John Uliny
John Uliny, also known as Johnson Olony, Johnson Olonyi, and John Olony, is a South Sudanese militia leader. He is a member of the Shilluk ethnic group.[1] He has at various points in time been allied with the South Sudan Democratic Movement, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition and has led his own Agwelek Forces. He fought the South-Sudanese government in Upper Nile State between 2016 and 2018.
Biography[edit]
Uliny is from Upper Nile. He was the leader of a group of forces waiting for integration into the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA). After a conflict emerged between his forces and the SPLA, he fled to South Kordofan in Sudan. There, he aligned himself with the South Sudan Democratic Movement (SSDM or SSDM/A) of George Athor.[2]
In February 2012 –shortly after the death of Athor– he claimed the leadership of the South Sudan Democratic Movement.[3] He subsequently entered into peace talks with the South Sudanese government. On 13 June 2013, he accepted the amnesty offered by the government of President Salva Kiir Mayardit.[4] He was formally inducted into the military and given the rank of major general.[5] His forces, however, were not integrated in the army structure.[6]
In February 2014, he took a shot to the neck after opposing forces aligned with Riek Machar entered the city of Malakal.[1] In 2014 he joined the Sudan People's Liberation Movement-in-Opposition (SPLM-IO).[7] In February 2015, his forces were reported by UNICEF to be forcibly enlisting child soldiers.[8]
In April 2015, his deputy was shot and tensions between Uliny's forces and the government's forces rose. The state government and governor left the city of Malakal which Uliny's forces controlled. Uliny did not report to government forces for weeks and did not attend meetings in Juba.[6] On 15 May, Uliny's forces declared they wished to run the affairs of Malakal independently, and announced the name of their group as Agwelek Forces. They stated they were willing to work together with other opposition forces such as the SPLM-IO.[9] After September 2016 Yohanis Okiech split off from the Agwelek Forces, starting the Tiger Faction New Forces. They were ambushed by Uliny's forces in January 2017 and Okiech was killed.[10]
Uliny's forces fought against government forces in Upper Nile state 2016–2018. In April 2017 Uliny's forces lost control of Kodok which had been the headquarters of the SPLM-IO since 2014, the city of Pagak, became threatened and was lost in August 2017.[10] In 2018 Machar proposed that Uliny should be made governor of Upper Nile, this proposal was rejected by Mayardit.[7] In 2021 he joined the Kitgwang Declaration of Simon Gatwech Dual against Machar.[7] As of May 2023 Uliny remained in Juba.[7]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "SPLA top general in Malakal wounded by rebels: sources". Sudan Tribune. 19 February 2014. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "SSDM/A-Upper Nile faction". Small Arms Survey Sudan. 6 November 2013. Archived from the original on 1 April 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "John Uliny - John Olony - Johnson Olony". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "Rebel leader Johnson Uliny in Juba to discuss peace deal with Kiir". Sudan Tribune. 13 June 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "Promotion of former rebels sparks tension in South Sudan military". Sudan Tribune. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ a b "South Sudan army not in regular contact with allied militia commander". Sudan Tribune. 13 May 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ a b c d "What's Next For General Johnson Olony After Giving Up Rebellion?". South Sudan Global. 14 May 2023. Archived from the original on 14 May 2023.
- ^ "Factbox: South Sudan's General Johnson Olony". Radio Tamazuj. 25 February 2015. Archived from the original on 24 June 2015. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ "Johnson Olony's forces prefer independent command in Upper Nile state". Sudan Tribune. 17 May 2015. Archived from the original on 10 August 2018. Retrieved 19 May 2015.
- ^ a b Lynch, Justin; Benj, E.K.; Gramer, Robbie (9 October 2020). "Religious Tumult Triggered Birth of a New Nation- M7, Bush, Obama & Vatican behind South Sudan Peace Deal". HICGI News Agency. Archived from the original on 4 December 2022.