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{{Other uses|Jhelum (disambiguation)}}
{{Coord|32|55|43|N|73|43|53|E|display=title}}
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'''Jhelum''' ([[Urdu]], {{lang-pa|{{Nastaliq|جہلم}}}}) (Greek: Alexandria Bucephalous) is a city on the right bank of the [[Jhelum River]], in the district of [[Jhelum District|the same name]] in the north of [[Punjab (Pakistani province)|Punjab]] province, Pakistan. Jhelum is known for providing a large number of soldiers to the [[British people|British]]<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/army.htm Globalsecurity - Dominated Recruitment]</ref> and later to the [[Pakistan armed forces]] due to which it is also known as '''city of soldiers''' or '''land of martyrs and warriors'''.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/7024719.stm BBC NEWS - City of Soldiers]</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xhDX0D-8qjc&feature=player_embedded Youtube Video - AAJ NEWS Report (City of martyrs and warriors)]</ref> Jhelum is a few miles upstream from the site of the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] between the armies of [[Alexander the Great]] and Raja [[King Porus|Porus]]. A city called Bucephala was founded nearby to commemorate the death of Alexander's horse, [[Bucephalus]]. Other notable sites nearby include the 16th century [[Rohtas Fort]], the [[Tilla Jogian]] complex of ancient temples, and the 16th-century [[Grand Trunk Road]] which passes through the city. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan the population of Jhelum was 145,647<ref name="pop">[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-172&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=442609372 World Gazetteer of population]</ref> and in 2010 its population is 174,679.<ref name="pop"/> The name of the city is derived from the words Jal (pure water) and Ham (snow), as the river that flows through the river originates in the Himalayas.<ref>[http://www.jhelumpolice.gov.pk/aboutjlm.html The District Jhelum]</ref> There are a number of industries in and around Jhelum city, including a tobacco factory, wood, marble, glass and flour mills.<ref>[http://www.tmajhelum.com/industry.html Tehsil Municipal Administration Jhelum - Industries of Jhelum.]</ref>

==Etymology==
[[Anjum Sultan Shahbaz]] recorded some stories of the name ''Jhelum'' in his book Tareekh-e-Jhelum as<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL23138105M/Tareekh-e-Jhelum Tareekh-e-Jhelum], page 92 by Anjum Sultan Shahbaz</ref>:
{{cquote|Many writers have different opinions about the name of ''Jhelum''. One suggestion is that in ancient days ''Jhelum'' was known as Jalham. The word Jhelum is reportedly derived from the words Jal(pure water) and Ham (snow). The name thus refers to the waters of a river (flowing besides the city) which have their origins in the snow-capped Himalayas.<ref>[http://www.jhelumpolice.gov.pk/aboutjlm.htm The District Jhelum]</ref>

However some writers believe that when "Dara-e-Azam" reached a certain place on the river bank after winning many battles, he fixed his flag at that place and called it "Ja-e-Alam" which means "Place of the Flag". With the passage of time it became ''Jhelum'' from "Ja-e-Alam".
[[File:Tareekh-e-Jhelum Book Cover.JPG|thumb|left|Tareekh-e-Jhelum book cover]]

According to tradition, Hazrat Saeed Bin Abi Waqas, brother of Hazrat Saad Bin Abi Waqas, was sent to China to preach Islam, during his journey he arrived at the city of ''Jhelum'', he saw the reflection of a city in the river and said "هذا جهيلم" (this is Jheelum), which means "City besides the river, in full moonlight"

[[Ahmed Shah Abdali]] also used "Jheelum" in place of ''Jhelum'' and "Harian" for [[Kharian]] in his diary.}}

{{cite book|first=Anjum Sultan|last=Shahbaz|authorlink=Anjum Sultan Shahbaz|title=Tareekh-e-Jhelum|publisher=Book Corner, Main Bazar, Jhelum|url=http://openlibrary.org/b/OL23138105M/Tareekh-e-Jhelum|series=history of Jhelum|date=September 2003|edition=2nd|page=92}}

==History==
{{Main|History of Jhelum}}
The [[Janjua]]s [[Rajput]]s and [[Jats]], who now hold the Salt Range and its northern plateau respectively, appear to have been the earliest inhabitants of Jhelum.<ref name="IGI">[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_158.gif Jhelum District Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 14, p. 152]</ref> The history of Jhelum dates back to the semi-mythical period of the [[Mahabharata]]. [[Hindu]] tradition represents the nearby [[Salt Range]] as the refuge of the five [[Pandava]] brothers during the period of their exile. The next major point in the history of the district was the [[Battle of the Hydaspes]] between [[Alexander the Great]] and the local ruler, [[King Porus|Porus]].
[[File:A Fort in Jhelum City.jpg|thumb|A Sikh-era fort in Jhelum City]]
The [[Gakhars]] appear to represent an early wave of conquerors from the west, and who still inhabit a large tract in the east of the district; while the [[Awan (Pakistan)|Awan]]s, who now cluster in the western plain, are apparently later invaders, the [[Gakhars]] were the dominant race during the early Muslim era and they long continued to retain their independence, both in Jhelum itself and in the neighbouring district of Rawalpindi.<ref name="IGI"/>

During the flourishing period of the Mughal dynasty, the Gakhar chieftains were among the most prosperous and loyal vassals of the house of [[Babur|Babar]], but after the collapse of the Mughal empire, Jhelum came under the rule of the Sikhs.<ref name="IGI"/>
[[File:An Old photo of Jhelum City.jpg|thumb|An old photo of Jhelum city]]
In 1765 Gujar Singh defeated the last independent Gakhar chief, Muqarrrab Khan, and subjugated the wild mountaineers of the Salt Range and the [[Murree Tehsil|Murree Hills]]. His son succeeded to his dominions until 1810, when it fell to [[Ranjit Singh]]. Under the rule of Ranjit Singh, the dominant classes of Jhelum suffered much from fiscal actions; and the Janjua, [[Gakhars]], and Awan families gradually lost their landed estates to their Jat dependents.<ref name="IGI"/>

In 1849 Jhelum passed with the rest of the Sikh territories to the British. Ranjit Singh, however, had so thoroughly subjugated the wild mountain tribes of the district that little difficulty was experienced in reducing it to working order. In 1857 the 14th Native Infantry stationed at Jhelum town mutinied, and made a vigorous defence against a force sent from Rawalpindi to disarm them, but decamped on the night following the action, with the main body being subsequently arrested by the Kashmiri authorities, into whose territory they had escaped.

During [[British Raj|British rule]] Jhelum was a district of [[Rawalpindi Division]], and was larger than the current district of Jhelum. On April 1, 1914, the tehsil of [[Talagang Tehsil|Talagang]] was detached from the district and incorporated with the new district of Attock. The old Jhelum district (minus Talagang) covered an area of {{convert|7285|km2|abbr=on}} and included Chakwal tehsil - it was bounded by [[Shahpur District|Shahpur]] and [[Attock District|Attock]] to the west, and by [[Rawalpindi District|Rawalpindi]] to the north - the [[Jhelum River]] separated it from [[Kashmir region|Kashmir]] to the north-east and from [[Gujrat District|Gujrat]] and Shahpur to the south-east and south.<ref name="IGI"/>

During British rule Jhelum was connected by the [[North-Western Railway]] to other cities in the Indian empire, 1,367 miles from [[Calcutta]], 1,413 from [[Bombay]], and 849 from [[Karachi]]. The population according to the 1901 census of India was 14,951.<ref name="IGI">[http://dsal.uchicago.edu/reference/gazetteer/pager.html?objectid=DS405.1.I34_V14_165.gif ''Imperial Gazetteer of India'', v. 14, p. 159-160]</ref>

According to the ''[[Imperial Gazetteer of India]]'':{{cquote|"The present town is of modern origin, the old town, which may have been the [[Alexandria Bucephalous|Bucephala of Alexander]] having been, on the left or opposite bank of the river. Under Sikh rule the place was quite unimportant, being mainly occupied by a settlement of boatmen, and at the time of annexation contained about 500 houses. It was then chosen as the site of a cantonment and as the head-quarters of the civil administration. For some years it was the seat of the Commissioner of the Division, but in 1859 his head-quarters were transferred to Rawalpindi. Under British rule Jhelum has steadily advanced in prosperity; and it is the entrepôt for most of the trade of the District, though, since the completion of the Sind-Sāgar branch of the [[North-Western Railway]]; the salt trade no longer passes through it. It is an important timber dépôt, the timber from the Kashmir forests which is floated down the river being collected here. A good deal of boat-building is carried on. The cantonment, which is 3 miles from the civil station, contains the church and post office. The normal strength of the garrison is one Native cavalry and four Native infantry regiments. The municipality was founded 1867. During the ten years ending 1902-3 the receipts averaged Rs. 32,100, and the expenditure Rs, 31,900. Receipts and expenditure from cantonment funds in the same period averaged Rs. 31,900 and Rs. 6,100 respectively. The chief income of the municipality in 1903-4 was Rs.34,200 chiefly from [[octroi]]; and the expenditure was Rs. 41,000. The town has two Anglo vernacular schools, a municipal high school, and a middle school maintained by the American Presbyterian Mission. Besides the civil hospital, the mission also maintains a hospital."<ref name="IGI"/>}}

[[Image:Lectern - Jhelum by Khalid Mahmood.jpg|thumb|120px|Marble [[Lectern]] in memory of 35 British soldiers]]
During the [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] 35 British soldiers of HM XXIV regiment were killed by the local resistance. A [[lectern]] inside [[St. John's Church Jhelum]] the church shows the names of those 35 soldiers. ''St. John's Church'' is located in [[Jhelum Cantonment]] beside the [[river Jhelum]]. It was built in 1860 and is a landmark of the city. It is a Protestant church and was in use during the British period. For forty years it remained closed. Now it has been renovated and opened and almost in good condition.

==Administration==
[[File:Jhelum River Bridge.JPG|thumb|220px|The River Jhelum below the bridge beside Jhelum City]]
As well as being district capital, Jhelum city is also the headquarters of [[Jhelum Tehsil]], the city of Jhelum is administratively subdivided into 7 [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union Councils]]<ref>[http://www.nrb.gov.pk/lg_election/union.asp?district=12&dn=Jhelum Tehsils & Unions in the District of Jhelum - Government of Pakistan]</ref>, namely Jhelum-I, Jhelum-II, Jhelum-III, Jhelum-IV, Jhelum-V, Jhelum-VI, Jhelum-VII, while [[Jhelum Tehsil]] is subdivided into [[Union Councils of Pakistan|Union Councils]] [[Badlot]], [[Boken, Punjab|Boken]], [[Chak Khasa]], [[Chotala]], [[Darapur]], [[Dhanyala]], Dina-I, Dina-II, [[Garh Mahal]],, [[Kala Gujran]], [[Khukha]], [[Kotla Faqir]], [[Madu Kalas]], [[Monan, Punjab|Monan]], [[Mughalabad]], [[Nakka Khurd]], [[Nara, Jhelum|Nara]], [[Pandori, Jhelum|Pandori]], [[Sanghoi]] and [[Sohan]].

==Demography==
{{PakistanCensusPop
|title=Jhelum City Population
|1961=52685
|1972=70157
|1981=106462
|1998=145847
|estimate=174679
|estyear=2010
|footnote=<center>Source:<ref name="worldgazetteer1">{{cite web|url=http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gpro&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-172&srt=pnan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&geo=442609372|title=Jhelum City|author=World-Gazetteer.com|accessdate=2010-09-19}}</ref></center>
}}

Jhelum is one of the oldest districts of Punjab. It was established on 23 March 1849<ref>[http://www.crprid.org/Publications/District%20Profiles/Jhelum/Report.htm Jhelum Report]</ref>. [[Jhelum District]] has a diverse population of 1,103,000 (2006)<ref>[http://www.punjabpolice.gov.pk/statistics/district.asp?id=169&did=12&district=Jhelum Population of Jhelum District]</ref> which mainly consists of [[Punjabi people|Punjabis]]. The population of the Jhelum city (proper) is about 174,679(2010)<ref name="pop"/> and it is the 35th largest city of Pakistan with respect to population. Population Density is 261/km. Population Growth Rate is 1.51<ref>[http://world-gazetteer.com/wg.php?x=&men=gcis&lng=en&des=wg&geo=-172&srt=npan&col=abcdefghinoq&msz=1500&pt=c&va=&srt=pnan population growth rate]</ref> which is very low as compared to other urban areas of Pakistan. The majority of the population i.e. 98.47 percent is [[Muslim]]. Among the minorities [[Christians]] are in majority sharing 1.36 percent in the district. [[Punjabi language|Punjabi]] is the dominant language (96.6 percent), while, other languages spoken in the district are [[Urdu]] (1.9 percent), [[Pushto]] (1.2 percent). Major clans are [[Awan (Pakistan)|Awans]], [[Akra]]{{dn}}, [[Bharat (clan)|Bharat]], [[Gakhars]], [[Gujjar|Gujar]]s, [[Janjua Rajput]]s, [[Jalaps]], [[Jats]] ([[Cheema]], [[Dhamial Jats]], [[Gondal (clan)|Gondal]], [[Ghuman]], [[Sipra]], [[Nagyal]], [[Thathal]], [[Kashmiris]], [[Khokhars]], [[Lilla Tribe]] Qureshis, [[Phaphra]] Mughals), [[Rajputs]] ([[Bhakral]], [[Bhatti]], [[Chib]], [[Minhas]], [[Narma]], [[Sohlan (tribe)|Sohlan]], etc.), [[Arain]], [[Syed]] and [[Punjabi Shaikh]].

Literacy rate of Jhelum is among the highest in Pakistan. At 79%, it is only lower than that of [[Islamabad]] and neighbouring [[Rawalpindi]].<ref name="statpak.gov.pk">http://www.statpak.gov.pk/depts/fbs/statistics/pslm_prov2006-07/2.14a.pdf</ref> Somewhat higher than the literacy in [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]] province (58 percent)<ref name="statpak.gov.pk"/>. The literacy rate has remarkably increased from 38.9 percent in 1981. The rate is much higher in urban area when compared with rural areas both for males and females. 84% of the population have electricity and 96% have the water facility.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/weekly/herald/herald33.htm District Profile]</ref>[[List of Pakistani Districts by Human Development Index|Human Development Index]] of Jhelum is 0.770, which highest in [[Pakistan]] after [[Karachi District|Karachi]].

==City==
[[Image:Shabir plaza.JPG|200px|thumb|Shabir plaza Shandar Chowk]]
[[File:Gumbad wali Masjid Jhelum001.jpg|200px|thumb|Gumbad wali Masjid]]
In the past few years, the city has experienced rapid expansion and has become a vibrant economic and cultural center. The old city has fascinating narrow streets and crowded bazaars.

The main market area of the city is centered around "Shandar Chowk", "GTS Chowk", "Muhammadi Chowk" and includes "Main Bazaar", "Niya Bazaar", "Raja Bazaar", "Kinari Bazaar", "Sarafa Bazaar", "Chowk-Ehl-e-Hadith" and [[Soldier Arcade, Jhelum|Soldier Arcade]] etc.

Some of the main roads of Jhelum City are Civil Line, Railway Road, Old GT Road, Kucheri Road, Iqbal Road and Rohtas Road.

[[Jhelum Cantonment|A cantonment]] was built during the British rule, which has grown up into a strong Garrison, with an Infantry Division commanded by a Major General.

The estimated population of Jhelum in 2010 is 174,679<ref name="pop"/> and the area of Jhelum is about {{convert|22|km2|abbr=on}}.
{{See also|List of cities in Punjab, Pakistan by area}}

==Geography and climate==
{{climate chart|Jhelum
|5|20|34
|8|22|50
|12|27|60
|18|33|36
|22|38|32
|26|40|52
|26|36|237
|25|34|221
|23|35|78
|17|33|12
|10|28|10
|6|21|30
|source=[http://www.climate-charts.com/Locations/p/PK41598.php]
|float=right
}}
Lying at 32°56′ North latitude and 73°44′ East longitude, Jhelum is located just 1 hour and 30 minutes drive from the Capital of Pakistan [[Islamabad]], and 3 hours drive from the heart of Punjab [[Lahore]]. Jhelum is linked with these cities through the [[National Highways of Pakistan|National Highway]] [[N-5 National Highway|N-5]]. Several cities are within 1 to 2 hours drive including [[Gujrat]] (home to fan manufacturing),<ref>[http://uog.edu.pk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=194&Itemid=1 University of Gujrat]</ref> [[Gujranwala]],<ref>[http://www.pak-times.com/2007/05/13/gujranwala-business-center/ Gujranwala Business Center]</ref>, [[Chakwal]] and [[Mirpur, Pakistan|Mirpur, Azad Kashmir]].<ref>[http://www.apnajhelum.com/ ApnaJhelum (Mirpur as mini England)]</ref>

Jhelum is hot in summer, and dry and mild in winter. The maximum mean temperature in summer, in June, is recorded as 45.7&nbsp;°C, where in winter, in January; the minimum temperature as recorded is 1.8&nbsp;°C respectively. Average annual rainfall is about 900&nbsp;mm (about 35&nbsp;inches) which is much below the required quantity but in the rainy season the water torrents flow from North to the river Jhelum with a very fast speed and cause damages to the crops, bridges, roads and are responsible for the soil erosion in the district.<ref>[http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=415980&refer=&units=metric Annual weather report of Jhelum]</ref>

==Major floods==
The biggest flood in Jhelum came in 1992. This flood sunk Jhelum city. Some people argue that 1996 flood was the biggest but they are very weak in their analysis as 1996 flood was very normal flood and did nothing to the city. But 1992 flood was very devastating.<ref>[http://precis.metoffice.com/Useful_Links/Publications/Sajjad.pdf The biggest flood]</ref>

==Important sites==
[[File:Melange Super, Jhelum Cantt.jpg|thumb|Front view of Melange super Market]]
[[File:Major Akram Shaheed Library Jhelum.jpg|thumb|left|Akram Shaheed Library]]
[[Rohtas Fort]] is a garrison fort built by the great Afghan king Sher Shah Suri. This fort is about 4&nbsp;km in circumference and the first example of the successful amalgamation of Pukhtun and Hindu architecture in the sub-continent. Qila Rohtas is situated in a gorge approximately 16&nbsp;km NW of Jhelum and 7&nbsp;km from [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]].

The old city has a fascinating labyrinth of narrow streets and crowded bazaars. Opposite to the [[CMH Jhelum|CMH]] [[Jhelum Cantt]] is located the beautiful mosque of the city, [[CMH Masjid Jhelum]].

Located in the [[Jhelum Cantonment|cantonment]] area is the [[St. John's Church Jhelum]] which was built in 1860. There was a local stadium near Gul Afshan Colony which is now transformed to a Cricket stadium named [[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]]. Close to [[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]] is located the [[Altaf Park, Jhelum|Altaf Park]] which was constructed in 1994-95.
Nearly at a distance of 100m from Shandar Chowk, in the center of city is located [[Major Akram Shaheed Memorial]] Park. Major [[Muhammad Akram]] Memorial [[Library]] is also present in this park. On 6 September at the occasion of [[Defence Day]], Parade also took place over here.[[Image:Mangladam.JPG|thumb|220px|Mangla Dam Water Reservoir]]
[[Lehri Nature Park]] is almost 30 kilometers from Jhelum and 90 kilometres on GT Road in the hilly Pothohar region from [[Islamabad]]. It is 10 kilometres from GT Road.
The [[Mangla Dam]] is located on the [[Jhelum River]] about {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} from Jhelum, it is the twelfth largest dam in the world. It was constructed in 1967 across the Jhelum River. There is the Mangla View Resort<ref>[http://www.manglaviewresort.com/data/main.html Mangla View Resort]</ref> that is the first planned resort development in Pakistan to offer residences, villas, townhouses, hotels, serviced apartments & retail outlets. The resort is located on a 340-acre (1.4 km2) site on the [[Mangla Dam]] area.

[[Rasul Barrage]] is located on the Jhelum River about 30&nbsp;km downstream from Jhelum. Two major water canals originate at the Rasul barrage, Rasul-Qadirabad link canal which is also called Lower-Jhelum link canal and Rasul-Shahpur branch canal.The area around the Rasul Barrage lake is also a picnic spot.

==Transportation==
===Within city===
[[Auto Rickshaw]]s are very popular mode of transport for short routes within the city. Many of the new rickshaws in the city use [[Compressed natural gas|Compressed natural gas (CNG)]] instead of the petrol engines as CNG is environmentally clean and cheaper compared to petrol. [[Rickshaws]] by QingQi are another important mode of transportation.

===Out of city===
[[File:Bus Stand Jhelum.jpg|thumb|220px|Bus Stand Jhelum]]
There is a regular bus/Hiace service available running from early hours of the morning to late night. Daily routes includes [[Rawalpindi]], [[Islamabad]], [[Lahore]], [[Gujrat]], [[Gujranwala]], [[Sialkot]], [[Mandi Bahauddin]], [[Sargodha]], [[Chakwal]], Mirpur and [[Faisalabad]].

Regular Bus/Van service is also available with in [[Jhelum District]], It include some of the important towns and villages such as: Buses from Jhelum to [[Pind Dadan Khan]], [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]], [[Sohawa Tehsil|Sohawa]], [[Lillah]], [[Nakka Khurd]], [[Pind Sawika]], [[Nagyal]], [[Sanghoi]], [[Mangla Cantt]], [[Nara, Jhelum|Nara]], Domeli, [[Darapur]], [[Jalalpur Sharif]] and many more, while Vans from Jhelum to [[Sanghoi]], [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]], [[Kharian]], [[Sarai Alamgir]], Chak Jamal. Chak Doulat, [[Mughalabad]], [[Boken, Punjab|Boken]], [[Dhanyala]] and many other destinations as well.

===Railway===
[[File:Jhelum Railway Station.JPG|thumb|220px|Jhelum Railway Station]]
The Jhelum Railway Station was built in 1928 during [[British Raj|British rule]] before the independence of Pakistan. It was connected by the [[North-Western Railway]] to other cities in the Indian empire. Jhelum is on main line of [[Pakistan Railways]], and linked to whole country through Railway line across the Pakistan.
Many of the railway lines and bridges were designed and constructed by exceptionally hardworking engineers during the British time and after independence in railway workshop Jhelum.

===Air===
The nearest [[airport]] is the [[Islamabad International Airport]], which is approximately 110&nbsp;km by road from Jhelum. A small airport called [[Mangla Airport]], located near [[Dina, Pakistan|Dina]], is in use of the aviation wing of the [[Pakistan Army]].

==Telecommunication==
The [[Pakistan Telecommunication Company|PTCL]] provides the main network of landline telephone with minority shares of few other operators like [[WorldCall]]. All major mobile phone companies operating in Pakistan provide service in Jhelum. Broadband internet access is available from [[DSL]], [[Evolution-Data Optimized|EVDO]] to state of the art [[WiMAX|WiMax]] technology from many ISPs, WiMax and WiFi operators like PTCL EVO<ref>[http://ptcl.com.pk/contentb.php?NID=289 PTCL EVO]</ref>, [[Wateen Telecom|Wateen]], WorldCall, LinkdotNet etc. WorldCall has laid its fiberoptics throughout the city of Jhelum for future project of [[Fiber to the x|FTTH]] with [[Triple play (telecommunications)|Tripple Play service]]<ref>[http://apnajhelum.net/j-stuff/what-is-new-in-jhelum.html LinkdotNET]</ref>. In August 2008 PTCL has also launched its [[IPTV]] service named [[PTCL Smart TV]] in Jhelum.

==Sports==
[[File:District Cricket Stadium Jeulum 003.jpg|thumb|Cricket Stadium Jhelum]]
The city also boasts a golf course called the River-View Golf Club<ref>[http://www.wikimapia.org/#lat=32.9170618&lon=73.7194633&z=15&l=0&m=a&v=2&show=/1623630/Jhelum-River-View-Golf-Club Jhelum River View Golf Club]</ref>, where national golf tournaments are held regularly.<ref>[http://www.golfwarehouse.com.pk/golf/ River-View Golf Club]</ref>

Also there is a Cricket Stadium named [[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]] where District lavel tournaments are held regularly. In October 2008, [[Pakistan Cricket Board]] has upraised this stadium for Regional events.<ref>[http://jang.com.pk/thenews/may2008-weekly/nos-25-05-2008/spo.htm Jang News report(District Cricket Stadium, Jhelum)]</ref>

There are variety of sports facilities available within the [[Jhelum Cantonment]] which include [[cricket field]]s, [[field hockey|hockey]] fields, [[Association football pitch|football field]]s, [[tennis court]]s, [[squash court]]s and [[swimming pool]]s.

==Education==
[[File:Govt. College GT Road Jhelum.jpg|thumb|300px|Govt. College GT Road Jhelum]]
Jhelum has a fairly well-developed educational infrastructure. The overall literacy rate for Jhelum is 63.9 percent, somewhat a higher literacy in [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] province (46.6 percent)<ref>[http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2006%5C12%5C25%5Cstory_25-12-2006_pg13_4 Punjab Education Department’s annual literacy statistics for 2006] ''[[Daily Times (Pakistan)|Daily Times]]''</ref>.

Jhelum has 6 [[List of colleges in Jhelum|Degree Colleges for Women]], 6 [[List of colleges in Jhelum|Degree Colleges for Men]], 6 [[List of colleges in Jhelum|Co-education Colleges]], 6 [[List of colleges in Jhelum|Commerce Colleges]], one [[List of colleges in Jhelum|Law College]], with numerous higher secondary schools and over 150 high schools<ref>[http://aepam.edu.pk/Download/schools%20directory/Punjab(Jhehlum).pdf School Directory of PUNJAB (Jhelum)]</ref>.

===Higher/technical education===
In technical education there are two technical colleges, the Government Institute of Technology, Chak Daulat and the Government Technical Training Institute.<ref>[http://www.tevta.org/Download/Email_Directory.PDF Technical education in Jhelum]</ref>
Jhelum also has two sub-campuses of the [[Virtual University of Pakistan]] namely Wings Institute of Learning and Punjab College For Women.<ref>[http://www.vu.edu.pk/ VU Jhelum campuses]</ref>
[[University of the Punjab]] is also establishing a sub-campus at Jhelum. Governament of [[Punjab, Pakistan|Punjab]] has allocated 65 kanals of land for this purpose.<ref>[http://www.pu.edu.pk/newsletter/pu_newsletter-nov_06.pdf Punjab University NewsLetter]</ref>

===Colleges===
{{Main|List of colleges in Jhelum}}
[[File:FG inter college jhelum cantt.jpg|thumb|220px|FG College]]
Some of the important colleges of Jhelum are:<ref>[http://www.pu.edu.pk/affiliated-colleges/college-details.asp?info=9&wise=1 Punjab University affiliated colleges in Jhelum]</ref>
*Army Public School and College Jhelum Cantt.
*[[FG Intermediat College Jhelum Cantt]].
*Fauji Foundation Model School & College, Jhelum Cantt.
*Bahria Foundation College, GT Road, Jhelum.
*Govt. Degree College, Jhelum.<ref>[http://www.pu.edu.pk/affiliated-colleges/college-subjects.asp?collid=112 Govt. Degree College, Jhelum]</ref>
*Govt. College. G.T. Road, Jhelum.<ref>[http://www.pu.edu.pk/affiliated-colleges/college-subjects.asp?collid=113 Govt. College. G.T. Road, Jhelum]</ref>
*Govt. College for Women, Jhelum.
*Govt. College of Commerce, Bilal Town, Jhelum.
*National Foundation School and College, Jhelum.
*Govt. Islamia Girls Higher Secondary School and College, Jhelum.
*Jinnah Law College Near Kutcheri, Jhelum.
*M.A. Jinnah College of Commerce & Computer Science, Jhelum.
*PICS, Bilal town Jhelum.
*City College for Girls, Jhelum
*[[UIML College]]

==Hospitals==
[[File:DHQ Jhelum.JPG|thumb|DHQ Civil Hospital Jada Jhelum]]
[[File:AlKhadim Memorial Hospital.JPG|thumb|AlKhadim Memorial Hospital]]
Jhelum has some of the largest hospitals<ref>[http://www.cpdi-pakistan.org/index.php/program-area?option=com_content&view=article&id=124&Itemid=54 Types of Health Facilities report in Jhelum]</ref> in the area which include the hospital in cantonment area of the city managed by the [[Pakistan Army]] or sub organisations<ref>[http://phsrp.punjab.gov.pk/dot/pages/Letters%20&%20Notifications/private%20practitioners/Jhelum.pdf Medical facilities in Jhelum]</ref>.
*District Headquarter Hospital, Jada
*[[Combined Military Hospital Jhelum]]
*Fauji Foundation Hospital, GT Road<ref>[http://www.phonebook.com.pk/Dynamic/CompanyDetail.aspx?Comp_ID=64353&k=hospitals&l=jhelum&SearchType=kl Fauji Foundation Hospital on PhoneBook]</ref>
*Khadam Ali Memorial Hospital, Machine Mohalla No. 1
*Khan Muhammad Hospital, AlAsria Road.
*Sughra Hospital, Jhelum Cantt
*Shahid memorial trust hospital Jhelum
*Inayat Karim Medical Center, Jhelum Main G.T.road
*AlKaram Hospital, Civil Lines
*Afzal Hospital, Machine Mohalla No.3
*Noor-un-Nisa Hospital
*Fazal Hospital, Civil Lines
*Azeem Hospital, Jhelum Cantt
*Umair Children Hospital, Machine Mohalla No.3
*[http://www.muazzamalihospital.org Capt.Moazzam Shaheed Hospital]
*Mirza Hospital, Shandar Chowk

==Major industries==
[[File:Pakistan Tobacco Company Jhelum.JPG|thumb|250px|Pakistan Tobacco Company Jhelum]]
Some of the major Industries are:<ref>[http://www.tmajhelum.com/industry.html TMA Jhelum(Industries)]</ref>
*[[Pakistan Tobacco Company, Jhelum]]<ref>[http://www.ptc.com.pk/ Pakistan Tobacco Company]</ref>
*[[KDC Boards (Pvt) Ltd|KDC Plywood Factory]]<ref>[http://www.pakearth.com/pakistan-business-directory/plywood-veneers/k.d.c.-plywood-factory.php KDC Plywood Factory]</ref>
*[[Pakistan Chipboard (Pvt) Ltd|Pakistan ChipBoard Factory]]<ref>[http://wikimapia.org/6119905/Pakistan-Chipboard-Factory-Jhelum Pakistan ChipBoard Factory]</ref>
*Allience Textile Mill<ref>[http://www.tco.gov.pk/Webs/cityfullmill.htm Allience Textile Mill]</ref>
*Rani Ghee Mill<ref>[http://b2bpakistan.com/11/food_beverage-rani_ghee_mills_ltd-37955.html Rani Ghee Mill]</ref>

==Notable people==
[[Image:Tariq Kamal Khan.jpg|thumb|right|250px|[[Admiral]] [[Tariq Kamal Khan]] giving [[Tamgha-i-Khidmat]] (Military) to [[Karam ud Din]]]]
People with origins in Jhelum<ref>[http://www.apnajhelum.com/contents/personalities.html ApnaJhelum.com Personalities]</ref> are listed below:

*Raja [[King Porus|Porus]] who fought against Alexander in 326BC
*Major [[Muhammad Akram]], Shaheed [[Nishan-e-Haider]]
*Major [[Abid Majeed Malik]],Shaheed [[Tamgha-e-Basalat]]
*Raja Fazil Muhammad, Inspector of Schools, Rawalpindi Division (1930).
*Raja Muhammad Afzal, Additional Secretary, Government of Pakistan.
*Raja Muhammad Arshad PSP, Inspector General of Police.
*Raja nasir nawaz PSP, Inspector General of islamabad Police
*Raja Raza Arshad, Federal Secretary, Government of Pakistan.
*General [[Asif Nawaz Janjua]], former [[Chief of Army Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Army Staff]] [[Pakistan Army]]
*[[Admiral]] (R) [[Tariq Kamal Khan]], former [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Pakistan Navy]]
*Lt Gen [[Masood Aslam]], [[Sitara-i-Jurat|SJ]], [[XI Corps (Pakistan)|XI Corps]] Commander
*Lt Gen (R) Ejaz Azim, former [[Pakistan Ambassador to the United States]]
*Lt Gen (R) Afzal Janjua ex Director General ISI.
*Lt Gen Muzammil Hussain DG Training and Evaluation.
*Air Marshal (R) Raja Shahid Hamid, former DG [[Air Weapons Complex]]
*Squadron Leader Imran Rafique, Pakistan Air Force
*Ex-Squadron Leader Syed Manzoor Ul Hassan Hashmi (late), awarded Sitara Jurat in 1971 WAR, an F-6 War Plane has been displayed in front of GPO Jhelum to pay respect to him. He originally belonged to Village [[Raiya Chak Maddu]] and now lies buried in the graveyard of the same village since December, 2000. His burial village is located at the distance of almost one kilometer west of Combined Military Hospital Jhelum.
*[[Mian Muhammad Bakhsh]], [[Sufi]] [[saint]] and a [[Punjabi people|Punjabi]] poet of great repute, he is especially renowned as the writer of a book of poetry called Saiful Malūk<ref>[http://apnaorg.com/poetry/mian/ Saiful Malūk by Mian Muhammad Bakhsh]</ref>.
*Raja [[Ghazanfar Ali Khan]]<ref>[http://www.humsafar.info/pio_raja_ghazanfar_ali_khan.php Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan]</ref>
*Justice Iftikhar Hussain Chaudhry<ref>[http://www.lhc.gov.pk/judges/jbiodata/jiftikhar_hussain.htm Justice Iftikhar Hussain Chaudhry, Chief Justice, Lahore High Court]</ref> Chief Justice Of [[Lahore High Court]]
*Chaudhry Altaf Hussain, former [[Governor of Punjab (Pakistan)|Governor of Punjab]]
*Dr. [[Hasnat Khan]], linked to [[Diana, Princess of Wales]]
*[[Dr. Anwar Naseem]], Adviser Science, [[COMSTECH]], [[Islamabad]]
*[[Rabia Qari]], First Muslim woman barrister
*Syed [[Zamir Jafri]], poet
*[[Khalid Masud|Allama Khalid Masud]], a Muslim scholar of Pakistan, wrote a number of books and articles and delivered lectures on Islam, science and other subjects.
*[[Inder Kumar Gujral]], former [[Prime minister of India]]
*[[Sunil Dutt]], Bollywood actor
*[[Satish Gujral]]<ref>[http://www.answers.com/topic/satish-gujral Satish Gujral]</ref>
*[[Azeem Hafeez]], a Pakistani [[cricket]]er, fast bowler
*[[Gulzar (lyricist)]]
*[[Aftab Iqbal Shamim]], an Urdu language poet
*[[Nosheen Idrees]], crowned the third runner up for the [[Miss Pakistan World]] <ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/player/nol/newsid_7340000/newsid_7347400/7347462.stm?bw=nb&mp=wm&news=1&ms3=6&ms_javascript=true&bbcws=2 BCC TV News Nosheen Idrees, runner up for the Miss Pakistan World]</ref>
*[[Jaswant Neki]], a leading Sikh Scholar, poet and former Director of PGI, Chandigarh
*[[Mirza Dildar Baig]]
*[[Irfan-ul-haq]]
*[[Indra Sen]], a devotee of [[Sri Aurobindo]] and [[Mirra Alfassa|The Mother]], psychologist, author, and educator, and the founder of [[Integral Psychology]] as an academic discipline
*[[Nanak Singh]], a poet, songwriter and novelist in the [[Punjabi language]]
*[[Jagjit Singh Arora]], (February 13, 1916{{ndash}} May 3, 2005) was the commander of the Indian army in the Eastern front in the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]] which led to the creation of [[Bangladesh]]. He was born in Jhelum during the [[British Raj]] and died in [[New Delhi]], India.
*[[Bhai Mati Das]], one of the greatest martyrs in [[Sikh]] history
*[[Nasser Azam]], successful contemporary artist practicing in London.
*Dr [[Shahbaz Khan (hydrologist)|Shahbaz Khan]] international water scientist and engineer
*[[Dr Ghulam Hussain]]<ref>[http://slspk.com/dir.htm Dr Ghulam Hussain]</ref>
*Brig (R) Raja Mansoor, former Personal Secretary to PM [[Zafarullah Khan Jamali]]
*Maj Gen Saeed-u-Zaman Janjua, Ex Embassidor Brunai.
*Lt Gen Agha Mohammad Umer Farooq, Chairman National Defence University Islamabad
*Maj Gen (Dr) Azhar Mahmood Kiyani, cardiologist.
*Rear Admiral (R) Mushtaq Ahmed
*Brig (Dr) Raja Sami Ullah, Medical Specialist, Personal Physician to the Prime Minister, Islamic Republic of Pakistan
*Shahid Hussain Raja, Federal Secretary Pakistan Railways
*Dr Hameed Ullah Baig
*Raja Abdul Qadeer (Advisor,Consultant) Syntax Jhelum (An Accountancy Servies)

==Jhelum pictures gallery==
{{Commons-inline|Jhelum}}
<gallery>
Image:MapofJlm.JPG|Map of Tehsil Jhelum
File:A Fort in Jhelum City.jpg|A fort in Jhelum City
File:Jhelum Railway Station001.jpg|Jhelum Railway Station
File:A view of Railway Road, Jhelum002.JPG|Railway Road
File:JunaidJamshed Jhelum.jpg|JJ Shop
Image:Stylo_%26_Hush_Puppies.JPG|Stylo and Hush Puppies, Civil Line
Image:Saleem center.JPG|Saleem center, Civil Lines
Image:Ladi's mart.JPG|Ladi's mart, MM#3
File:Cantonament Squqre, Jhelum.jpg|Cantonment Square, Jhelum
Image:Mahfooz plaza.JPG|Mahfooz Plaza, Kazim Kamal Road
Image:KFC Jhelum Cantt.jpg|KFC Jhelum Cantt
File:District Cricket Stadium Jeulum 002.jpg|View of a match
Image:District Cricket Stadium Jeulum 001.jpg|Zamir Jafri Cricket Stadium
Image:Tulip lawn Jhelum 001.jpg|Tulip lawn Jhelum
Image:Kazim Kamal Park, Jhelum.jpg|Kazim Kamal Park
Image:Jhelum77.jpg|A view of Old GT Road from Shabir Plaza
File:A view of Railway Road, Jhelum.jpg|A view of Railway Road
Image:A view of Machine Mohalla Road Jhelum.jpg|Old GT Road
Image:Passport Office.jpg|Passport Office
Image:Mosque in Jhelum Cantonment Pakistan.jpg|[[DIV Masjid Jhelum Cantonement|DIV Mosque]]
File:Sh. Qaym Din Masjid, MM-3, Jhelum.JPG|Sh. Qaym Din Masjid
File:Masjid Afghan Jhelum.jpg|Masjid Afghan
Image:Shandar Chowk Jhelum.jpg|Shandar Chowk Jhelum
File:Jhelum River Bele BBQ.jpg|Jhelum River near Bela BBQ
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal box|Pakistan|Jhelum}}
*[[Jhelum District]]
*[[Jhelum River]]
*[[Jhelum Tehsil]]
*[[Jhelum Cantonment]]
*[[Journalism in Jhelum]]
*[[Dina, Pakistan]]
*[[Mangla Dam]]
*[[Lehri Nature Park]]
*[[Zamir Jaffri Cricket Stadium]]
*[[Zamir Jafri]]
*[[Rabia Qari]], the first female [[Muslim]] barrister in South Asia
*[[Inder Kumar Gujral]], thirteenth [[Prime Minister of India]]
*[[Mangla Cantt]]
*[[Tilla Satellite Launch Center]]
*[[Military College Jhelum]]
*[[St. John's Church Jhelum]]
*[[Kala Gujran]]
*[[Gharmala]]
*[[Raiya Chak Maddu]]
*[[Sanghoi]]
*[[Nara, Jhelum]]
*[[Badlot]]
*[[Mughalabad]]
*[[Boken, Punjab|Boken]], [[Punjab (Pakistan)|Punjab]]
*[[List of Cities of Punjab, Pakistan by Area]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Jhelum}}
{{Sisterlinks|Jhelum}}
*[http://www.jhelumpolice.gov.pk Jhelum Police Website]
*[http://www.tmajhelum.com/ TMA Jhelum Website]
*[http://pportal.punjab.gov.pk/portal/portal/media-type/html/group/314 Punjab Government website (Jhelum Profile)]
*[http://www.fmsunrise.biz/ FM Sunrise Pakistan (FM95 Jhelum)]
*[http://www.apnajhelum.com ApnaJhelum Urdu website of Jhelum]
*[http://www.jhelumnews.com Jhelumnews Urdu News website]
*{{Wikitravel|Jhelum}}

{{PakistanCities}}
{{Towns, cities and Cantonaments in Jhelum}}
{{Jhelum-Union-Councils}}
{{Pakistan topics}}

[[Category:Jhelum| ]]
[[Category:Populated places in Jhelum District| ]]
[[Category:Ancient Greek sites in Pakistan]]

[[ca:Jhelum]]
[[de:Jhelam (Stadt)]]
[[fr:Jhelum (Pakistan)]]
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[[it:Alessandria Bucefala]]
[[mr:झेलम शहर, पाकिस्तान]]
[[no:Jhelum]]
[[pnb:جہلم]]
[[pl:Dźhelam]]
[[pt:Jhelum]]
[[ru:Джелам (город)]]
[[simple:Jhelum]]
[[sr:Џелам]]
[[sh:Jhelum]]
[[ur:جہلم]]
[[war:Jhelum]]

Revision as of 17:35, 3 November 2010

this is stupid

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