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Kearny fallout meter

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The Kearny Fallout Meter or KFM is an expedient radiation meter. It is designed such that someone with a normal mechanical ability would be able to construct it before or during a nuclear attack and from common household items.[1]

The Kearny Fallout Meter was developed by Cresson Kearny from research performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and published in the civil defense manual Nuclear War Survival Skills (ISBN 0-942487-01-X). The plans were originally released in Oak Ridge National Laboratory publication ORNL-5040, The KFM, A Homemade Yet Accurate and Dependable Fallout Meter[2] and have been formatted in a newsprint ready layout so that they may be quickly printed with accurate dimensions in local newspapers. It must be built from a correctly scaled copy of the plans; photocopies and printouts of digital copies may not be to scale.[2]

History

Devised in 1978 by Cresson Kearny, the Kearny fallout meter is an application of the gold-leaf electroscope developed in 1787 by Abraham Bennet.[3] Prior to this, the use of the electrometer principle for radiation detection had seen widespread application in the form of the quartz fiber dosimeter. Professional radiation meters, while more accurate and more durable, had a number of potential issues (including cost and lack of availability) which it was hoped the Kearny Fallout Meter would address.[2]

Use

Commercially made radiation meters are typically based around electronic circuitry or require a battery-powered charging apparatus, allowing susceptibility to battery shortages and to electromagnetic pulse. The Kearny Fallout Meter was designed to utilize static electricity, produced by (for example) a hard plastic rubbed on dry paper.[2] The KFM was also engineered to be less expensive to build than dosimeters were to purchase, and to be made out of commonly available materials, such that they could be constructed even after a disaster.[2] Most commercial radiation meters also require initial and periodic professional calibration, but "If a KFM is made and maintained with the specified dimensions and of the specified materials, its' accuracy is automatically and permanently established by unchanging laws of nature".[1]

The designed operating range is from 30 mR/hr to 43 R/hr, with accuracy of +/-25%.[4] "A KFM looks like a toy" has been cited as a "major disadvantage" of the design.[1]

How it works

See also: Quartz fiber dosimeter § How it works

An electrostatic charge is placed upon two aluminium foil leaves, causing them to repel. As radiation strikes the meter the foil leaves lose their charge and start to droop. This droop can be measured and a rate can be established.[2] The KFM has been used as a science project, demonstrating the effects of ionizing radiation.

The dimensions of a KFM and the weight of its leaves permanently establish its calibration, when built as specified with a properly sized scale.[4]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Kearny, Cresson H (1986). Nuclear War Survival Skills. Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. pp. 95–100. ISBN 0-942487-01-X.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Kearny, Cresson H (1978). The KFM, A Homemade Yet Accurate and Dependable Fallout Meter (PDF). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
  3. ^ Derry, Thomas K.; Williams, Trevor (1993). A Short History of Technology from Earliest Times to A.D.1900. Courier Dover. p. 609. ISBN 0-486-27472-1.
  4. ^ a b Kearny, Cresson H (1978). The KFM, A Homemade Yet Accurate and Dependable Fallout Meter (PDF). Oak Ridge, TN: Oak Ridge National Laboratory. p. 3.

Plans

Nuclear War Survival Skills

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