Improper flaps

Improper flaps is a situation in aviation where the flaps, which are aerodynamic devices on the wings of an aircraft used to increase lift during takeoff and landing, are not set correctly for the phase of flight. Flaps can be extended to different positions depending on the speed, configuration, and other factors of the aircraft during various stages of flight. When flaps are not set correctly, it can result in compromised aerodynamic performance, leading to potential safety issues.

Improper flaps configuration can occur for several reasons, including human error, mechanical failure, or inadequate training. Pilots are responsible for configuring the flaps according to the manufacturer's guidelines and the specific requirements of the flight. Failure to do so can affect the aircraft's ability to generate lift, control speed, and maintain stability during critical phases of flight such as takeoff and landing.

During takeoff, improper flaps configuration can result in longer takeoff distances, reduced climb performance, and increased risk of stalling. Similarly, during landing, incorrect flap settings can lead to higher approach speeds, longer landing distances, and difficulty in controlling the aircraft's descent rate.

To mitigate the risks associated with improper flaps configuration, pilots undergo extensive training on aircraft systems and procedures, including flap operations. Airlines also implement standard operating procedures and safety protocols to ensure that flaps are set correctly before takeoff and landing. Additionally, modern aircraft are equipped with warning systems and cockpit indicators to alert pilots if the flaps are not configured properly.

In 2008, Spanair Flight 5022 crashed just after take-off with the flaps and slats retracted, which constituted an improper configuration, and safeguards that should have prevented the crash failed to do so.