James Intercisus
James the Mutilated | |
|---|---|
.jpg) Mural depicting St. Intercisus at the Byzantine and Christian Museum of Athens, Greece | |
| Martyr | |
| Born | Beth Huzaye (Persia) |
| Died | 27 November 420[1] Beth Lapat (Persia) |
| Venerated in | East Syriac Christianity Eastern Orthodox Church Catholic Church Oriental Orthodoxy |
| Major shrine | Braga, Portugal |
| Feast | 27 November 27 Hathor (Coptic Christianity)[2] |
James Intercisus (Latin: Jacobus Intercisus; born in Beth Huzaye, died 27th November 420 AD in Beth Lapat), commonly known as Mor Yaqoub M’Pasqo Sahada (Syriac: ܡܪ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܡܦܣܩܐ ܣܗܕܐ, romanized: Mor Yaqōb M'pasqō Saḥāda), also called James the Mutilated or James the Persian, was a Persian[3] Christian saint born in Ancient Iran. His Latin epithet, Intercisus (or Pasqo in Syriac), is derived from the word for "cut into pieces," which refers to the manner of his martyrdom. His death, along with the persecution of other Christians in the Sasanid Empire, started the Roman-Sassanid War (421-422).
Life
[edit]Tradition states that he was a military officer and courtier to Yazdegerd I who had apostatized after this ruler began to persecute Christians. Under the influence of his Christian family, however, he expressed his faith to Yazdegerd's successor, Bahram V, leading to his execution.[4]
Death
[edit]He was killed in Beth Lapat (Gundishapur). The ruins of this city are near Dezful, Iran.
At his execution, he survived the loss of limbs until he was beheaded. His followers requested to receive his remains as relics, but this request was denied; according to some they went on to steal them,[5] after which they were sent to the Portuguese cathedral of Braga and put into a sarcophagus in the Relics Chapel.
Legend
[edit]James' story is recounted in The Golden Legend.
According to Katherine Rabenstein, he may be a composite character of James of Beit (who, having renounced Christianity under Yazdegerd, was shamed by his parents and changed his mind, becoming a martyr under the persecution of Bahram); Mar Peros (similarly shamed by his parents and martyred in 448); and James of Karka (a 20-year-old notary to Bahram, tortured alongside many others after casually remarking that he'd rather be cut into pieces than renounce God).[5]
Relics, churches and monasteries
[edit].jpg)
Guillermus Ludovicus, bishop of Salpi, gifted to the abbey of St Paul in Cormery, the place where he had been a monk, several relics, including the head of James, on July 19, 1103.[6]
A piece of bone from the finger of James the Mutilated (Yakob M'phasko Sahada) is kept in a golden casket in the holy cross (kurishupalli) dedicated to the saint in the Orthodox Syrian Old Church of St Peter & Paul in Pengamuck, Kerala, India. It was dedicated by Gregorios Geevargese (Parumala Thirumeni) and metropolitan Dionysious Joseph (Pulikkottil II), a native of Pengamuck, who had received the bone at his consecration as metropolitan by the patriarch of Antioch Ignatius Yakoob II.
Several churches and monasteries are dedicated to Saint James:
- Church of St. James Intercisus in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem[7]
- Church of Saint Jacob Intercisus (ܥܕܬܐ ܕܡܪܝ ܝܥܩܘܒ ܡܦܣܩܐ Syriac: ‘ēdtā dmār ya’qōḇ mpassqā) in Tesqopa, Iraq[8]
- Monastery of St. James the Persian in Sireți, Strășeni Moldova
- Monastery of St. James the Persian in Deddeh, Lebanon
- Monastery of St James the Mutilated in Qara, Syria
References
[edit]- ^ Shephard, Jonathan (2005). Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie: Beiträge zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur Volumen 7 de Mainzer Veröffentlichungen zur Byzantinistik. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 302. ISBN 9783447051705. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ "Hator 27 : Lives of Saints : Synaxarium - CopticChurch.net".
- ^ Alock, Anthony. "James the Persian". academia.edu. Academia.
- ^ John J. Delaney, Dictionary of saints, (Image, 2005), 323.
- ^ a b Rabenstein, Katherine I. (1998). "saintpatrickdc.org". St. Patrick Catholic Church. Archived from the original on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 19 March 2020.
- ^ Shephard, Jonathan (2005). Zwischen Polis, Provinz und Peripherie: Beiträge zur byzantinischen Geschichte und Kultur Volumen 7 de Mainzer Veröffentlichungen zur Byzantinistik. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. pp. 306–311. ISBN 9783447051705. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
- ^ Adrian J. Boas, Jerusalem in the time of the Crusades, (Routledge, 2001), 128.
- ^ "Assyrian Roots". www.assyrianroots.com. Retrieved 2023-09-02.
External links
[edit]- (in Italian) San Giacomo l'Interciso (il Solitario) Martire in Persia
- The Holy Martyr James the Persian
- (in Romanian) Monastery of St. Jacob Persian
- Saint of the Day: November 27th - Saint James Intercisus (Butler's Lives of the Saints)
Bibliography
[edit]- Thieleman J. van Braght, Martyr's Mirror, 1660