Iphis (mythology)
Iphis (Ἶφις) (English: /ˈaɪfɪs/ EYE-fiss or /ˈɪfɪs/ IF-fiss, Greek pronunciation: [íi.pʰis]) was a name attributed to eight individuals in Greek mythology.
Female bearers
The feminine name Iphis (Ἶφις Îphis, gen. Ἴφιδος Ī́phidos) refers to the following personages.
Daughter of Ligdus
According to the Roman poet Ovid's Metamorphoses, Iphis (or Iphys) was the daughter of Telethusa and Ligdus in Crete. Ligdus and Telethusa were a poor couple who could not afford a dowry if their unborn child was born a girl. Ligdus was forced to come to the conclusion that they had to kill his wife's child if it wasn't a boy. Telethusa despaired, but was visited in the middle of the night by the Egyptian goddess Isis, attended by Anubis, Bubastis and Apis, who advised her to accept whatever was going to happen after the child's birth, guaranteeing assistance to the woman. When Telethusa gave birth to a girl, she concealed her daughter's sex from her husband and raised her daughter as a boy. Ligdus named the daughter, who he believed was a son, Iphis after his own father (the child's grandfather), and Telethusa was glad to have her named that as the gender-neutral name would fit in any case. As Iphis reached the age of adolescence, Ligdus, still unaware of the truth, arranged for his "son" to marry the beautiful Ianthe, daughter of Telestes. Naturally, Ianthe didn't know the truth either and so she fell in love with Iphis, taking her for a man like everyone else did. Iphis too fell deeply in love with Ianthe, and prayed to Juno to help her out of the tricky situation of the upcoming marriage with Ianthe being desired but impossible because of Iphis' true sex. One day before the wedding, the deeply concerned Telethusa brought Iphis to the temple of Isis and prayed to the goddess to help her daughter. Isis responded by transforming Iphis into a man. The male Iphis married Ianthe and the two lived happily ever after, their marriage being presided over by Juno, Venus, and Hymenaios, the god of marriage.[1]
The story of Iphis is similar to that of Leucippus from Phaestus, Crete, and could be a variant thereof.
The 17th-century publisher Humphrey Moseley once claimed to possess a manuscript of a play based on the Iphis and Ianthe story, by William Shakespeare. Scholars have treated the claim with intense skepticism; the play has not survived.[citation needed]
Mistress of Patroclus
As recounted in Homer's Iliad, Iphis was the mistress of Patroclus, Achilles' companion-in-arms. A native of Scyros, she had been enslaved by Achilles when the latter conquered her home island, and given by him to Patroclus.[2] Pausanias describes a painting of Iphis, Diomede and Briseis admiring Helen's beauty as the latter has been brought back to the Greek camp from the sacked Troy.[3]
Other characters
- Iphis, one of the daughters of Thespius and Megamede. She bore Heracles a son, Celeustanor.[4]
- Iphis, daughter of Peneus, mother of Salmoneus by Aeolus the son of Hellen.[5]
- Iphis, variant for Iphigenia or Iphianassa.[6][7]
Male bearers
The masculine name Iphis (Ἶφις Îphis, gen. Ἴφιος Ī́phios) refers to the following personages.
Cypriot shepherd
In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Iphis was a Cypriot shepherd who loved a woman named Anaxarete. Anaxarete scorned him and Iphis killed himself in despair. Because Anaxarete was still unmoved, Aphrodite changed her to stone.[8]
King of Argos
Iphis, son of Alector, was one of the kings in Argos. Polynices came to him for advice on how to get Amphiaraus to join the Seven Against Thebes. He advised him to give Eriphyle the necklace of Harmonia. He was the father of Eteoclus and Evadne, wife of Capaneus.[9] He left his kingdom to his grandson Sthenelus, the son of his son-in-law Capaneus.[10]
Other characters
- Iphis, one of the Argonauts, son of Sthenelus and brother of Eurystheus, from Argos. He was killed in battle in Colchis by Aeetes.[11][12]
- Iphis, a Theban warrior, one of the defenders against the Seven Against Thebes. He was killed by Acamas.[13]
- Iphis, father of Ligdus (see above).[14]
Modern literature
Ali Smith's 2007 novel Girl Meets Boy is based on Ovid's story of Iphis and Ianthe, and is part of the Canongate Myth Series.
References
- ^ Ovid. Metamorphoses, 9. 666-797.
- ^ Homer, The Iliad, 9. 667
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece, 10. 25. 4
- ^ Apollodorus, The Library, 2.7.8
- ^ Hellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium, 208 (p. 376)
- ^ Tzetzes on Lycophron, 323 - 324
- ^ Etymologicum Magnum s. v. Amphis
- ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses, Book 14, 802.
- ^ Apollodorus, The Library, 3.6.2; 3.6.3; 3.7.1
- ^ Pausanias, Description of Greece. 2.18.5 [1]
- ^ Scholia on Apollonius Rhodius, Argonautica, 4. 223 & 228
- ^ Valerius Flaccus, Argonautica, 1. 41; 7.407 [2]
- ^ Statius, Thebaid, 8.447 [3]
- ^ Ovid, Metamorphoses, 9. 709
