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Katharine Susannah Prichard

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Katharine Susannah Prichard (4 December 1883 – 2 October 1969) was an Australian author and co-founding member of the Communist Party of Australia.

Early life

Prichard was born in Levuka, Fiji in 1883, and spent her childhood in Launceston, Tasmania, before moving to Melbourne, where she won a scholarship to South Melbourne College. Her father, Tom Prichard, was editor of the Melbourne Sun newspaper. She worked as a governess and journalist in Victoria then travelled to England in 1908.

Her first novel, The Pioneers (1915),[1][2] won the Hodder & Stoughton All Empire Literature Prize.[3]

After her return to Australia, the romance Windlestraws[4] and her first novel of a mining community, Black Opal were published.

Marriage

Prichard moved with her husband, war hero Hugo "Jim" Throssell, VC, to Greenmount, Western Australia, in 1920 and lived at 11 Old York Road for much of the rest of her life. She wrote most of her novels and stories in a self-contained weatherboard workroom near the house. In her personal life she always referred to herself as Mrs Hugo Throssell. Her friends called her Katie. They had one son, Ric Throssell, later a diplomat and writer.

Prichard was a founding member of the Communist Party of Australia in 1921 and remained a member for the rest of her life. She worked to organise unemployed workers and founded left-wing women's groups, and during the 1930s she campaigned in support of the Spanish Republic and other left-wing causes. Although she had frequent arguments with other Communist writers such as Frank Hardy and Judah Waten over the correct application of the doctrine of socialist realism to Australian fiction, she remained supportive of the Soviet Union and its cultural policies when many other intellectuals, such as Eric Lambert and Stephen Murray-Smith, left the party during the 1950s.

Her two major novels, which were to give her national and international prominence, were written in Western Australia in the early years of her marriage. The novels were Working Bullocks (1926) [5][6] which dramatised the physical and emotional traumas of timber workers in the karri country of Australia's south-west, and Coonardoo (1929),[7][8] a novel which became notorious for its candid portrayal of relationships between white men and black women in the north-west.

The far north-west of Australia provided inspiration and setting for her daring play Brumby Innes.[9]

Most of the short stories in the first of her four collections, Kiss on the Lips (1932),[10] were also from the 1920s, her decade of creative activity. During this time she wrote her most adventurous novels, stories and plays.

Death of husband

While she was visiting the Soviet Union in 1933, her husband Jim Throssell committed suicide when his business failed during the Great Depression.[11][12]

In 1934 her membership of the Communist Party of Australia and the Movement Against War and Fascism led her to lead the Egon Kisch welcome committee, which rapidly metamorphised into the committee to defend Kisch from exclusion from Australia.

The novel Intimate Strangers (1937)[13][14] was a turning point in her life. The 'fire of a regenerating idea' referred to in the novel's revised conclusion was reflected in the author's life; as pamphleteer and public speaker, Katharine Prichard fearlessly and emotionally promoted the cause of peace and social justice.

Goldfields trilogy

Her massive work The Goldfields Trilogy—The Roaring Nineties (1946),[15] Golden Miles (1948),[16] and Winged Seeds (1950)[17] is a major reconstruction of social and personal histories in Western Australia's goldfields from the 1890s to 1946.

Her autobiography Subtle Flame published a few years before her death exhibited the complex legacy she left behind [18]

Prichard died at her home in Greenmount in 1969. Her ashes were scattered on the surrounding hills.

Like her husband, her son Ric Throssell committed suicide, when his wife Dodie died in 1999. He had fought for many years to clear his name after being accused of passing classified information to his mother, or actively spying for the Soviet Union. His 1989 book covering this was called My Father's Son.[19]

The centenary of her birth was celebrated by UWA academics in a collection of essays [20]

Legacy

The home has now become the Katharine Susannah Prichard Writers' Centre, a foundation promoting humanitarianism, the study of Katharine Susannah Prichard, and encouraging writing in Western Australia, where Prichard spent the majority of her life.[21]

The Mundaring council library in Greenmount is named after her as well.[22]

The 1996 Australian film Shine depicts the close correspondence between Prichard and Australian pianist David Helfgott. She was played by Googie Withers. Prichard helped raise money for Helfgott, to enable him to go to London to study music.

A house at Abbotsleigh (a private school on Sydney's North Shore) has been named after her.

Works

Novels

  • The Pioneers (1915) – filmed in 1916 by Franklyn Barrett and 1926 by Raymond Longford
  • Windlestraws (1916)
  • Black Opal (1921)
  • Working Bullocks ([921)
  • The Wild Oats of Han (1928)
  • Coonardoo (1929)
  • Haxby's Circus (1930)
  • Intimate Strangers (1939; the basis of a 1981 miniseries)
  • Moon of Desire (1941)
  • The Roaring Nineties (1946)
  • Golden Miles (1948)
  • Winged Seeds (1950)
  • Subtle Flame (1967)

Short stories

  • Diana of the Inlet (1912) [23]
  • The Cooboo (1932)
  • Kiss on the Lips (1932)
  • Marlene (1938)
  • Potch and Colour (1944)
  • N'Goola (1959)
  • Flight

Drama

Reportage

  • The Real Russia (1934)

Poetry

  • Clovelly Verses (1913)[26]
  • The Earth Lover and Other Verses (1932)[27]

Autobiography

  • Child of the hurrican, (1964) [28]

Selection from collected works

  • On Strenuous wings (1965) [29]

References

  • Throssell, Ric (1975), Wild Weeds and Windflowers[30]
  • Macintyre, Stewart (1998) The Reds [31]

Notes

  1. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1915), The pioneers, Hodder & Stoughton, retrieved 1 June 2015
  2. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (2010), The pioneers, Singapore Monsoon, ISBN 978-981-08-4880-4
  3. ^ Throssel, Ric "Katharine Susannah Prichard 1883–1969", The Katharine Susannah Prichard Writers Centre (website)
  4. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1916), Windlestraws, Holden & Hardingham, retrieved 1 June 2015
  5. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1926), Working bullocks, Jonathan Cape, retrieved 1 June 2015
  6. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1972), Working bullocks, Angus and Robertson, ISBN 978-0-207-12518-8
  7. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah, Coonardoo ([1st ed.] ed.), New York, W. W. Norton, retrieved 1 June 2015
  8. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (2002), Coonardoo, HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-207-19847-2
  9. ^ ""BRUMBY INNES."". Western Mail (Perth, WA : 1885 - 1954). Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 26 December 1940. p. 7. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  10. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1932), Kiss on the lips : and other stories, Jonathan Cape, retrieved 1 June 2015
  11. ^ "MRS. HUGO THROSSELL RETURNS". The Daily News (Perth, WA : 1882 - 1950). Perth, WA: National Library of Australia. 26 December 1933. p. 1 Edition: LAST RACE. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  12. ^ Jalland, Pat (1 June 2005), "A private and secular grief: Katharine Susannah Prichard confronts death and bereavement.(Critical essay)", History Australia, 2 (2), Monash University ePress: 42(-40), ISSN 1449-0854
  13. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1937), Intimate strangers, Jonathan Cape, retrieved 1 June 2015
  14. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1990), Intimate strangers, Collins/Angus & Robertson, ISBN 978-0-207-16651-8
  15. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1983), The roaring nineties : a story of the goldfields of Western Australia, Virago Press, ISBN 978-0-86068-379-7
  16. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (2012), Golden Miles, Crows Nest, NSW A&U House of Books, ISBN 978-1-74331-207-0
  17. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah; Modjeska, Drusilla, 1946- (1984), Winged seeds, Virago, ISBN 978-0-86068-421-3{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ "KATHARINE SUSANNAH PRICHARD Failure to integrate the political beliefs with fiction". The Canberra Times (ACT : 1926 - 1995). ACT: National Library of Australia. 19 August 1967. p. 11. Retrieved 1 June 2015. - a review of her autiobiography, and a biography by Henrietta Drake-Brockman
  19. ^ Throssell, Ric (1997), My father's son (Rev. ed.), Em Press, ISBN 978-1-86330-028-5
  20. ^ Hay, John, 1942-; Prichard, Katharine Susannah, 1883-1969; Walker, Brenda, 1957-; University of Western Australia. Centre for Studies in Australian Literature; University of London. Australian Studies Centre (1984), Katharine Susannah Prichard centenary essays, Centre for Studies in Australian Literature, University of Western Australia ; London : Australian Studies Centre, University of London, ISBN 978-0-86422-017-2{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ^ "Objectives". Katharine Susannah Prichard Writing Centre. 2006. Retrieved 2 April 2009. http://kspf.iinet.net.au/objectives.html
  22. ^ http://www.mundaring.wa.gov.au/YourCommunity/ShireLibraries/Pages/default.aspx
  23. ^ https://books.google.com/books?id=UnJ8BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA251&lpg=PA251&dq=%22diana+of+the+inlet%22&source=bl&ots=N8IWTcwvij&sig=63zbxk49K__KfHBn_CxrpIqacKc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCcQ6AEwAmoVChMIn5_51pHPyAIVAzGICh3WGgb4#v=onepage&q=%22diana%20of%20the%20inlet%22&f=false
  24. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah; Brandenstein, C. G. von (Carl Georg von), 1909-; Prichard, Katharine Susannah, 1883-1969. Bid me to love. 1974 (1974), Brumby Innes, and Bid me to love, Currency Methuen Drama, ISBN 978-0-86937-013-1{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  25. ^ Gozzoli, Lorena; University of Western Australia. Department of English (1994), Katharine Susannah Prichard and the representation of aborigines in her short fiction, "Brumby Innes" and "Coonardoo", retrieved 2 June 2015
  26. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1913), Clovelly verses, McAllan & Co, retrieved 2 June 2015
  27. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah; McGrath, Eileen; Shea, E. H. (Ernest H.); Sunnybrook Press (1932), The earth lover and other verses, Sunnybrook Press, retrieved 2 June 2015
  28. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah (1964), Child of the hurricane : an autobiography, Angus and Robertson, retrieved 2 June 2015
  29. ^ Prichard, Katharine Susannah; Williams, Joan (1965), On strenuous wings : a half-century of selected writings from the works of Katherine Susannah Prichard, Seven Seas Publishers, retrieved 2 June 2015
  30. ^ Throssell, Ric; Prichard, Katharine Susannah, 1883-1969; Brissenden collection (1990), Wild weeds and windflowers (Rev. ed.), Angus & Robertson, ISBN 978-0-207-16683-9{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  31. ^ Macintyre, Stewart (1998). The Reds: The Communist Party of Australia from Origins to Illegality. Allen & Unwin.
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