Jump to content

Karayakupovo culture

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is an old revision of this page, as edited by Marcocapelle (talk | contribs) at 15:11, 17 February 2016 (more specific categorisation). The present address (URL) is a permanent link to this revision, which may differ significantly from the current revision.

Karayakupovo culture was an archaeological culture in the Southern Ural. The researchers of Karayakupovo culture together with Kushnarenkovo archaeological culture think these the Ugrians,[1] the ancestors of the Hungarians or ancient Bashkirs.[2]

Karayakupovo culture fits into the edge of the historic Bashkortostan IX-X centuries. Sometimes it is called the culture of early Bashkirs.

The cultural dwellings

Karayakupovskoe, Old Kalmashevskoe, Chatrinskoe, Taptykovskoe, Kushnarenkovskoe, Chukraklinskoe, Duvaneyskoe, Sasykulskoe, Davlekanovskiy and etc. settlements.

Area of the dwellings of 1 000 square meters. They are located on high ground, were reinforced by one or two low walls and moats.

Ritual cremation

The culture is also represented by earthen mounds with a diameter of 8–10 m and a height of 40–60 cm over the graves. Near the graves and within them there are traces of ritual burial horse (skins, heads and four legs). People were buried in wooden coffins.

The bottom is littered coffins, woolen cloth. Coffins before lowering into the grave for holding of the fire. This simulated ritual cremation. The feet of the dead is often associated with ropes - to the dead man could not stand up and do harm to survivors. On the coffin and put leather bridle sets. Sometimes near the grave dug pits for placing caches in them saddle and bridle sets.

Literature

  1. История башкирского народа : в 7 т./ гл. ред. М.М. Кульшарипов ; Институт истории, языка и литературы УНЦ РАН. Уфа.: изд. Гилем, 2012. - 400 с.: ил. - ISBN 978-5-02-037008-1. т. 2. – 2012. – ISBN 978-5-91608-100-8
  2. Иванов В.А. Путями степных кочевий. Уфа, Башкнижиздат, 1984, С. 38-58.
  3. Васюткин С.М. Некоторые спорные вопросы археологии Башкирии. СА, №1, 1968, с. 69-71; Археологическая карта Башкирии. М., 1976, с. 31, 32.
  4. Мажитов Н.А. Новые материалы о ранней истории башкир. Уфа, АЭБ, Т.2, 1964б, с. 104-108; 1968, с. 69, 70.
  5. Матвеева Г.И., 1968а, 1975; Мажитов Н.А. Южный Урал в VII-XIV вв. Москва, 1977, с. 60-74.
  6. Мажитов Н.А. Курганный могильник в деревне Ново-Турбаслы//Башкирский археологический сборник. Уфа, 1959, с. 125, рис. 3; Матвеева Г.И., 1968б, рис. 19.
  7. Мажитов Н.А. Бахмутинская культура. М., 1968, табл. 26.
  8. Мажитов Н.А. Южный Урал в VII-XIV вв. Москва, 1977, с. 63, 73, 74, табл. XXI, XXII.
  9. Мажитов Н.А. Южный Урал в VII-XIV вв. Москва, 1977, с. 17, 19.
  10. Ковалевская В.Б., Краснов Ю.А. Рецензия на книгу Эрдели//СА, №2, 1973, с. 287; Амброз А.К. Рецензия на книгу Эрдели//СА, №2, 1973б, с. 297.
  11. Матвеева Г.И. Памятники караякуповского типа в Приуралье//Из истории Среднего Поволжья и Приуралья. Куйбышев, вып.5, 1975, с. 19; Генинг В.Ф., 1972, с. 270-272.
  12. Старостин П.Н. Памятники именьковской культуры//САИ, вып. Д1-32, 1967, с. 21, 26, табл. 13, 13, 15.
  13. Генинг В.Ф. Азелинская культура III-V вв//Вопросы археологии Урала. Ижевск, вып.5, 1963, с. 26, 27, табл. XXIV, 5.
  14. Ахмеров Р. Б. Уфимские погребения VI-VIII вв. н.э. и их место в древней истории Башкирии//Древности Башкирии. М., 1951, с. 126-131.

Bibliography and notes

References