J. Otto Schweizer
Jakob Otto Schweizer (March 27, 1863, Zurich - 1955) was a Swiss-American sculptor noted for his work on war memorials.
Biography
Born in Zurich, Switzerland, he enrolled in that city's Industrial Art School in 1879. In 1882, he entered the Royal Academy of Art in Dresden, Germany, and lived in Florence, Italy, 1889-94. He arrived in New York City in 1894, and settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the following year.[1]
He was a member of Philadelphia's German Society of Pennsylvania, and through its connections he obtained his first major commission, a bronze statue of General John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg (1910–11). He was also a Freemason.[2]
He created 7 sculptures for the Gettysburg Battlefield, more than any other artist. Among these was a larger-than-life statue of Abraham Lincoln for the Pennsylvania State Memorial. He modeled another Lincoln statue for the Memorial Room at the Union League of Philadelphia, and flanked it with 8 portrait reliefs of Union officers.[3] His only equestrian statue, Baron von Steuben (1921), is in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He modeled dozens of busts, bas-reliefs and medalions,[4] and exhibited at the 1916 continuation of the Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California.[5]
His All Wars Memorial to Colored Soldiers and Sailors (1934), originally placed in Fairmount Park, is now in Philadelphia's Logan Square.
Selected works
- Civil War Monument (1909), Colorado State Capitol, Denver, Colorado, with Captain John D. Howland.[6]
- Statue of General John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg (1910–11), Philadelphia Museum of Art Sculpture Garden, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[7]
- Statue of Baron von Steuben (1912–14), Utica, New York. A 1915 replica of this with bas-relief is at Valley Forge National Historical Park.[8]
- Bust of Joseph Johns (1913), Central Park, Johnstown, Pennsylvania.[9]
- Monument to Confederate Women (1913), Arkansas State Capitol, Little Rock, Arkansas.[10]
- James Bartram Nicholson (1913), Mount Peace Cemetery, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Relief bust of General John P. Taylor (1914), Church Hill Cemetery, Reedsville, Pennsylvania.
- Molly Pitcher Monument (1916), Old Graveyard, Carlisle, Pennsylvania.[11]
- Reverend Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Monument (1917), Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Statue of President James A. Garfield (1918), Long Branch, New Jersey.[12]
- Statue of Senator George T. Oliver (19__), Rotunda, Pennsylvania State Capitol, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.[13]
- Statue of General Thomas J. Stewart (19__), Rotunda, Pennsylvania State Capitol, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
- Fort Stevens Monument and Marker (1920), Fort Stevens, Washington, DC.
- Equestrian statue of Baron von Steuben (1921), Washington Park, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.[14]
- American Eagle (World War I Memorial) (1923), Chelten Square, E. Chelten Ave. & Wister St., Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.[15]
- Lily Pond Railing (surrounding George Frampton's Peter Pan statue) (1930), Johnson Park, Camden, New Jersey.[16]
- All Wars Memorial to Colored Soldiers and Sailors (1934), Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Moved from West Fairmount Park.[17]
- The Last Supper (1940s?), Mount Hope Cemetery, Topeka, Kansas.[18]
- The Last Supper (1944), Scranton Cultural Center at the Masonic Temple, Scranton, Pennsylvania.[19]
Gettysburg Battlefield
- President Abraham Lincoln (1913), Pennsylvania State Memorial.
- General David McMurtrie Gregg (1913), Pennsylvania State Memorial.
- General Alfred Pleasonton (1913), Pennsylvania State Memorial.
- General William Wells (1914), South Confederate Avenue. Another casting (1914)of this is at Battery Park, Burlington, Vermont.
- General John Geary (c. 1914), Culp's Hill.
- General Alexander Hays (c. 1914), Ziegler's Grove.
- General Andrew A. Humphreys (1919), Emmitsburg Road.
Union League of Philadelphia
- President Abraham Lincoln (1915–17).
- Relief bust of General George Gordon Meade (1914–17).
- Relief bust of General William T. Sherman (1914–17).
- Relief bust of General George H. Thomas (1914–17).
- Relief bust of Admiral David G. Farragut (1914–17).
- Relief bust of General Ulysses S. Grant (1914–17).
- Relief bust of General Phillip H. Sheridan (1914–17).
- Relief bust of General Winfield S. Hancock (1914–17).
- Relief bust of General David McMurtrie Gregg (1914–17).
Gallery
-
Civil War Memorial (1909), Colorado State Capitol, Denver, CO, with Captain John D. Howland. -
General John Peter Gabriel Muhlenberg (1910–11), Philadelphia Museum of Art Sculpture Garden, Philadelphia, PA. -
Monument to Confederate Women (1913), Arkansas State Capitol, Little Rock, AR. -
President Abraham Lincoln (1913), Pennsylvania State Memorial, Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, PA. -
Major General William Wells (1914), Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, PA. A replica is at Battery Park, Burlington, VT. -
General Alexander Hays (c. 1914), Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, PA. -
Baron von Steuben (1915), Valley Forge National Historical Park, Valley Forge, PA. -
Pedestal bas-relief, Baron von Steuben statue (1915), Valley Forge National Historical Park. -
Model for a memorial to Francis Daniel Pastorius (before 1916, unbuilt). -
Reverend Henry Melchior Muhlenberg Monument (1917), Lutheran Theological Seminary, Philadelphia, PA. -
General Andrew A. Humphreys (1919), Gettysburg Battlefield, Gettysburg, PA. -
Bas-relief: Lincoln under Fire at Fort Stevens, July 12, 1864 (1920), Fort Stevens, Washington, DC.
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References
- Ernst Jockers, J. Otto Schweizer: The Man and His Work, (Philadelphia: International Printing Company, 1953).
- ^ National Park Service biography from Valley Forge National Historical Park.
- ^ Famous Masons (under sculptors)
- ^ "John [sic] Otto Schweizer 1863-1955," in Maxwell Whiteman, Paintings and Sculpture at The Union League of Philadelphia (The Union League of Philadelphia, 1978), p. 115.
- ^ 1917 Alexander the Great medalion
- ^ Illustrated Catalogue
- ^ Civil War Monument
- ^ Peter Muhlenberg from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ Rudolf Cronau, German Achievements in America (New York, 1916).
- ^ Joseph Johns from Flickr.
- ^ Confederate Women from waymarking.com
- ^ Molly Pitcher Monument from Flickr.
- ^ President Garfield from Flickr.
- ^ Senator Oliver from Flickr.
- ^ Equestrian statue from photographersdirect.com
- ^ model of American Eagle from ArtNet.
- ^ Lily Pond Railing from geocaching.com
- ^ All Wars Memorial from Philadelphia Public Art.
- ^ The Last Supper
- ^ [1]
