Kivach Nature Reserve

Kivach is a 104.6 km² Russian nature reserve located in Kondopozhsky District of Republic of Karelia, which includes the famous 10.7 m Kivach waterfall on the Suna River. The reserve was established in 1931 to study and protect Karelian taiga. Its area was 20 km² before 1947, when it was extended to 103 km².

Flora and fauna

Vascular plants: 569 species, 239 genera, 85 families

Mammals: 48 species

Birds: 197 species

Reptiles: 3 species

Amphibians: 5 species

Fishes: 18 species

mean July temperature: 17°C

mean January temp: -10.7°C

mean annual precipitation: 619 mm

frost-free period: 104-153 days

mean snowcover by the end of winter: 83 cm (lasts for 143 days on average)