John G. Kemeny
John George Kemeny | |
---|---|
13th President of Dartmouth College | |
In office 1970–1981 | |
Preceded by | John Sloan Dickey |
Succeeded by | David T. McLaughlin |
Personal details | |
Born | Budapest, Hungary | May 31, 1926
Died | December 26, 1992 Hanover, New Hampshire, United States | (aged 66)
Education | Princeton University (BA), (PhD) in Mathematics |
Awards | Computer Pioneer Award (1985) |
John George Kemeny; May 31, 1926[1] – December 26, 1992) was a Hungarian-Jewish born American mathematician, computer scientist, and educator best known for co-developing[2] the BASIC programming language in 1964 with Thomas E. Kurtz. Kemeny served as the 13th President of Dartmouth College from 1970 to 1981 and pioneered the use of computers in college education. Kemeny chaired the presidential commission that investigated the Three Mile Island accident in 1979.[2] According to György Marx he was one of The Martians.[3]
Early life
Born in Budapest, Hungary,[1] Kemeny attended the Rácz private primary school in Budapest and was a classmate of Nandor Balazs. In 1938 his father left for the United States alone. In 1940, he took the whole Kemeny family to the United States[1] when the adoption of the second anti-Jewish law in Hungary became imminent.[4] His grandfather, however, refused to leave and perished in the Holocaust, along with an aunt and uncle.[5] Kemeny's family settled in New York City where he attended George Washington High School. He graduated with the best results in his class three years later.[2] In 1943[1] Kemeny entered Princeton University where he studied mathematics and philosophy, but he took a year off during his studies to work on the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos National Laboratory. His boss there was Richard Feynman. He also worked there with John von Neumann. Returning to Princeton, Kemeny graduated with his BA in 1947, then worked for his Doctorate under Alonzo Church, also at Princeton. He worked as Albert Einstein's mathematical assistant during graduate school.[1] At 23 years old, Kemeny was awarded his doctorate in 1949 for a dissertation entitled "Type-Theory vs. Set-Theory."[2]
Career
Kemeny was appointed to the Dartmouth Mathematics Department as a full professor in 1953, at the age of 27.[1] Two years later he became chairman of the Department, and held this post until 1967. Kemeny ventured into curriculum development when he introduced Finite mathematics courses. He teamed with Gerald L. Thompson and J. Laurie Snell to write Introduction to Finite Mathematics (1957) for students of biology and social sciences. The Dartmouth mathematics department professors also wrote Finite Mathematical Structures (1959) and Finite Mathematics with Business Applications (1962). Other colleges and universities followed this lead and several more textbooks in Finite Mathematics were composed elsewhere. The topic of Markov chains was particularly popular so Kemeny teamed with J. Laurie Snell to publish Finite Markov Chains (1960) to provide an introductory college textbook. Considering the advances using potential theory obtained by G. A. Hunt, they wrote Denumerable Markov Chains in 1966.[6] This textbook, suitable for advanced seminars,[7] was followed by a second edition in 1976 when an additional chapter on random fields by David Griffeath was included.
Kemeny and Kurtz pioneered the use of computers for ordinary people. After early experiments with the LGP-30, they invented the BASIC programming language in 1964, as well as one of the world's first time-sharing systems, the Dartmouth Time-Sharing System (DTSS). In 1974, the American Federation of Information Processing Societies gave an award to Kemeny and Kurtz at the National Computer Conference for their work on BASIC and time-sharing.[8]
Kemeny was president of Dartmouth from 1970 to 1981, and continued to teach undergraduate courses and to do research and publish papers during his time as president. He presided over the coeducation of Dartmouth in 1972. He also instituted the "Dartmouth Plan" of year-round operations, thereby allowing more students without more buildings. During his administration, Dartmouth became more proactive in recruiting and retaining minority students[2] and revived its founding commitment to provide education for American Indians. Kemeny made Dartmouth a pioneer in student use of computers, equating computer literacy with reading literacy. In 1982 he returned to teaching full-time.
In 1983, Kemeny and Kurtz co-founded a company called True BASIC, Inc. to market True BASIC, an updated version of the language.
Death
John Kemeny died at the age of 66, the result of heart failure in Lebanon, New Hampshire[2] on December 26, 1992.[4] He had lived in Etna, near the Dartmouth Campus.
See also
- Kemeny–Young method
- Kemeny's constant (a number arising in the study of Markov chains).
References
- ^ a b c d e f Weibel, Peter (2005). Beyond Art - A Third Culture : a Comparative Study in Cultures, Art, and Science in 20th Century Austria and Hungary. Springer. p. 350. ISBN 3-211-24562-6.
- ^ a b c d e f Faison, Seth (1992-12-27). "John Kemeny, 66, Computer Pioneer and Educator (obituary)". The New York Times. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ A marslakók legendája - György Marx
- ^ a b Ohles, Frederik; Shirley M. Ohles; John G. Ramsay (1997). Biographical Dictionary of Modern American Educators. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 189. ISBN 0-313-29133-0.
- ^ "True Basic. A sketch of John Kemeny" (PDF). Dartmouth Alumni Magazine. 2001-12-13. Retrieved 2012-07-23.
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(help) - ^ J. L. Doob (1966) Review: Denumerable Markov Chains, MR0207042
- ^ Preface, page vi
- ^ "TRANSCRIPTS OF 1974 National Computer Conference Pioneer Day Session". Dartmouth Time Sharing System. Dartmouth College.
External links
- The Papers of John G. Kemeny in the Dartmouth College Library
- Posted in the article with permission from Dartmouth College
- Dartmouth Wheelock Succession
- Bio at Bellevue C.C. site
- A sketch of John Kemeny for the Dartmouth Alumni Magazine
- O'Connor, John J.; Robertson, Edmund F., "John G. Kemeny", MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive, University of St Andrews
- John G. Kemeny at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- Interview with Kemeny about his experience at Princeton
- True Basic Inc. information
- 1926 births
- 1992 deaths
- Manhattan Project people
- American computer scientists
- Hungarian mathematicians
- Jewish American scientists
- Princeton University alumni
- Dartmouth College faculty
- Presidents of Dartmouth College
- BASIC programming language
- Programming language designers
- People associated with nuclear power
- Hungarian emigrants to the United States
- Jews who emigrated to escape Nazism
- Hungarian Jews
- Hungarian computer scientists
- American people of Hungarian-Jewish descent
- People from Pest, Hungary
- Mathematical economists
- Mathematics educators
- 20th-century mathematicians
- 20th-century economists