View source for June 1917

{{short description|Month in 1917}}
{{Events by month|1917}}
{{calendar|year=1917|month=June}}

The following events occurred in '''June 1917''':
[[File:Louise McKinney 1917.jpeg|thumb|left|200px|[[Louise McKinney]], first of two women elected to office in Canada.]]
[[File:Pulitzer Prizes (medal).png|thumb|right|upright=1.25|250px|The first [[Pulitzer Prize]]s were awarded.]]
{{Image frame|width=250|content='''First [[Pulitzer Prize]] winners'''<gallery mode=packed heights=100 style="width:200px;font-size:85%"">
File:Portrait of Laura E. Richards.jpg|[[Laura E. Richards]]
File:Maud Howe, portrait, facing right.jpg|[[Maud Howe Elliott]]
File:Jean Jules Jusserand cph.3b15757.jpg|[[Jean Jules Jusserand]]
File:Herbert Bayard Swope (circa 1917).jpeg|[[Herbert Bayard Swope]]</gallery>}}

==Friday, June 1, 1917==
* [[1917 French Army mutinies|French Army Mutinies]] – A French infantry regiment seized [[Missy-aux-Bois]], France, and declared an antiwar military government.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Gilbert|first1=Martin|title=First World War|date=1995|publisher=HarperCollins|location=London|isbn=978-0-00-637666-8|pages=333–34|edition=Paperback}}</ref>
* [[Tornado outbreak sequence of May 25 – June 1, 1917|Tornadoes]] in [[Kentucky]], [[Oklahoma]], and [[Kansas]] killed a total 22 people.<ref>{{Cite book|author=Grazulis, Thomas P.| year=1993| title=Significant Tornadoes 1680–1991: A Chronology and Analysis of Events| publisher=Environmental Films| isbn=1-879362-03-1| pages=753–54}}</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established [[1st Battalion, 21st Field Artillery Regiment (United States)|1st Battalion]] of the [[21st Field Artillery Regiment]] at Camp Wilson, [[Texas]].<ref>{{cite web |title=1st Battalion, 21st Field Artillery Regiment Home Page: Unit History |url=http://www.hood.army.mil/1-21/pages/unithistory.html |publisher=1st Battalion, 21st Field Artillery Regiment Signal Officer |access-date=18 January 2010 |archive-date=25 April 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100425054211/http://www.hood.army.mil/1-21/pages/unithistory.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Hilda Nilsson]], a housewife in [[Helsingborg]], Sweden, was brought to trial on eight murder charges, all involving children of infant age that were conceived illegitimately and so brought into her care as a foster mother. During the trial, evidence was presented that Nilsson drowned eight of the children for financial reasons and then burned the bodies.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.aftonbladet.se/wendela/article11374684.ab| title = Hon mördade fosterbarnen i tvättstugan|trans-title=She murdered children in the wash room |access-date = 1 December 2015|language = sv|last = Dahlgren|first = Charlotta|date = 15 March 2008|publisher = [[Aftonbladet]]|website = Wendela}}</ref>
* [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[armored cruiser]] [[USS West Virginia (ACR-5)|''Huntington'']] lofted a [[kite balloon]], the first American naval ship to do so, while stationed for training drills at the [[Naval Air Station Pensacola]] in [[Pensacola, Florida]].<ref>Layman, R.D., ''Before the Aircraft Carrier: The Development of Aviation Vessels 1849–1922'', Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1989, {{ISBN|0-87021-210-9}}, p. 113.</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established Camp Dix, an army training camp, near [[Wrightstown, New Jersey]]. The camp became permanent and was renamed [[Fort Dix]] in [[1939]].<ref>{{cite web|title=John Adams Dix and the history of Fort Dix| url=http://www.dix.army.mil/About/History.aspx| website=Dix.army.mil| publisher=U.S. Army|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref>
* The [[Royal Flying Corps]] established [[squadron (aviation)|air squadrons]] [[No. 198 Squadron RAF|No. 198]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/198squadron.cfm |title=198 Squadron |website=Royal Air Force |access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref> and [[No. 199 Squadron RAF|No. 199]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history/199squadron.cfm |title=199 Squadron |website=Royal Air Force |access-date=8 November 2016}}</ref>
* ''[[The Blast (magazine)|The Blast]]'' magazine released what turned out to be its final issue. In a column, publisher and editor [[Alexander Berkman]] argued that [[conscription in the United States]] was an "abdication" of citizens' rights and called for persons who consider themselves conscientious observers to neither register nor be conscripted.<ref>Alexander Berkman, "Registration," ''The Blast,'' vol. 2, no. 6 (June 1, 1917), pg. 2.</ref>
* Former [[Wright Company]] engineer [[Chance M. Vought]] co-founded with Birdseye Lewis the [[Vought|Lewis & Chance Corporation]], the first incarnation of the series of [[Vought]] aviation firms to manufacture aircraft specific for [[aircraft carrier]]s.<ref>Angelucci, Enzo, ''The American Fighter: The Definitive Guide to American Fighter Aircraft From 1917 to the Present'', New York: Orion Books, 1987, {{ISBN|0-517-56588-9}}, p. 428.</ref>
* The [[National Hockey Association]] forced a motion commanding [[ice hockey]] club owner [[Eddie Livingstone]] to sell the [[Toronto Blueshirts]].<ref>{{Citation| last1=Holzman| first1=Morey| last2=Nieforth| first2=Joseph| year=2002| title=Deceptions and Doublecross: How the NHL Conquered Hockey| publisher=Dundurn Press| isbn=1-55002-413-2|page=122}}</ref>
* The [[Montfort School, Yercaud|Montfort School]] was established in [[Yercaud]], India by the [[Montfort Brothers of St. Gabriel]] as a secondary school for boy and girls.<ref>{{cite web|title=From the Pages of History|url=http://montfortyercaud.com/page/abt_history|website=Montfort Anglo-Indian Higher Secondary School|access-date=29 March 2017}}</ref>
* The patriotic war song "[[Over There]]" by American songwriter [[George M. Cohan]] was registered with the [[Library of Congress]] by publisher [[William Jerome]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Vogel|first=Frederick G.|title= World War I Songs: A history of Popular American Patriotic Tunes, with Over 300 Complete Lyrics |publisher=McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers |year= 1995|isbn= 0-89950-952-5|oclc= 32241433}}, page 36</ref> It would become the most popular song during the [[World War I|war]] with over two million copies sold.<ref>{{cite book|last=Smith|first=Kathleen E. R.|title= God Bless America: Tin Pan Alley Goes to War |publisher=University Press of Kentucky |year= 2003|isbn= 0-8131-2256-2|oclc= 32241433}}, page 36</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Pegler|first=Martin|title= Soldier's Songs and Slang of the Great War|publisher=Osprey Publishing |year= 2014|isbn= 978-1-4728-0929-2|oclc= 900344548}}, page 72</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[William Standish Knowles]], American [[chemist]], recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for his research into [[enantioselective synthesis]], in [[Taunton, Massachusetts]] (d. [[2012]])

==Saturday, June 2, 1917==
* [[New York City Subway]] stations for the [[IRT Jerome Avenue Line]], including [[Burnside Avenue station|Burnside Avenue]], [[Fordham Road station (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)|Fordham Road]], [[Kingsbridge Road station (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)|Kingsbridge Road]], [[Mount Eden Avenue station|Mount Eden Avenue]], [[149th Street–Grand Concourse station|Grand Concourse]], [[161st Street–Yankee Stadium station|161st Street]], [[167th Street station (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)|167th Street]], [[170th Street station (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)|170th Street]], [[176th Street station|176th Street]], and [[183rd Street station (IRT Jerome Avenue Line)|183rd Street]] were opened for service.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hdl.handle.net/2027/mdp.39015016416920?urlappend=%3Bseq=23|title=Annual report. 1916-1917.|date=December 12, 2013| website=HathiTrust| publisher=Interborough Rapid Transit Company|hdl=2027/mdp.39015016416920?urlappend=%3Bseq=23|access-date=September 5, 2016}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Peggy Antonio]], Australian [[cricket]]er, inaugural member of the [[Australia women's national cricket team]], in [[Port Melbourne, Victoria]], Australia (d. [[2002]])

==Sunday, June 3, 1917==
* [[Tenth Battle of the Isonzo]] – A major Austro-Hungarian counteroffensive forced the Italians to give up nearly all the ground they had gained at the start of the battle on the border between northern Italy and [[Austria-Hungary]].<ref>Thompson, Mark (2008) The White War: Life and Death on the Italian Front, 1915–1919, Faber and Faber, London p. 251</ref>
* [[Battle of the Hills]] – The last German effort to retake ground lost to the French failed, forcing the command to call off further attacks. Since April 16, the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] had captured {{circa|52,000 prisoners,}} {{nowrap|440 heavy}} and field guns, and more than {{nowrap|1,000 machine-guns.}}<ref>{{cite encyclopaedia |title=The Times History of the War  |volume=XIV  |year=1914–1921 |work=The Times  |location=London  |url=https://archive.org/details/historywartimes14londuoft  |access-date=26 October 2013  |oclc=70406275 |page=106}}</ref>
* British [[cargo ship]] SS ''Hollington'' was [[torpedo]]ed and sunk by German [[submarine]] {{SMU|U-95||6}} in the Atlantic Ocean south of the [[Faroe Islands]], with the loss of 30 crew members.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2880.html |title=Hollington |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Leo Gorcey]], American actor, best known for portraying young hooligans in the film serials ''[[Dead End Kids]]'', ''[[East Side Kids]]'' and ''[[The Bowery Boys]]'', in New York City (d. [[1969]])

==Monday, June 4, 1917==
* The first [[Pulitzer Prize]]s were [[1917 Pulitzer Prize|awarded]], with the winners selected by trustees from [[Columbia University]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Columbia Awards Pulitzer Prizes|work=New York Times|date=9 June 1917|page=10}}</ref> The winners included:
** [[Laura E. Richards]], [[Maud Howe Elliott]] and Florence Hall in [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography|biography or autobiography]] for ''[[Julia Ward Howe]]''
** [[Jean Jules Jusserand]] in [[Pulitzer Prize for History|history]] for ''With Americans of Past and Present Days.'' 
** [[Herbert Bayard Swope]] in [[Pulitzer Prize for Reporting|reporting]] for article series " "Inside the German Empire" in ''[[New York World]]''
** ''[[New-York Tribune]]'' in [[Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing|editorial writing]] for an editorial article on the first anniversary of the sinking of the ''[[RMS Lusitania|Lusitania]]''
* French diplomat [[Jules Cambon]] sent a [[Cambon letter|letter]] to [[Zionism|Zionist]] leader [[Nahum Sokolow]], expressing French sympathy for the creation of a [[Homeland for the Jewish people|Jewish state]] in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]].<ref>{{cite web|title=French support for the Zionist cause in 1917| url=http://www.balfourproject.org/french-support-for-the-zionist-cause/|website=balfourproject.org|publisher=Balfour Project|access-date=14 June 2017}}</ref>
* The [[Order of the British Empire]] was established as an [[order of chivalry]] by King [[George V|George]] under the [[letters patent]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30250|supp=2|date=24 August 1917|pages=7791–7999}} Statutes of the Order of the British Empire 24 August 1917.</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.royal.gov.uk/MonarchUK/Honours/OrderoftheBritishEmpire.aspx|title=Order of the British Empire| work=The Official Website of the British Monarchy|access-date=2012-08-21}}</ref>
* British [[troopship]] ''[[SS Vaderland (1900)|Southland]]'' was [[torpedo]]ed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German [[submarine]] {{SMU|U-70||6}}, killing four men.<ref>{{cite book|last=Bonsor|first=N. R. P.|title=North Atlantic Seaway, Volume 2|edition=Enlarged and completely revised|location=[[Saint Brélade, Jersey|Saint Brélade]], Jersey|publisher=Brookside Publications|orig-year=1955|year=1978|isbn=0-905824-01-6|oclc=29930159|page=855}}</ref>
* Norwegian sports club [[Vestby IL|Vestby]] was established in [[Vestby]], [[Norway]] with sections for [[association football|football]], track and field, [[Nordic skiing]] and [[boxing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://foretak.io.no/982892694| title=Vestby Idrettslag| publisher=io.no| language=no| access-date=13 July 2011}}</ref>
* The outdoor [[amphitheatre]] for the St. Louis Municipal Opera Theatre, commonly referred to as [[The Muny]], opened with its premiere performance of the [[Giuseppe Verdi|Verdi]] opera ''[[Aida]]''.<ref>[http://www.muny.org/history.html "Our Historic Theatre"], Muny, Retrieved January 12, 2008</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Robert Merrill]], American opera singer, best known for his work with the [[Metropolitan Opera]], in New York City (d. [[2004]]); [[Howard Metzenbaum]], American politician, U.S. Senator from [[Ohio]] from [[1976]] to [[1995]], in [[Cleveland]] (d. [[2008]]); [[Charles Collingwood (journalist)|Charles Collingwood]], American journalist, member of the [[Murrow Boys]] at [[CBS News]], in [[Three Rivers, Michigan]] (d. [[1985]])
* '''Died:''' [[John M. Haines]], American politician, 10th [[List of governors of Idaho|Governor of Idaho]] (b. [[1863]])

==Tuesday, June 5, 1917==
* The [[conscription in the United States|first registration]] of [[conscription]] was held in the United States for all men between the ages of 21 and 31.<ref>{{cite news|title=Elation At The Capital|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9803E4DF133AE433A25755C0A9609C946696D6CF&legacy=true|access-date=22 July 2017|work=The New York Times|issue=June 6, 1917|date=June 5, 1917}}</ref>
* The 1st Naval Air Unit of the [[United States Navy]] under command of [[Kenneth Whiting]] became the first American military unit to arrive in Europe.<ref name="Layman 1989, p. 116">Layman 1989, p. 116.</ref>
* A ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'' (German Air Force) [[squadron (aviation)|squadron]] of 22 [[Gotha G.IV|Gotha]] [[bomber]]s attacked a [[Royal Navy]] facility at [[Sheerness]], England, in broad daylight, killing 13 people in exchange for the loss of one [[bomber]], after the official second raid of [[German bombing of Britain, 1914–1918|Operation Türkenkreuz]] ("Turk's Cross"), failed to reach London, its original target.<ref>[http://militaryhistorynow.com/2013/08/30/operation-turkenkreuz-remembering-the-kaisers-1917-blitz-on-great-britain/ Anonymous, "Operation Türkenkreuz: Remembering the Kaiser's 1917 Blitz on Great Britain," militaryhistorynow.com, 30 August 2013.]</ref>
* [[Royal Flying Corps]] Lieutenant Harold Satchell and Lieutenant [[Thomas Lewis (RAF officer)|Thomas Lewis]] of [[No. 20 Squadron RAF|No. 20 Squadron]] shot down and killed German [[flying ace]] Lieutenant [[Karl Emil Schäfer]]. His 30 victories placed him in a tie with five other pilots as the 28th-highest-scoring German [[flying ace]] of [[World War I]].<ref>Franks, Norman, ''Aircraft Versus Aircraft: The Illustrated Story of Fighter Pilot Combat From 1914 to the Present Day'', London: Grub Street, 1998, {{ISBN|1-902304-04-7}}, p. 63.</ref>

==Wednesday, June 6, 1917==
* An attack on a British supply train by German aircraft prior the [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] disrupted the flow of ammunition to the [[Western Front (World War I)|Western Front]], forcing British [[artillery]] to cease firing after three hours.<ref>Crosby, Francis, ''The Complete Guide to Fighters & Bombers of the World: An Illustrated History of the World's Greatest Military Aircraft, From the Pioneering Days of Air Fighting in World War I Through the Jet Fighters and Stealth Bombers of the Present Day,'' London: Anness Publishing Ltd., 2006, {{ISBN|978-1-84476-917-9}}, p. 264.</ref>
* The [[Sopwith Cuckoo]], the first land plane designed for use as a [[torpedo bomber]], was completed for the [[Royal Naval Air Service]].<ref>Sturtivant, Ray, ''British Naval Aviation: The Fleet Air Arm, 1917–1990'', Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1990, {{ISBN|0-87021-026-2}}, p. 215.</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Kirk Kerkorian]], American business leader, president and CEO of [[Tracinda]], which financed some of the largest resorts in [[Las Vegas]] including [[MGM Grand Las Vegas]], in [[Fresno, California]] (d. [[2015]]); [[Moreese Bickham]], American prisoner, convicted and later released for the [[1958]] killing of a sheriff's deputy that was reportedly a local [[Ku Klux Klan]] leader (d. [[2016]])

==Thursday, June 7, 1917==
[[File:Messines1.jpg|thumb|right|200px|{{centre|A British [[howitzer]] firing during the [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]]}}]]
[[File:NLS Haig - Smashed up German trench on Messines Ridge with dead.jpg|thumb|right|200px|{{centre|German trench destroyed by a mine explosion during the first day of the [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]].}}]]
* [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] – The [[British Army]] detonated 19 [[ammonal]] [[tunnel warfare|mines]] under the German lines near the Belgium village of [[Mesen|Messines]], killing 10,000 enemy soldiers in the deadliest deliberate non-nuclear man-made explosion in history.<ref>{{cite book |first=Alexander |last=Turner |title=Messines 1917: The Zenith of Siege Warfare |url=https://archive.org/details/messineszenithsi00turn |url-access=limited |publisher=Osprey |location=Oxford |series=Campaign Series |issue=Book 225 |date=2010 |isbn=978-1-84603-845-7 |page=[https://archive.org/details/messineszenithsi00turn/page/n53 53]}}</ref> 
* [[Capture of Wytschaete]] – The [[36th (Ulster) Division|Irish 36th]] and [[16th (Irish) Division|16th Divisions]] of the [[British Army]] [[IX Corps (United Kingdom)|IX Corps]] captured the municipality of [[Heuvelland|Wytschaete]] in [[West Flanders]], [[Belgium]], from the [[4th Army (German Empire)|German Fourth Army]] at a cost of 1,883 casualties, while German casualties were 3,563.<ref>{{cite book |series=History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence |title=Military Operations France and Belgium, 1917: 7 June – 10 November: Messines and Third Ypres (Passchendaele) |volume=II |last=Edmonds |first= J. E. |year=1991 |orig-year=1948 |publisher=[[HMSO]] |edition=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press |location=London |isbn=0-89839-166-0|pages=416–417}}</ref> The most noted casualty was Irish nationalist leader [[Willie Redmond]], brother to Irish politician [[John Redmond]], who was killed while leading an assault. His death was widely reported and he was awarded posthumously the [[Legion of Honour]].<ref>Denman, Terence: ''A lonely Grave: The Life and Death of William Redmond'', p.17-21;  Irish Academic Press (1995), {{ISBN|978-0-7165-2561-5}}, pp. 119–129</ref>
* [[Arthur Sifton]] won a fourth consecutive majority in the [[1917 Alberta general election|Alberta election]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Lewis Gwynne |last=Thomas |title=The Liberal Party in Alberta |url=https://archive.org/details/liberalpartyinal0000thom |url-access=registration |year=1959 |publisher=University of Toronto Press |location=[[Toronto]], Ontario|pages=[https://archive.org/details/liberalpartyinal0000thom/page/178 178–79]}}</ref> [[Louise McKinney]] and [[Roberta MacAdams]] were elected to the [[Legislative Assembly of Alberta]], the first women in Canadian history to be voted into public office.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.abheritage.ca/abpolitics/administration/maps_choice.php?Year=1917&Constit=Claresholm |title=Election results for Claresholm, 1917 (Alberta general election) |publisher=Alberta Heritage Community Foundation |access-date=8 September 2010}}</ref><ref>Debbie Marshall. ''Give Your Other Vote to the Sister: A Woman's Journey into the Great War'', University of Calgary Press, 2007.</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] ship {{HMS|Pargust|}} shelled and sank German [[submarine]] [[SM UC-29|SM ''UC-29'']], killed all but three of the 25 crew on board.<ref>{{cite Uboat.net|name=UC 29|id=UC+29|type=1sub|access-date=22 February 2009}}</ref>
* Eleven people were injured in a [[Houten train accident|railway accident]] between [[Houten]] and [[Schalkwijk, Utrecht]], Netherlands.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dichtbij.nl/lekstroom/regionaal-nieuws/artikel/2853254/ontsporing-van-de-koninklijke-trein-in-houten-1917.aspx|title=Ontsporing van de Koninklijke trein in Houten (1917)|first=dichtbij.nl – nieuws en informatie uit de|last=regio|date=8 June 2013|language=nl}}</ref>
* The second section of the [[Ethio-Djibouti Railways|Djibouti-Ethiopian Railway]] was opened, with a 784&nbsp;km-long rail line linking the port of [[Djibouti]] in [[French Somaliland]] to [[Addis Ababa]], the capital of [[Ethiopia]].<ref>Crozet, Jean-Pierre. Françoise Faulkner-Trine, trans. ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20131210170843/http://train-franco-ethiopien.com/index_en.php The Franco-Ethiopian and Djibouto-Ethiopian Railway]'' and "[https://web.archive.org/web/20130616002617/http://www.train-franco-ethiopien.com/histoire_en.php History]". 2013. Accessed 12 Feb 2014.</ref> 
* Chicago businessman [[Melvin Jones (Lions Club)|Melvin Jones]] founded the first [[Lions Clubs International|Lions Club]] in Chicago. As of [[2020]], the service membership organization had over 1.4&nbsp;million members worldwide.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.pointsoflight.org/programs/recognition/extra-mile/melvin-jones| title= Melvin Jones biography | publisher= The Points of Light Foundation | access-date= 2007-06-07 }}</ref>
* Swedish transit company [[Akersbanerne]] was established in [[Aker, Norway]] to operate the [[tram|tramway system]] in the area.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.byarkivet.oslo.kommune.no/OBA/sporveiene/ab.asp |author=Municipality of [[Oslo]] |title=A/S Akersbanerne |access-date=2008-08-08 |language=no}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Gwendolyn Brooks]], American poet, recipient for the [[Pulitzer Prize for Poetry]] for ''[[Annie Allen]]'', in [[Topeka, Kansas]] (d. [[2000]]); [[Dean Martin]], American singer, best known for popular hits "[[Everybody Loves Somebody]]", "[[Memories Are Made of This]]" and "[[That's Amore]]", his comedic work with [[Martin and Lewis]], member of the [[Rat Pack]], and films roles including ''[[Rio Bravo (film)|Rio Bravo]]'' and ''[[Ocean's 11]]'', in [[Steubenville, Ohio]] (d. [[1995]])

==Friday, June 8, 1917==
* [[Tenth Battle of the Isonzo]] – [[Chief of Staff of the Italian Army|Italian General]] [[Luigi Cadorna]] called off the battle after an Austro-Hungarian counteroffensive succeeded in pushing Italian forces back to the starting point. Italy sustained 157,000 casualties while [[Austria-Hungary]] was lower at 75,000 casualties.<ref>Thompson 2008 p. 251</ref>
* [[1917 French Army mutinies|French Army Mutinies]] – The [[French Army in World War I|French Army]] began to crack down on mutinying soldiers, resulting in 3,427 courts-martial. Close to 3,000 soldiers were sentenced to hard labor, and 629 were sentenced to death, although only 43 executions were actually carried out.<ref>Gilbert, pp. 333–334</ref> Rather than severe discipline, French army command rebuilt morale through a combination of rest periods, frequent rotations of the front-line units and regular home leave.<ref>Gilbert, Bentley B.,  and Paul P. Bernard. "The French Army Mutinies of 1917," ''Historian'' (1959) 22#1 pp 24–41</ref>
* [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] – The [[52nd Battalion (Australia)|Australian 52nd Battalion]] was mistaken for a German unit counterattacking and shelled, causing 325 casualties.<ref>Edmonds 1991 p. 84</ref>
* French [[troopship]] ''Sequanna'' was sunk in the [[Bay of Biscay]] by German [[submarine]] {{SMU|UC-72||6}} with the loss of 207 of the 665 people on board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/5525.html |title=Sequanna |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=28 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[Speculator Mine disaster]] – A fire at the Granite Mountain and Speculator ore mine outside [[Butte, Montana]], killed at least 168 workers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Butte, MT Speculator Mine Fire Disaster, June 1917|url=http://www.gendisasters.com/montana/3470/butte%2C-mt-speculator-mine-fire-disaster%2C-june-1917|website=GenDisasters.com|access-date=3 June 2017}}</ref>
* An earthquake measuring 6.7 in magnitude struck [[La Libertad Department (El Salvador)|La Libertad Department]], El Salvador. Some of the devastation was around [[San Salvador]] with at least 101 deaths reported.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=6877&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|title=Significant Earthquake EL SALVADOR: SAN SALVADOR | publisher=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]| date=June 8, 1917 | access-date=December 5, 2015}}</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st Infantry Division]], famously nicknamed "The Big Red One", at [[Fort Jay]], New York, under command of [[brigadier general]] [[William L. Sibert]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.history.army.mil/html/forcestruc/cbtchron/cc/001id.htm|title=Lineage and Honors Information: 1st Infantry Division |publisher=[[United States Army Center of Military History]] |access-date=3 November 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.riley.army.mil/AboutUs/History.aspx | title=The History of the 1st Infantry Division | publisher=U.S. Army | url-status=dead | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140507054033/http://www.riley.army.mil/AboutUs/History.aspx | archive-date=2014-05-07 }}</ref> It also established the [[1st Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division (United States)|1st]] and [[2nd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Infantry Division|2nd Brigade Combat Teams]] at [[Fort Wadsworth]], New York.<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KWrLJj-iTlAC | title=The Brigade: A History, Its Organization and Employment in the US Army | publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press | author=McGrath, John J. | year=2004 |pages=28–29| isbn=9781428910225 }}</ref>
* The [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marines]] established the [[5th Marine Regiment]] for service in Europe.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.i-mef.usmc.mil/div/5Mar/default.asp |title=5th Marine Regiment |publisher=[[United States Marine Corps]] |access-date=August 20, 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206151052/http://www.i-mef.usmc.mil/div/5Mar/default.asp |archive-date=February 6, 2012 }}</ref> 
* New Zealand [[flying ace]] [[Thomas Culling]] was killed during a dogfight against a German naval plane. He had six victories to his credit when he died.<ref>{{cite book |title= Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces 1915–1920 |page= 128 }}</ref>
* The first [[flight test|test flight]] of the [[Beardmore W.B.1|Beardmore]] [[bomber]] aircraft was conducted.<ref>{{cite book |title= The British Bomber since 1912|last=Lewis |first=Peter |year=1980|edition= Third |publisher=Putnam |location= London|isbn= 0-370-30265-6 |page=72}}</ref> 
* '''Born:''' [[George D. Wallace]], American actor, best known for his lead role in the science fiction film serial ''[[Radar Men from the Moon]]'' and lead [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] roles such as ''[[New Girl in Town]]'', in New York City (d. [[2005]]); [[Byron White]], [[American football]] player and judge, [[Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States]] from [[1962]] to [[1993]], played [[halfback (American football)|halfback]] for the [[Pittsburgh Steelers|Pittsburgh Pirates]] ([[National Football League|NFL]]) and [[Detroit Lions]] from [[1938]] to [[1941]], in [[Fort Collins, Colorado]] (d. [[2002]])
* '''Died:''' [[Charles Henry Brown]], New Zealand army officer, commander of the [[1st Brigade (New Zealand)|New Zealand 1st Brigade]] (killed in action during the [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] (b. [[1872]])

==Saturday, June 9, 1917==
* The [[Evangelical Lutheran Church (United States)|Norwegian Lutheran Church of America]] was established through the merger of three other [[Lutheranism|Lutheran churches]]. It changed to its present-day name [[American Lutheran Church]] when it merged with two other [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] religious organizations in [[1960]].<ref>[http://www.wctatel.net/web/scarvillelutheran/merger.htm ''The Merger of 1917'' (by the Rev. Theodore A. Aaberg)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719005136/http://www.wctatel.net/web/scarvillelutheran/merger.htm |date=2011-07-19 }}</ref>
* British army officer [[Victor Richardson (British Army officer)|Victor Richardson]] died from a complication to a head injury he received during start of the [[Battle of Arras (1917)|Battle of Arras]] in April. His friend, [[Vera Brittain]], immortalized his experiences and passing in her memoir ''[[Testament of Youth]]'', along with her fiancé [[Roland Leighton]], who was killed in action in [[1915]].<ref>{{London Gazette|issue=30135|page=5997|date=15 June 1917}}</ref>
* The Persian political magazine ''[[Jangal (magazine)|Jangal]]'' released its first issue and would be active for about a year.<ref>cf. Wahied Wahdat-Hagh (2003): ''Die Islamische Republik Iran. Die Herrschaft des politischen Islam als eine Spielart des Totalitarismus'', Münster.</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Thomas Davis (Cook Islands politician)|Tom Davis]], New Zealand state leader, second [[Prime Minister of the Cook Islands]], in [[Rarotonga]], [[Cook Islands]] (d. [[2007]]);  [[Eric Hobsbawm]], British historian, best known for British economic trilogy ''[[The Age of Revolution: Europe 1789–1848|The Age of Revolution]]'', ''[[The Age of Capital: 1848–1875|The Age of Capital]]'' and ''[[The Age of Empire: 1875–1914|The Age of Empire]]'', in [[Alexandria]], [[Egypt]] (d. [[2012]])
* '''Died:''' [[William Christopher Macdonald]], Canadian industrialist and academic, co-founder of [[Macdonald Tobacco]], 4th [[List of McGill University people|Chancellor of McGill University]] (b. [[1831]])

==Sunday, June 10, 1917==
* The [[Ukrainian People's Republic]] was established as part of the [[Russian Republic]] but later declared its independence January 25, 1918.<ref>[[Serhy Yekelchyk]], [https://books.google.com/books?id=yZLtAAAAMAAJ&q=Ukraine:+Birth+of+a+Modern+Nation Ukraine: Birth of a Modern Nation], [[Oxford University Press]] (2007), {{ISBN|978-0-19-530546-3}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] – Australian and New Zealand forces attacked the German-held village of Blauwepoortbeek, [[Belgium]].<ref name="Edmonds 1991 pp. 85–87">Edmonds 1991 pp. 85–87</ref>
* [[Battle of Mount Ortigara]] – The Italian 52nd Alpine Division captured the summit of [[Mount Ortigara]] in [[Asiago]], Italy, a key defensive position for the Austro-Hungarian Army.<ref>{{cite book| last = Gooch | first = John |ref=Gooch | publication-date = 2014| year = 2014 | title = The Italian Army and the First World War| publisher = Cambridge University Press | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=pCOjAwAAQBAJ |isbn=9780521193078 |page=222}}</ref>
* General [[Giacinto Ferrero]], commander of Italian forces in [[Albania]], promised freedom and independence of the country under the protection of Italy. The proclamation had been approved by Foreign Minister [[Sidney Sonnino]] without consulting the Council of Ministers, provoking strong reactions on the part of ministers including Republican [[Ubaldo Comandini]] and socialist reformists [[Leonida Bissolati]] and [[Ivanoe Bonomi]], who presented their resignation in protest to Prime Minister [[Paolo Boselli]].<ref>{{in lang|it}} [http://storia.camera.it/cronologia/leg-regno-XXIV#nav XXIV Legislatura del Regno d'Italia dal 27 novembre 1913 al 29 settembre 1919], Camera dei deputati, Portale storico (retrieved 29 May 2016)</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] [[cruiser]] {{HMS|Grafton|1892|6}} was struck by a [[torpedo]] fired by German [[submarine]] {{SMU|UB-43||6}} off the coast of [[Malta]]. However, the ship had been upgraded with anti-torpedo bulges in the hull that limited the damage and allowed the ship to get to port for repair.<ref>{{cite web | last = Helgason | first = Guðmundur | title = Ships hit during WWI: Grafton (hms) | url = http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2587.html | work = U-Boat War in World War I | publisher = Uboat.net | access-date = 11 February 2009 }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Evan Peter Aurand]], American naval officer, son of naval officer [[Henry Aurand]], commander of the ''[[USS Independence (CV-62)|USS ''Independence'']]'' and [[USS Greenwich Bay|USS ''Greenwich Bay'']], recipient of the [[Navy Cross]] and the [[Legion of Merit]] three times, in New York City (d. [[1989]]); [[Ruari McLean]], Scottish designer, best known for his [[typography|typographical work]] with [[Penguin Books]], and British magazines ''[[The Observer]]'', ''[[The Economist]]'', and ''[[New Scientist]]'', in [[Newton Stewart]], [[Galloway]], [[Scotland]] (d. [[2006]]); [[Al Schwimmer]], American-Israeli business leader, founder and CEO of [[Israel Aerospace Industries]], in New York City (d. [[2011]])

==Monday, June 11, 1917==
* King [[Constantine I of Greece|Constantine]] abdicated the throne over internal and external pressure to allow [[Greece]] to participate in [[World War I]] and was succeeded by his son [[Alexander of Greece|Alexander]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Van der Kiste |first=John |author-link=John Van der Kiste |title=Kings of the Hellenes |year=1994 |publisher=Sutton Publishing |isbn=0-7509-2147-1}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] – The Germans evacuated Blauwepoortbeek, [[Belgium]], allowing the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] to secure their right flank of their front line east of [[Mesen|Messines]], Belgium.<ref name="Edmonds 1991 pp. 85–87"/>
* The [[Ekeberg Line]] for trams began operating in [[Oslo]] including stations [[Bråten tram stop|Bråten]], [[Ekebergparken tram stop|Ekebergparken]], [[Holtet tram stop|Holtet]], [[Jomfrubråten tram stop|Jomfrubråten]], [[Kastellet tram stop|Kastellet]], [[Sæter tram stop|Sæter]], [[Sørli tram stop|Sørli]], and [[Sportsplassen tram stop|Sportsplassen]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Andersen |first=Bjørn |title=Ekebergbanen 75 år; |publisher=[[Oslo Tramway Museum|Lokaltrafikkhistorisk Forening]] |location=Oslo |year=1992 |isbn=82-91223-00-9 |language=no |page=13}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |author=Aspenberg, Nils Carl |title=Trikker og forstadsbaner i Oslo |publisher=[[Baneforlaget]] |location=Oslo |year=1994 |page=15 |isbn=82-91448-03-5|author-link=Nils Carl Aspenberg }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Berle Adams]], American music executive, co-founder of the [[Mercury Records]] and senior executive at [[MCA Records|MCA]], in Chicago (d. [[2009]]); [[Boyce McDaniel]], American physicist, member of the [[Manhattan Project]], in [[Brevard, North Carolina]] (d. [[2002]])

==Tuesday, June 12, 1917==
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[33rd Special Operations Squadron|33rd]], [[35th Fighter Squadron|35th]], and [[36th Fighter Squadron|36th Aero Squadrons]].<ref>Series "E", Volume 7, History of the 30th–37th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* The [[Adventist University of the Philippines]] was established in [[Silang, Cavite]], [[Philippines]] as a Christian secondary school for boys and girls.<ref>[http://www.aup.edu.ph/3/?q=node/1&aolisurl=aupweb5/AboutAUP/BriefHistory.html Brief History]  {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090505155250/http://www.aup.edu.ph/3/?q=node%2F1&aolisurl=aupweb5%2FAboutAUP%2FBriefHistory.html |date=May 5, 2009 }}. Adventist University of the Philippines. Retrieved 2009-08-25</ref>
* The opera ''[[Palestrina (opera)|Palestrina]]'' by German composer [[Hans Pfitzner]] debuted at the [[Prinzregententheater|Prince Regent Theater]] in Munich.<ref>Guy Rickards, "First Performances: Pfitzner's 'Palestrina'".  ''Tempo'' (New Ser.), '''201''', pp. 35–37 (July 1997).</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Teresa Carreño]], Venezuelan pianist and composer, known for her performance collaborations with English conductor [[Henry Wood]], and compositions including ''Gottschalk Waltz'' and ''A Tear'' (b. [[1853]])

==Wednesday, June 13, 1917==
[[File:Gotha G.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Contemporary illustration of a Gotha crew in action]]
[[File:ChildrensofFatima.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Sister Lúcia|Lúcia dos Santos]] (left) with her cousins [[Francisco and Jacinta Marto]], 1917]]
* The first major bombing raid on London killed 162 people and injured another 432, including more than 40 schoolchildren when a single bomb hit a primary school in [[Poplar, London|Poplar]], London. Despite 92 British aircraft taking off to intercept the raid, the 14 German [[Gotha G.IV|Gotha]] [[bomber]]s involved in the raid returned safely to base.<ref>Frankland, Noble, ''Bomber Offensive: The Devastation of Europe'', New York: Ballantine Books Inc., 1970, p. 11.</ref> As the third raid of [[German bombing of Britain, 1914–1918|Operation Türkenkreuz]], a total of 118 [[bomb]]s were dropped, inflicting more casualties in a single day than all the German [[airship]] attacks on England combined up to that point.<ref>Chant, Chris, ''The World's Great Bombers'', New York: Barnes & Noble Books, 2000, {{ISBN|0-7607-2012-6}}, p. 29.</ref>
* An [[Ashton-under-Lyne munitions explosion|explosion]] at a munitions factory in [[Ashton-under-Lyne]], England, killed 43 people and devastated much of the surrounding area.<ref>''Ashton Munitions Explosion'' by John Billings and David Copland. {{ISBN|0-904506-17-7}}</ref>
* Ten-year-old [[Sister Lúcia|Lúcia Santos]] and her cousins [[Francisco and Jacinta Marto]] of Cova da Iria, near [[Fátima, Portugal]], experienced a second heavenly vision later named [[Our Lady of Fátima]] during the [[Anthony of Padua|Feast of Saint Anthony]]. They were told Francisco and Jacinta would return to heaven soon while Lúcia would live longer to spread the message of the [[Immaculate Heart of Mary]] (the cousins died during the [[Spanish flu|1918 flu pandemic]]).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint.php?n=485|title=OUR LADY OF FATIMA :: Catholic News Agency (CNA)|access-date=8 September 2016|archive-date=25 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225102209/https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/saint/our-lady-of-fatima-485|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] patrol ship {{USS|McCulloch|1897|6}} collided with a passenger ship and sank in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California.<ref>{{cite web|title=McCulloch, 1897|url=http://www.uscg.mil/history/webcutters/McCulloch1897.pdf|website=United States Coast Guard|access-date=5 June 2017}}</ref>
* American [[cargo ship]] {{SS|Manchuria|1903|2}} collided with [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] ship {{USS|Amphitrite|BM-2|6}} in [[New York Harbor]]. The ship was towed to [[Tompkinsville, Staten Island]] where it was repaired.<ref>{{cite DANFS |url= http://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/a/amphitrite-ii.html |title= USS Amphitrite II}}</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[911th Air Refueling Squadron|21st]],<ref>Series "E", Volume 4, History of the History of the 16th, 17th, and 19th–21st Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> [[25th Aero Squadron|25th]],<ref>Series "E", Volume 6, History of the 25th–27th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> [[30th Bombardment Squadron|30th]], [[37th Bomb Squadron|37th]],<ref name="Gorrell, Series E, vol. 7"/> and [[43rd Fighter Squadron|43rd Aero Squadrons]].<ref name="autogenerated1917"/>
* Oil industrialist [[Frank Phillips (oil industrialist)|Frank Phillips]] and his brother Lee founded the [[Phillips Petroleum Company]] in [[Bartlesville, Oklahoma]], and began marketing many of its [[petroleum|oil products]] as [[Phillips 66]].<ref>{{cite book |last= Aaseng |first= Nathan |year= 2000 |title= Business Builders in Oil |publisher= The Oliver Press, Inc |isbn= 1-881508-56-0 |url-access= registration |url= https://archive.org/details/businessbuilders0000aase_l2c9 }} P. 104.</ref><ref>"[https://web.archive.org/web/19980111004106/http://www.phillips66.com/who.html Who We Are]." Phillips Petroleum Company. January 11, 1998. Retrieved on January 16, 2010.</ref>
* [[Protestant]] secondary school [[Colegio San Andrés]] was founded in [[Lima]] by Scottish missionary [[John A. Mackay]].<ref>{{cite web| title=Historia/Origenes|url=http://www.sanandres.edu.pe/historia.htm|website=Colegio San Andres|access-date=9 April 2017|language=es}}</ref> 
* '''Born:''' [[Augusto Roa Bastos]], Paraguayan writer, author of the novels ''[[Hijo de hombre]]'' and ''[[I, the Supreme]]'', in [[Asunción]], [[Paraguay]] (d. [[2005]]); [[Walter T. Kerwin Jr.]], American army officer, [[United States Army Forces Command]] from [[1973]] to [[1974]], and [[Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Army]] from [[1974]] to [[1978]], in [[West Chester, Pennsylvania]] (d. [[2008]]); [[Wim van Norden]], Dutch journalist, founder of the resistance newspaper ''[[Het Parool]]'' during [[World War II]], in [[Bussum]], [[Netherlands]] (d. [[2015]])
* '''Died:''' [[Louis-Philippe Hébert]], Canadian sculpture, best known for statues of Canadian and British Empire leaders and pioneers in [[Ottawa]], Quebec City and [[Montreal]], including [[John A. Macdonald]], [[George-Étienne Cartier]], [[Alexander Mackenzie (politician)|Alexander Mackenzie]], and [[Queen Victoria]] (b. [[1850]])

==Thursday, June 14, 1917==
[[File:Australian military truck travelling to Hill 63 during an attack on the ANZAC batteries in Messines (AWM E00649).jpg|thumb|right|200px|{{centre|Australian truck near the front during the [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]].}}]]
* [[Battle of Messines (1917)|Battle of Messines]] – The British secured their front line near [[Mesen|Messines]], [[Belgium]], formally ending the battle. Casualties for the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] were 24,562 while German losses were estimated at 25,000, including 10,000 missing and 7,200 taken prisoner.<ref>Edmonds 1991 p. 88</ref><ref>{{cite book |series=Der Weltkrieg 1914 bis 1918 Die militärischen Operationen zu Lande |volume=XII |title=Die Kriegsführung im Frühjahr 1917 |trans-title=Warfare in the Spring of 1917 |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |year=2012 |orig-year=1939 |publisher=Mittler |location=Berlin |edition=Die digitale landesbibliotek Oberösterreich |url=http://digi.landesbibliothek.at/viewer/image/AC01860055/1/LOG_0003/ |access-date=18 November 2013 |oclc=310653206|page=471}}</ref>
* German [[submarine]] {{SMU|U-82||6}} sank British [[cargo ship]] ''Highbury'' in the Atlantic Ocean, killing all 40 crew on board.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/2841.html |title=Highbury |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=21 October 2012}}</ref>
* German [[submarine]] {{SMU|U-100||6}} sank Norwegian [[cargo ship]] ''Cedarbank'' in the [[North Sea]] with the loss of 26 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7389.html |title=Cedarbank |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=24 October 2012}}</ref>
* A [[Royal Naval Air Service]] [[Curtiss Model H|Curtiss]] [[flying boat]] shot down German [[Zeppelin]] [[List of Zeppelins#Zeppelins constructed during World War I|''L.43'']] over the [[North Sea]], killing the entire crew.<ref>Whitehouse 1966, pp. 211–212</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] air service established the [[9th Aero Squadron|9th]],<ref>Series "E", Volume 2, History of the 9th and 10th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> [[13th Aero Squadron|13th]],<ref>Series "E", Volume 3, History of the 11th–13th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> and [[19th Fighter Squadron|19th Aero Squadrons]].<ref name="Gorrell, Series E, vol. 4">Gorrell, Series "E", vol. 4</ref>
* The [[Nan Hua High School]] for girls was established in Singapore, becoming a co-educational school in [[1984]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nanhuahigh.moe.edu.sg/heritage/history|title=Our History, Nan Hua High School}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Lise Nørgaard]], Danish journalist and writer, creator of the Danish television series ''[[Matador (Danish TV series)|Matador]]'', in [[Roskilde]], [[Denmark]] (d. [[2023]]); [[Atle Selberg]], Norwegian mathematician, recipient of the [[Fields Medal]] for work in [[analytic number theory]], in [[Langesund]], [[Norway]] (d. [[2007]]); [[Vlado Dapčević]], Yugoslav revolutionary leader, partisan leader during [[World War II]], opponent of Yugoslav President [[Josip Broz Tito]], founder of the [[Party of Labour (Serbia)|Party of Labour of Serbia]], in [[Cetinje]], [[Montenegro]] (d. [[2001]])
* '''Died:''' [[Thomas W. Benoist]], American aircraft pilot, established the [[St. Petersburg–Tampa Airboat Line]], the world's first scheduled airline (b. [[1874]])

==Friday, June 15, 1917==
* The United States enacted the [[Espionage Act of 1917|Espionage Act]].<ref>Moynihan, ''Secrecy'', 96; Herbert Yardley, ''The American Black Chamber'' (Bobbs-Merrill, 1931)</ref> On the same day, U.S. authorities made the first charges under the act against ''[[The Blast (magazine)|Blast]]'' [[publishing|magazine publisher]] [[Alexander Berkman]] and political activist [[Emma Goldman]] for "conspiracy to induce persons not to register" under [[conscription]] by way of editorials in their magazine.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Weinberger |first=Harry |year=1920 |title=The Emma Goldman and Alexander Berkman Case |journal=The American Labor Year Book |volume=III |publisher=Rand School of Social Science |location=New York |oclc=149637799 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Ypo7AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA105|pages=105–107}}</ref>
* Senior officers with the [[Republic of China Navy|Chinese Navy]] challenged the military authority of [[Duan Qirui]], commander of the [[Beiyang Army]] in Beijing, by formally supporting the [[1912]] constitution prior to it being dissolved by the late president [[Yuan Shikai]]. The crisis led to current Chinese president [[Li Yuanhong]] to convince Duan to relent and allow the constitution to be reinstated.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Bonavia|first1=David|title=China's Warlords|date=1995|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-586179-5|page=46}}</ref>
* Norwegian passenger ship {{SS|Kristianiafjord|1912|2}} was wrecked off the coast of [[Newfoundland (island)|Newfoundland]] due to a navigation error, with all 1,144 passengers and crew on-board rescued.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=krisf | title = S/S Kristianiafjord (1), NAL – The Norwegian-America Line | publisher = Norway-Heritage: Hands Across the Sea | access-date = 2007-11-28}}</ref>
* [[United States Navy]] [[cruiser]] {{USS|Olympia|C-6|6}} ran aground in [[Long Island Sound]] off [[Block Island]]; it was later repaired and returned to service.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=U.S. cruiser aground. |date=28 June 1917 |page=6 |issue=41516 |column=B }}</ref>
* Swedish murder defendant [[Hilda Nilsson]] was convicted on eight counts of murder (all foster children) and sentenced to death by [[guillotine]].<ref name="aftonbladet1">{{cite web|url = http://www.aftonbladet.se/wendela/article11374684.ab|title = Hon mördade fosterbarnen i tvättstugan|trans-title=She murdered children in the wash room |access-date = 1 December 2015|language = sv|last = Dahlgren|first = Charlotta|date = 15 March 2008|publisher = [[Aftonbladet]]|website = Wendela}}</ref>
* [[Pope Benedict XV|Pope Benedict]] released the [[encyclical]] ''[[Humani generis redemptionem]]'', stating the increasing number of Christian preachers was inverse to the effect of that preaching on congregations.<ref>{{cite web|title=Full text of the encyclical '''Humani Generis Redemptionem ''' of Benedict XV|url=https://www.vatican.va/.../encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xv_enc_15061917_humani-generis-redemptionem_en.html|website=Vatican.va}}</ref>
* [[Australian Flying Corps]] established air squadrons [[No. 5 Squadron RAAF|No. 5]]<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_10845.asp |title=5 (Training) Squadron AFC |work=First World War, 1914–1918 units |publisher=Australian War Memorial |access-date=9 November 2013}}</ref> and [[No. 6 Squadron RAAF|No. 6]].<ref>{{cite web|title=6 (Training) Squadron AFC| url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_10848.asp| work=Units| publisher=Australian War Memorial| access-date=6 July 2011}}</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[27th Aero Squadron]].<ref>Gorrell Series "E", vol. 6</ref>
* The [[Fremont Bridge (Seattle)|Fremont Bridge]] opened for traffic in [[Seattle]].<ref>{{cite book | last= Holstine | first = Craig E. | title = Spanning Washington : Historic Highway Bridges of the Evergreen State | publisher = Washington State University Press | pages = 103–104 | year = 2005 | isbn = 0-87422-281-8 }}</ref>
* [[Cocoa High School]] was established in [[Cocoa, Florida]]; it was renamed [[Rockledge High School]] in [[1970]].<ref>{{Cite news | first=Brian | last=McCullum | title=Holland remembers transitional times | newspaper=Florida Today | location=Melbourne, Florida| page= 2 | date=March 20, 2016 }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[John B. Fenn]], American [[chemist]], recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Chemistry]] for his work in [[analytical chemistry]], in New York City (d. [[2010]]); [[Lash LaRue]], American actor, best known for character roles and stunt work in [[Western (genre)|Westerns]], famously taught [[Harrison Ford]] the [[bullwhip]] stunt work for the [[Indiana Jones]] trilogy, in [[Gretna, Louisiana]] (d. [[1996]])
* '''Died:''' [[Kristian Birkeland]], Norwegian physicist, discovered the [[Birkeland current]] which causes the [[aurora]] effect in polar regions, inventor of the [[coilgun]] (b. [[1867]]); [[Robert Bell (Canadian geologist)|Robert Bell]], Canadian geologist, credited with naming over 3,000 geographic features in Canada, including mappings for the [[Hudson Bay]], [[Lake Superior]] and the [[Athabasca oil sands]] (b. [[1841]]); [[Harry Buxton Forman]], British literary critic, noted biographer of poets [[Percy Bysshe Shelley|Percy Shelley]] and [[John Keats]], collaborated with [[Thomas James Wise]] on forging many first edition Georgian and Victorian works (b. [[1842]])

==Saturday, June 16, 1917==
* The first [[All-Russian Congress of Soviets]] was held with close to 1,100 delegates in attendance, most with [[Socialist Revolutionary Party]] that supported the [[Russian Provisional Government]].<ref>Leonard Schapiro, ''The Origin of the Communist Autocracy: Political Opposition in the Soviet State First Phase 1917–1922'', Second Edition, New York: MacMillan Press, 1977, p. 41, 363.</ref>
* Five [[Imperial German Navy]] [[Zeppelin]]s attempted a high-altitude raid on London but only two managed to arrive over England. Airship ''L 42'' attacked [[Ramsgate]], inflicting [[Pound sterling|£]]29,000 pounds in damage, killing three civilians, and injuring another 14 civilians and two [[Royal Navy]] personnel. The second airship, ''L 48'', bombed open fields outside [[Harwich]], before [[Royal Flying Corps]] Lieutenant L. P. Watkins of [[No. 37 Squadron RAF|No. 37 Squadron]] shot her down, killing 14 of the 17 men on board and fatally injuring one of the survivors.<ref>Whitehouse 1966, pp. 198–201</ref>
* The ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'', the air arm of the [[Imperial German Army]], established [[squadron (aviation)|air squadron]] ''[[Jagdstaffel 81]]''.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta81.php |title=Jasta 81 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref>
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[17th Aero Squadron|17th]], [[23rd Bomb Squadron|18th]],<ref>Gorrell Series "E", vol. 4</ref> and [[22nd Aero Squadron]]s.<ref name="Gorrell Series E, vol. 9">Gorrell Series "E", vol. 9</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Katharine Graham]], American publisher, editor of ''[[The Washington Post]]'' during the [[Watergate scandal]], recipient of the [[Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography]] for her memoir ''[[Personal History]]'', in New York City (d. [[2001]]); [[Irving Penn]], American photographer, best known for his work with ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', in [[Plainfield, New Jersey]] (d. [[2009]])
* '''Died:''' [[Joseph Diggle]], British clergy, chair of the [[London School Board]] from [[1885]] to [[1894]] (b. [[1849]])

==Sunday, June 17, 1917==
* The [[Dominion of Newfoundland]] [[Daylight Saving Act of 1917|adopted]] [[daylight saving time]], becoming the first jurisdiction in North America to do so.<ref>Mention of 1988 Act repealing the 1918 act at [http://laws.justice.gc.ca/en/publaw/212614_10127.html Daylight Saving Act — 1918, c. 2]</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] [[destroyer]] {{HMS|Tartar|1907|6}} struck a [[naval mine|mine]] and was damaged in the [[English Channel]] with the loss of 45 of her crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7462.html |title=Tartar |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=24 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] Colonel [[Raynal Bolling]] traveled to France as head of the U.S. aeronautical commission to study the types of military aircraft being used by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], and determine what types of aircraft to be manufactured in the United States for [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] use.<ref>{{cite book| title = The United States in the First World War: An Encyclopedia| editor = Venzon, Anne Cipriano | year = 1999| publisher = Routledge|isbn = 0-8153-3353-6| pages = 98–99}}</ref>
* [[Charlie Chaplin]] released the romantic comedy ''[[The Immigrant (1917 film)|The Immigrant]]'' with [[Edna Purviance]], a regular lead in his films, as the love interest.<ref>[http://www.silentcomedians.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=14370 SilentComedians entry] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140112221027/http://www.silentcomedians.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=14370 |date=2014-01-12 }}</ref> 
* '''Born:''' [[Dufferin Roblin]], Canadian politician, 14th [[List of premiers of Manitoba|Premier of Manitoba]], in [[Winnipeg]] (d. [[2010]])
* '''Died:''' [[José Manuel Pando]], Bolivian state leader, 30th [[President of Bolivia]] (b. [[1849]])

==Monday, June 18, 1917==
* The ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'' established [[squadron (aviation)|air squadron]] ''[[Jagdstaffel 41]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta41.php |title=Jasta 41 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Richard Boone]], American actor, best known for his work in [[Western (genre)|Westerns]] including the television series ''[[Have Gun – Will Travel]]'', in Los Angeles (d. [[1981]]); [[Tang Ti-sheng]], Chinese opera singer and composer, known for works including ''Bird at Sunset'', ''Red Tears of an Aspen'' and ''The Reincarnation of Lady Plum Blossom'', in [[Heilongjiang]], China (d. [[1959]]); [[Jack Womer]], American soldier, member of the [[Filthy Thirteen]] of the [[101st Airborne Division]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Legion of Honour]] and [[Bronze Star Medal]], in [[Lewistown, Pennsylvania]] (d. [[2013]]) 
* '''Died:''' [[Titu Maiorescu]], Romanian state leader, 23rd [[Prime Minister of Romania]] (b. [[1840]])

==Tuesday, June 19, 1917==
* [[French Navy]] [[submarine]] {{ship|French submarine|Ariane|1914|2}} was torpedoed and sunk in the [[Mediterranean Sea]] off the coast of [[Tunisia]] by German [[submarine]] {{SMU|UC-22}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.naval-history.net/WW1NavyFrench.htm |title=French Navy |publisher=Naval History |access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/441.html |title=Ariane|publisher=Uboat.net|access-date=29 November 2012}}</ref>
* A [[solar eclipse of June 19, 1917|partial solar eclipse]] occurred over the Arctic Ocean.<ref>{{Partial solar eclipse NASA reference|1901/SE1917Jun19P|19170619}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Robert Karnes]], American actor, best known for his supporting role in the television crime series ''[[The Lawless Years]]'', in [[Paducah, Kentucky]] (d. [[1979]]); [[Robert Baker Aitken]], American religious leader, founding member of the [[Buddhist Peace Fellowship]], in [[Philadelphia]] (d. [[2010]]); [[Joshua Nkomo]], Zimbabwe state leader, first [[Vice-President of Zimbabwe]], in [[Matabeleland South Province]], [[Southern Rhodesia]] (d. [[1999]])

==Wednesday, June 20, 1917==
* The British [[war cabinet]] increased the size of the [[Royal Flying Corps]] from 108 to 200 [[squadron (aviation)|squadrons]], with most of increase coming in [[bomber]] units.<ref>Chant 2000, p. 29</ref>
* [[United States Secretary of the Navy]] [[Josephus Daniels]] rejected [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] Lieutenant [[Kenneth Whiting]]'s proposal to acquire a ship with an [[aircraft catapult]] and a [[flight deck]], the first serious consideration of acquiring aviation ships since the [[American Civil War]].<ref name="Layman 1989, p. 116"/>
* A rail line {{convert|20|mi|km|1|abbr=off}} in length between [[Gingindlovu]] and [[Eshowe]], South Africa was completed.<ref>''Statement Showing, in Chronological Order, the Date of Opening and the Mileage of Each Section of Railway'', Statement No. 19, p. 188, ref. no. 200954-13</ref>

==Thursday, June 21, 1917==
* [[Aubin-Edmond Arsenault]] replaced [[John Alexander Mathieson]] to become the 13th [[Premier of Prince Edward Island]].
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[8th Aero Squadron|8th]]<ref>Series "E", Volume 9, History of the 1st and 8th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> and [[12th Aero Squadron]]s.<ref name="Gorrell, Series E, vol. 3">Gorrell, Series "E", vol. 3</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Robert George Broadwood]], British army officer, noted commander during the [[Second Boer War]] and [[World War I]] (b. [[1862]])

==Friday, June 22, 1917==
[[File:BURNS, MISS LUCY. OF C.U.W.S. LCCN2016865295.jpg|thumb|150px|Suffragist [[Lucy Burns]]]]
* Police in Washington, D.C., arrested [[Lucy Burns]], a prominent member of the suffragist protest group [[Silent Sentinels]], for obstructing traffic with a banner quoting U.S. President [[Woodrow Wilson]]'s speech to [[United States Congress]]: "We shall fight for the things which we have always carried nearest our hearts—for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments." The charges were later dropped.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Stevens|first1=Doris|title=Jailed for Freedom|date=1920|publisher=Liverright Publishing|location=New York, NY}}</ref> 
* The [[United States Army]] established the [[28th Aero Squadron]].<ref name="autogenerated1917">Series "E", Volume 7, History of the 28th-43d Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* The British [[Port Victoria P.V.7|Port Victoria]] fighter aircraft was first flown.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Mason|first1=Francis K.|title=The British Fighter since 1912|date=1992|publisher=Naval Institute Press|location=Annapolis, Maryland|isbn=1-55750-082-7|page=111}}</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Yevgeni Bauer]], Russian film director, one of the founding filmmakers of Russian cinema including films ''[[Silent Witnesses]]'' and ''[[The King of Paris (1917 film)|The King of Paris]]'' (b. [[1865]]); [[Kristian Zahrtmann]], Danish painter, member of the [[realism (art movement)|realism]] and [[Realism (arts)|naturalism]] movements in [[Denmark]] and historical Danish subjects (b. [[1843]])

==Saturday, June 23, 1917==
* Italy established an [[Italian protectorate over Albania]] in an effort to secure a ''[[de jure]]'' independent [[Albania]] under Italian control (until the summer of [[1920]]).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://flagspot.net/flags/al_w1914.html#kor |title=Republic of Korçë (1917–1918) |author=Jaume Ollé |date=July 15, 1996 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111124044610/http://flagspot.net/flags/al_w1914.html#kor |archive-date=November 24, 2011 |url-status=live |access-date=January 12, 2011}}</ref>
* The German [[sailing ship]] ''{{ship||Priwall|barque|2}}'' was launched by [[Blohm+Voss|Blohm & Voss]] in Hamburg. The ship was primarily used for shipping [[nitrate]] along South America.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bruzelius.info/Nautica/Ships/Fourmast_ships/Priwall%281917%29.html |title=Priwall |publisher=Lars Bruzelius |access-date=17 February 2010}}</ref>
* Norwegian-American tennis player [[Molla Mallory|Molla Bjurstedt]] retained her championship title in the [[1917 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles|U.S. National Women's Singles Championships]] by defeating [[Marion Vanderhoef]] in three sets.<ref>{{cite book| last=Collins| first=Bud| author-link=Bud Collins| title=The Bud Collins History of Tennis| year=2016| publisher=New Chapter Press| location=New York| isbn=978-1-937559-38-0|page=497|edition=3rd}}</ref>
* In baseball's greatest relief effort, Eddie Shore of the [[Boston Red Sox]] retired all 26 batters he faced to gain a 4–0 victory over the [[History of the Washington Senators (1901–1960)|Washington Senators]]. Shore relived [[Babe Ruth]] with nobody out and a man on first, who was cut down stealing.

==Sunday, June 24, 1917==
* The ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'' (German Air Force) combined four [[Squadron (aviation)|fighter squadrons]] to form [[Jagdgeschwader I (World War I)|''Jagdgeschwader'' 1]], the first German ([[wing (military unit)|fighter wing]]). [[Manfred von Richthofen]] was promoted to commanding officer of the unit.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ace for the Ages: World War I Fighter Pilot Manfred von Richthofen|url=http://www.historynet.com/red-baron-world-war-i-ace-fighter-pilot-manfred-von-richthofen.htm|website=HistoryNet|access-date=22 July 2017}}</ref>
* [[Douglas Fairbanks]] starred in the [[Western (genre)|Western]] ''[[Wild and Woolly (1917 film)|Wild and Woolly]]'', co-starring [[Eileen Percy]] and directed by [[John Emerson (filmmaker)|John Emerson]]. The film was considered a personal favorite of Fairbanks. Prints of the film are preserved in the [[Library of Congress]] and [[National Film Registry]].<ref>Vance, Jeffrey. Douglas Fairbanks (Berkeley, 2008), 47. {{ISBN|978-0-520-25667-5}}.</ref><ref>[http://www.silentera.com/PSFL/data/W/WildAndWoolly1917.html Progressive Silent Film List: ''Wild and Woolly''] at silentera.com</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Joan Clarke]], British mathematician, member of the code-breaking team at [[Bletchley Park]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Order of the British Empire]], in [[West Norwood]], London, England (d. [[1996]]); [[David Easton]], Canadian-American [[political science|political scientist]], developer of the political systems theory, in [[Toronto]] (d. [[2014]])
* '''Died:''' [[Dragutin Dimitrijević]], Serbian army officer, leader of secret Serbian military society [[Black Hand (Serbia)|Black Hand]] (executed) (b. [[1876]])

==Monday, June 25, 1917==
* [[Battle of Mount Ortigara]] – Shock troops with the Austro-Hungarian Army pushed 11 Italian divisions off the [[Mount Ortigara]] summit, regaining their important defensive position in [[Asiago]], Italy. Italy suffered 23,000 casualties while [[Austria-Hungary]] sustained only 9,000 casualties.<ref>Gooch 2014, p. 222</ref>
* Twelve women with the [[Silent Sentinels]], including [[Mabel Vernon]] and [[Annie Arniel]] from [[Delaware]], were arrested for obstructing traffic in Washington, D.C. The women forwent the $10 fine and instead chose to be jailed for three days.<ref>Stevens 1920</ref> 
* The [[British Army]] established the [[75th Division (United Kingdom)|75th Division]] under command of [[brigadier general|Brigadier-General]] [[Philip Palin]] using British, Indian and South African units, including the Palin's former unit, the [[29th Indian Brigade]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Becke|first1=Maj. A.F.| title=History of the Great War: Order of Battle of Divisions, Part 2b: the 2nd-Line Territorial Force Divisions (57th–69th), with the Home Service Divisions (71st–73rd) and 74th and 75th Divisions|date=1937|publisher=HM Stationery Office/Naval & Military Press|location=London/Uckfield|isbn=1-847347-39-8|pages=123–30}}</ref>
* [[Roscoe Arbuckle|"Fatty" Arbuckle]] and [[Buster Keaton]] co-directed and starred in the film comedy ''[[The Rough House]]''. It was the first film for Keaton behind the camera [[lens]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Knopf |first=Robert |title=The theater and cinema of Buster Keaton |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fU5qDx7tawIC&pg=PA179 |date=2 August 1999 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-00442-6 |page=179}}</ref>
* [[Ted "Kid" Lewis]] regained the [[List of world welterweight boxing champions|World Welterweight Championship]] from [[Jack Britton]] and held it until [[1919]].<ref>[http://www.ibhof.com/pages/about/inductees/oldtimer/britton.html International Boxing Hall of Fame – Jack Britton] IBHOF.com Retrieved on 2014-04-05</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Nils Karlsson]], Swedish [[cross-country skiing (sport)|cross-country skier]], gold medalist at the [[1948 Winter Olympics]], in Östnor, Dalarna, Sweden (d. [[2012]])

==Tuesday, June 26, 1917==
* [[William Melville Martin]] won a fourth consecutive majority in the [[1917 Saskatchewan general election|Saskatchewan election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Previous Elections – 1905–1956 |url=http://www.elections.sk.ca/previous-elections/historical---provincial-general-election-summaries/ |website=Elections Saskatchewan |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140407165609/http://www.elections.sk.ca/previous-elections/historical---provincial-general-election-summaries/ |access-date=19 April 2019|archive-date=2014-04-07 }}</ref>
* An [[1917 Samoa earthquake|earthquake]] measuring 8.5 struck [[Samoa]], the strongest ever recorded for that region. The quake created a [[tsunami]] measuring 40 feet in height that damaged parts of [[Samoa]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/nndc/struts/results?eq_0=3087&t=101650&s=13&d=22,26,13,12&nd=display|title=Significant Earthquake SAMOA ISLANDS | publisher=[[National Geophysical Data Center]]| date=June 26, 1917 | access-date=December 5, 2015}}</ref>
* [[Bisbee Deportation]] – Miners who were members of the [[Industrial Workers of the World]] trade union voted to strike at [[Copper Queen Mine]], owned by [[Phelps Dodge]], near [[Bisbee, Arizona]].<ref>Byrkit, James. "The Bisbee Deportation." In ''American Labor in the Southwest.'' James C. Foster, ed. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1982. {{ISBN|0-8165-0741-4}}</ref>
* The [[11th Aero Squadron|11th]],<ref name="Gorrell, Series E, vol. 3"/> [[20th Aero Squadron|20th]],<ref name="Gorrell, Series E, vol. 4"/> and [[31st Test and Evaluation Squadron|31st Aero Squadrons]] of the [[United States Army]] were established.<ref name="Gorrell, Series E, vol. 7">Gorrell, Series "E", vol. 7</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Ludwig Franzisket]], German air force officer, commander of ''[[Jagdgeschwader 27]]'' of the ''[[Luftwaffe]]'' during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross]] in Düsseldorf (d. [[1988]]); [[Peer de Silva]], American intelligence officer, chief of station for the [[Central Intelligence Agency]] in [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]], and [[Thailand]] during the [[Cold War]], recipient of the [[Legion of Merit]], in San Francisco (d. [[1978]])
* '''Died:''' [[John Dunville]], British army officer, recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]] (killed in action) (b. [[1896]])

==Wednesday, June 27, 1917==
[[Image:38cmBttrPommern.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Batterie Pommern]], aka 'Long Max' in [[Koekelare]], [[Belgium]], biggest gun in the world in [[1917]].]]
* The Germans completed [[Batterie Pommern]], the world's largest gun, in [[Koekelare]], Belgium. It fired its first barrage the same day into [[Dunkirk]] {{convert|50|km|mi|order=flip|abbr=on}} away.<ref>[[Lange Max Museum]]: temporary exhibition. De III. Flandernschlacht in onze regio.</ref>
* [[French Navy]] [[cruiser]] {{ship|French cruiser|Kléber||2}} struck a [[naval mine|mine]] and sank in the [[Bay of Biscay]] with the loss of 42 of her crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/7100.html |title=Kleber |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=21 December 2012}}</ref>
* [[French Navy]] [[cruiser]] {{ship|Greek destroyer|Doxa|1906|2}} was [[torpedo]]ed and sunk in the [[Aegean Sea]] by German [[submarine]] {{SMU|UB-47||6}}, with the loss of 29 lives.<ref>{{cite book|author1=Randal Gray|author2=Przemyslaw Budzbon|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V2r_TBjR2TYC&pg=PA386|access-date=28 October 2012|date=1 May 1985|publisher=[[United States Naval Institute|Naval Institute Press]]|isbn=978-0-87021-907-8|page=386}}</ref>
* German [[flying ace]] Lieutenant [[Karl Allmenröder]] was shot down and killed. His 30 victories tied him with five other pilots as the 28th-highest-scoring German ace of [[World War I]].<ref>Franks 1998, p. 63</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Prenk Jakova]], Albanian composer, known for works including the opera ''[[Mrika]]'', in [[Shkodër]], [[Albania]] (d. [[1969]], by suicide)

==Thursday, June 28, 1917==
* British and Canadian troops [[Capture of Oppy Wood|captured Oppy Wood]] near [[Arras]], France, from the Germans with less than a quarter of the casualties lost from an assault on the wood two months earlier.<ref>Edmonds 1991 p. 114</ref>
* British [[cargo ship]] ''Don Arturo'' was torpedoed and sunk in the Atlantic Ocean by German submarine {{SMU|UC-62||6}} with the loss of all 34 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1683.html |title=Don Arturo |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=22 December 2012}}</ref>
* Food shortages in the [[Netherlands]], particularly potatoes, due to [[World War I]] created [[1917 Potato riots|unrest]] in Amsterdam.<ref>{{cite news|title=Amsterdam Potato Riot|url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/07/02/96251708.pdf|work=The New York Times|issue=July 6, 1917|date=July 5, 1917}}</ref>
* [[Royal Naval Air Service]] [[flight commander]] [[Frederick Rutland]] used the recently commissioned [[Sopwith Pup]] aircraft to make the first successful take off from a flying-off platform that was mounted on [[Royal Navy]] [[light cruiser]] [[HMS Yarmouth (1911)|HMS ''Yarmouth'']].<ref>Sturtivant 1990, p. 215.</ref>
* [[William Waldorf Astor]], an American expatriate of the [[Astor family]] who became a British citizen, was awarded the noble title [[Viscount Astor]] by British monarchy for his contributions to business and finance in the United Kingdom.<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=30156 |date= 29 June 1917|page=6409}}</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Ștefan Luchian]], Romanian painter, known for his works including ''The Well on Clucerului Street'' and ''Old Man Nicolae the Fiddler'' (b. [[1868]])

==Friday, June 29, 1917==
* The [[4th Artillery Regiment (Portugal)|4th Artillery Regiment]] of [[Portugal]] was established.<ref>{{cite web|title=Cidadãos Nacionais Agraciados com Ordens Portuguesas|url=http://www.ordens.presidencia.pt/?idc=153|website=Ordens.Presidencia|publisher=Presidência da República Portuguesa|access-date=2016-06-04|language=pt}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Archie Green]], Canadian-American [[folklore studies|folklore critic]], credited for lobbying for legislation that lead to the establishment of the [[American Folklife Center]], in [[Winnipeg]] (d. [[2009]]); [[Mary Berry (conductor)|Mary Berry]], British conductor, founder of the Schola Gregoriana of [[Cambridge]] to revive the art of [[Gregorian chant]] (d. [[2008]])
* '''Died:''' [[Frans Schollaert]], Belgian state leader, 19th [[Prime Minister of Belgium]] (b. [[1851]])

==Saturday, June 30, 1917==
* Italian Socialist leader [[Filippo Turati]] called on the government to start peace negotiations.<ref>Camera dei deputati, Portale storico</ref>
* [[Royal Navy]] [[destroyer]] {{HMS|Cheerful|1897|6}} struck a mine and sank in the Atlantic Ocean with the loss of 40 of her 62 crew.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://uboat.net/wwi/ships_hit/1237.html |title=HMS Cheerful |publisher=Uboat.net |access-date=4 December 2012}}</ref>
* The ''[[Luftstreitkräfte]]'' established [[squadron (aviation)|air squadrons]] ''[[Jagdstaffel 38]]'',<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta38.php |title=Jasta 38 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref> ''[[Jagdstaffel 39|39]]''<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta39.php |title=Jasta 39 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref> and ''[[Jagdstaffel 40|40]]''.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theaerodrome.com/services/germany/jasta/jasta40.php |title=Jasta 40 |work=The Aerodrome |year=2015 |access-date=18 December 2015}}</ref>
* The [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] [[battleship]] ''{{USS|Idaho|BB-42|2}}'' was launched by [[New York Shipbuilding Corporation|New York Shipbuilding]] in [[Camden, New Jersey]]. It was most famous for supporting the major amphibious landings during [[World War II]] against the Japanese in the [[Pacific War]] before it was decommissioned in [[1946]].<ref>{{cite book  | editor1-last = Gardiner  | editor1-first = Robert  | editor2-last = Gray  | editor2-first = Randal  | year = 1985  | title = Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 | url = https://archive.org/details/allworldsfightin00rgre  | url-access = limited  | location = [[Annapolis]], Maryland  | publisher = Naval Institute Press  | isbn = 0-87021-907-3  | page = [https://archive.org/details/allworldsfightin00rgre/page/n126 117]}}</ref>
* The [[Bengali novels|Bengali-language]] romance novel ''[[Devdas]]'' by [[Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay]] was published. The novel became so popular it was adapted to film at least sixteen times in seven different languages, making it the most popular non-epic story in India.<ref>[http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/DEVDAS.html Devdas phenomenon] {{webarchive | url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120113071438/http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/DEVDAS.html |date=January 13, 2012 }}</ref>
* The movie house [[UC Theatre]] opened in [[Berkeley, California]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=jxoiAAAAIBAJ&pg=1402,2419904 |title=AMUSEMENTS: 'The First Kiss' is U.C. Theater Feature |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=25 October 1928 |newspaper=Berkeley Daily Gazette |access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref> The theater gained notoriety for the [[grindhouse]] and [[art film|arthouse movie]] experience in [[1970s]] and [[1990s]]. In [[2016]], it was renovated and reopened again by the [[Berkeley Music Group]] as a live music venue.<ref>{{cite news |url= http://www.berkeleyside.com/2016/04/12/dark-star-orchestra-opens-revived-uc-theatre/ |title=Dark Star Orchestra opens revived UC Theatre |author=Knobel, Lance |date=12 April 2016 |newspaper=Berkeleyside |access-date=23 March 2017}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Susan Hayward]], American actress, recipient of [[Academy Award for Best Actress]] for ''[[I Want to Live!]]'' as well as her Oscar-nominated role in ''[[Smash-Up, the Story of a Woman]]'', in New York City (d. [[1975]]); [[Judson Crews]], American poet, known for various poetry collections including ''A Unicorn When Needs Be'' and ''The Clock of Moss'', in [[Waco, Texas]] (d. [[2010]])
* '''Born:''' [[Lena Horne]], American singer and actress, best known for her hit songs "[[Something to Live For (song)|Something to Live For]]", "[[Chelsea Bridge (song)|Chelsea Bridge]]", and "[[Stormy Weather (song)|Stormy Weather]]", winner of four [[Grammy Awards]] and an [[Emmy Awards|Emmy Award]] for ''[[Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music]]'', in New York City (d. [[2010]])
* '''Died:''' [[Antonio de La Gándara]], French painter, known for such works as ''[[Portrait of Madame X]]'' (b. [[1861 in art|1861]]); [[Dadabhai Naoroji]], Indian politician, first Asian to become a [[Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)|British Member of Parliament]], co-founder of the [[Indian National Congress]] (b. [[1825]])

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

{{Events by month links}}

[[Category:June|1917]]
[[Category:1917|*1917-06]]
[[Category:Months in the 1910s|*1917-06]]