Khri ma lod
| Khri ma lod | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Empress regent of Tibet | |||||
| Reign | 675 - 689 AD and 704 - 712 AD | ||||
| Predecessor | Mangsong Mangtsen (first rule) Tridu Songtsen (second rule) | ||||
| Successor | Tridu Songtsen (first rule) Me Agtsom (second rule) | ||||
| Died | 712 | ||||
| Spouse | Mangsong Mangtsen | ||||
| Issue | Tridu Songtsen | ||||
| |||||
| Tibetan | འབྲོ་ཟ་ཁྲི་མ་ལོད | ||||
| Khri ma lod | |||||||
| Tibetan name | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tibetan | འབྲོ་ཟ་ཁྲི་མ་ལོད | ||||||
| |||||||
Empress Khri ma lod (or Thrimalö) was an unofficial co-ruler of the Tibetan empire, 675-689 and 704-712 CE.
Khri ma lod was married to emperor Mangsong Mangtsen (Trimang Löntsen' or Khri-mang-slon-rtsan). The emperor died in the winter of 676-677, and in the same year she gave birth to the emperor's son Tridu Songtsen (Khri 'dus-srong btsan or Khri-'dus-srong-rtsan).[1]
The Zhangzhung revolted early in her son's reign. She shared power with the Gar (Mgar) clan. When her son Tridu campaigned in the northeast 700-4 CE, she resumed her administrative regency at home.[2]
Khri ma lod gave birth to Gyältsugru (Rgyal-gtsug-ru) in 704. Upon the death of Tridu Songtsen that year, Khri ma lod ruled as regent again for his half-brother.[2] The following year the elder son of Tridu Songtsen, Lha Balpo (Lha Bal-pho) apparently contested the succession of his one-year-old brother, but was "deposed from the throne" at Pong Lag-rang.[2][3]
Khri ma lod had arranged for a royal marriage of Gyältsugru to a Chinese princess. The Princess Jincheng (金成) (Tibetan: Kyimshang Kongjo) arrived in 710, but it is somewhat unclear whether she married the seven-year-old Gyältsugru[4] or the deposed Lha Balpo.[5]
Khri ma lod died in 712. Gyältsugru was then officially enthroned with the royal name Tride Tsuktsän.[2] Khri ma lod remains the only woman in Tibetan history to rule Tibet.
External links
- Worldwide Guide to Women in Leadership
- The Historical Interaction between the Buddhist and Islamic Cultures before the Mongol Empire
References
- ^ Beckwith, Christopher I. (1987). The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-02469-3. pp. 14, 48, 50.
- ^ a b c d Petech, Luciano (1988). "The Succession to the Tibetan Throne in 704-5". Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, Serie Orientale Roma. 41 (3): 1080–1087.
- ^ Beckwith, C. I. (1983). "The Revolt of 755 in Tibet". In Ernst Steinkellner and Helmut Tauscher (ed.). Weiner Studien zur Tibetologie und Buddhismuskunde, Nos. 10-11, Proceedings of the Csoma de Kőrös Symposium Held at Velm-Vienna, Austria, 13–19 September 1981. Vol. 1–2. Vienna. pp. 1–14.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ Zuiho Yamaguchi (1996). "The Fiction of King Dar-ma's persecution of Buddhism". De Dunhuang au Japon: Etudes chinoises et bouddhiques offertes à Michel Soymié. Geneva: Librarie Droz S.A., 232
- ^ Beckwith 1983: 276.