Keystone (steam automobile)
The Keystone Steamer was an American automobile manufactured from 1899 until 1900 in Lebanon, Pennsylvania.[1]
The manufacturer was the Keystone Match & Machine Company, founded in 1894 and offering bicycles from 1896.[2] In 1899 the company offered an interesting but complicated steam car. It featured runabout coachwork and was powered by three small single-cylinder steam engines built into each of its rear wheel hubs in a way that they worked as a radial engine. It was tried to avoid the use of sprockets, chains and a differential gear as each wheel worked completely independent from the other.[3] The vehicle could reach a maximum speed of 20 miles per hour (32 km/h).[4]
Planned production included also trucks, but the Keystone Match & Machine Co. gave up all automobile projects in 1900, concentrating instead in producing matches and machinery for that purpose.[5]
Engineer J. G. Xander, who mainly developed the Keystone Steamer, went to Reading, Pennsylvania where he manufactured steam and gasoline engines, and offered for a short time the Xander automobile, built on custom order.[6][7]
References
- ^ David Burgess Wise, The New Illustrated Encyclopedia of Automobiles
- ^ Kimes, Beverly Rae (editor) and Clark, Henry Austin, jr., ; The Standard Catalogue of American Cars, 2nd Edition, Krause Publications, Iola WI 54990 (1985), ISBN 0-87341-111-0; p. 769
- ^ The Horseless Age, December 1899 issue
- ^ Kimes (1985; p. 770)
- ^ Kimes (1985; p. 770)
- ^ Kimes (1985; p. 770)
- ^ Kimes (1985; p. 1524)
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- Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of the United States
- Motor vehicle manufacturers based in Pennsylvania
- Companies based in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania
- Lebanon, Pennsylvania
- American companies established in 1894
- Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1894
- Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1900
- 1899 establishments in Pennsylvania
- 1900 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
- Vehicles introduced in 1899
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