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Indonesian Railways Class E10

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Indonesian Railways class E10
E1016 at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII)'s Transportation Museum.
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
Builder
Serial numberE10/SSS 100
Build date1922-1928
1964
Total produced39
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte0-10-0RT
 • AARE
 • UICEt
Gauge1,067 mm (3 ft 6 in)
Wheel diameter1,000 mm (3 ft 3 in)
Length10,224 mm (33 ft 6.5 in)
Width2,506 mm (8 ft 2.7 in)
Height3,500 mm (11 ft 6 in)
Fuel type
  • Coal
  • Wood
Cylinder size450 mm × 520 mm (18 in × 20 in)
Performance figures
Power output500 hp (370 kW)
Career
LocaleWest Sumatra
Current ownerPT Kereta Api Indonesia

The E10 class are a class of 0-10-0RT steam locomotives built by Maschinenfabrik Esslingen, Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works, and Nippon Sharyo, once commonplace on West Sumatra hauling both passenger and freight trains on the rack railway between Sawahlunto and Padang. They were nicknamed "Mak Itam", derived from the Minangkabau phrase "black uncle".[1]

These locomotives were capable of hauling coal trains up to 130 tons, and had four cylinders, with two of them being used to drive the rack gears.[2]

History

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Background and service history

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To increase coal traffic from Ombilin, the Staatsspoorwegen ter Sumatra's Westkust (SSS) decided to replace their older locomotives that could not handle the increasignly heavier trains: larger locomotives were chosen because they can handle steeper gradients and had greater pulling power, thus allowing longer trains. The first batch of E10s, numbered SSS 104–125, were supplied by Esslingen in Germany, and by the SLM in Switzerland. In total, there were 22 locomotives, with SSS 104–112 and 119–121 being built by the SLM, and the rest by Esslingen. They were delivered in stages in 1921, 1926, and 1928.[2][3] Another locomotive class that were placed in the SSS 1xx series were three D18 locomotives.[citation needed]

After independence, an additional 17 locomotives forming a second batch of E10s built to similar technical specifications were ordered, thus increasing the amount of E10 locomotives to 39. Ten were built by Esslingen, while in 1967, the remaining seven were manufactured by Nippon Sharyo; they were considered[by whom?] to be the last steam locomotives built by the Japanese manufacturer. Until the mid-1980s, the E10s were used for both passenger and freight trains.[4]

Due to differing technical specifications between the two batches of E10s, the locomotives forming the second batch of E10s were numbered E1051–67, skipping E1026–50 in the numbering sequence.[3]

Retirement and preservation

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Locomotive E1060 on the Jambu–Ambarawa–Tuntang railway line, 2008
Locomotive E1060 at the Ambarawa Railway Museum depot, 2008

Beginning in 1984, the SLM delivered the BB204 diesel locomotives to the Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA), allowing the aging E10 class to be retired. In 1988, an E10, E1060, was taken to the Ambarawa Railway Museum for preservation: while at Ambarawa, E1060's rack gears were found to be incompatible with the Jambu to Bedono rack section of the Ambarawa railway—which was designed for the B25, the locomotives that originally ran that railway.[2] Another locomotive, number E1016 of the first batch of E10s, was put on display at the Transportation Museum in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah.

To promote the Sawahlunto Rail and Train Museum that had opened on 17 December 2005,[5] the Sawahlunto City Government requested PT Kereta Api to return E1060 to West Sumatra. The arrangement was completed on 3 December 2007.[6]

On 21 February 2009, the Mak Itam train commenced operations, alongside the Danau Singkarak tourist train. The Mak Itam ran on the Sawahlunto to Muarakalaban section, while the Danau Singkarak ran the Sawahlunto to Padangpanjang section.[7]

During preservation, E1060 was once chartered for the annual Tour de Singkarak 2012 cycling event. For this occasion, the locomotive hauled a train consisting of six passenger carriages, with one cream and green liveried carriage from the Mak Itam, and the five remaining carriages that were usually used for the Danau Singkarak tourist train.[8][9][10]

By 2016, E1060 had been rendered inoperable from damage to its water heater pipe.[11] Attempts were made by the Sawahlunto Museum to return the relatively young locomotive into working order by fabricating their own spare parts, as the Esslingen factory has long been closed.[12]

To keep the Mak Itam running on a regular basis, a replica of E1060 was built in September 2018.[13] This replica measured 4 m long, 1.5 m wide, and uses a four-wheel engine from a Toyota Dyna truck.[14]

In 2022, E1060 was placed back in operation to haul the Mak Itam tourist train, assisted by a BB303 diesel locomotive stationed in Sawahlunto, in case if E1060 fails. The tourist train fare is approximately 54,000 rupiah per person.[as of?][This paragraph needs citation(s)]

See also

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  • One of the SSS 100 (E10) locomotives in Padang, 1947
  • An E10 locomotive pulling a mixed train stopped in the Bukittinggi-Singkarak area, 1971
  • E1016 at the Transportation Museum, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII), 2002

References

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  1. ^ Bagus Prayogo, Yoga; Yohanes Sapto, Prabowo; Radityo, Diaz (2017). Kereta Api di Indonesia. Sejarah Lokomotif di Indonesia. Yogyakarta: Jogja Bangkit Publisher. p. 105. ISBN 978-602-0818-55-9.
  2. ^ a b c "Lokomotif E10". Heritage Kereta Api Indonesia (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 4 August 2018. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  3. ^ a b "Steam Locomotive Roster, Page 1". keretapi.tripod.com. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  4. ^ Kautzor, 2010 Continental Railway Journal. #163[full citation needed]
  5. ^ "Museum Kereta Api Sawahlunto - Heritage KAI". heritage.kai.id. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  6. ^ Poerwanto, Endy. "Jadi Lokomotif Pariwisata, Jalur KA Mak Itam Diaktifkan – Portal Berita Bisnis Wisata" (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  7. ^ "Mak Itam dan KA Wisata Resmi Beroperasi di Sumbar". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  8. ^ BeritaSatu.com. "Peserta Tour de Singkarak akan Naik "Mak Itam" ke Sawahlunto". beritasatu.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  9. ^ Farhan, Afif. "Kereta Mak Itam, Siap Sambut Peserta Tour de Singkarak 2012". detikcom (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  10. ^ Asdhiana, I Made (ed.). "Mak Itam Tak Lagi Menjerit..." Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  11. ^ Asdhiana, I Made (ed.). "Lokomotif Uap Mak Itam Segera Beroperasi Lagi". Kompas.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  12. ^ Saleh, Yudhistira Amran. "Menyelamatkan Lokomotif 'Mak Itam', Ganti Onderdil Rusak dengan 'Jeroan' Handmade". detikcom. Retrieved 2019-08-02.
  13. ^ langkan. "Sawahlunto Hadirkan Replika Lokomotif Mak Itam dari Mesin Diesel". Kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2019-07-23.
  14. ^ "Operasikan Replika 'Mak Itam', Jalur dan Lubang Kalam Direvitalisasi". www.harianhaluan.com. Archived from the original on 2019-07-23. Retrieved 2019-07-23.
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