John Palliser
John Palliser | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Born | 29 January 1817 |
| Died | 18 August 1887 (aged 70) |
| Occupation | geographer |
John Palliser (29 January 1817 – 18 August 1887) was an Irish-born geographer and explorer. Following his service in the Waterford Militia and hunting excursions to the North American prairies, he led the British North American Exploring Expedition which investigated the geography, climate and ecology of western Canada.
Biography
Born in Dublin, Ireland, he was the son of Colonel Wray Palliser and a brother of Major Sir William Palliser (1830-1882), all descendants of Dr William Palliser, Archbishop of Cashel (1644–1726).
From 1839 to 1863, Palliser served in the Waterford Militia, eventually with the rank of captain. He was also sheriff of Waterford. His first hunting expedition was in North America in 1847 during which time, Palliser wrote Solitary Rambles and Adventures of a Hunter in the Prairies, first published in 1853. He travelled back to Rupert's Land as leader of the British North American Exploring Expedition, which travelled over the uncharted regions of the far west between 1857 and 1861. He made a topographical delimitation of the boundary between British North America and the United States, from Lake Superior to the coast of the Pacific Ocean. He was assisted by astronomer Lieutenant Thomas Blakiston of the Royal Artillery, botanist Eugène Bourgeau and geologist Dr James Hector.
His travels took him to Rupert's Land, exploring a few rivers:
- White Fish River
- Kaministiquia River
- North Saskatchewan River
- South Saskatchewan River
- Red River
He returned to Ireland in 1862 and presented his findings to the British Parliament. The information contained in his survey was instrumental in the ending of the Hudson's Bay Company's ownership of Rupert's Land (lands encompassing all tributaries to Hudson Bay) with the Deed of Surrender in 1869. While Palliser is credited with opening up a new era of settlement and development in the Canadian West, his warnings about the unsuitability to agricultural development of the area now known as Palliser's Triangle went unheeded. Palliser reported that the region, in southeastern Alberta and southwestern Saskatchewan, was too arid for farming. The area was nevertheless settled for farming, but was devastated in the Dust Bowl drought.[1]
There were rumours he was working on behalf of certain Caribbean islands and the Confederate states in America but there is no evidence he was a spy.
In 1869 he travelled to Novaya Zemlya in Russia with another brother, Frederick Palliser aboard the ship Sampson[disambiguation needed].
Palliser was named a Companion of the Order of St. Michael and St. George (CMG). He never married and retired to Ireland, where he spent the rest of his life caring for his family. He died at his house, Comeragh House, Mahon Bridge, in County Waterford, Ireland in 1887. He is buried in the graveyard of Comeragh Church, Briska, Kilmacthomas, Co. Waterford. The Alberta administration have placed a plaque on his grave in commemoration of his achievements.
The Fairmont Palliser Hotel and the neighbourhood of Palliser in Calgary, Alberta, are named after him, as are the Palliser Range and Palliser Formation of the Canadian Rockies
Publications
Notes
- ^ Collier, Michael and Webb, Robert H.; "Floods, Droughts and Climate Change," pp. 9–11, University of Arizona Press, 2002