas's 17th congressional district]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Home district of the [[president of the United States]]|years=January 20, 2009 – January 20, 2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[New York's 12th congressional district]]}}
{{S-end}}

{{USCongDistStateIL}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Coord|41|32|42|N|87|50|09|W|region:US_type:city_source:kolossus-eswiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Congressional districts of Illinois|01]]
[[Category:Government of Cook County, Illinois|Congress 01]]
[[Category:Constituencies established in 1833]]
[[Category:1833 establishments in Illinois]]