Konstantin Hierl
Konstantin Hierl | |
|---|---|
 Konstantin Hierl in 1941 | |
| Director of the Reich Labour Service | |
| In office 26 June 1935 – May 1945 | |
| Leader | Adolf Hitler |
| Preceded by | Position Established |
| Succeeded by | Position Abolished |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 24 February 1875 Parsberg, Bavaria, German Empire |
| Died | 23 September 1955 (aged 80) Heidelberg, West Germany |
| Nationality | German |
| Political party | Nazi Party |
| Occupation | Military officer |
Konstantin Hierl (24 February 1875 – 23 September 1955) was a major figure in the administration of Nazi Germany. He was the head of the Reichsarbeitsdienst (RAD) (Reich Labor Service) and an associate of Adolf Hitler before he came to national power.
Life
Hierl was born in Parsberg near Neumarkt in the Bavarian Upper Palatinate region, and attended secondary school (Gymnasium) in Burghausen and Regensburg. In 1893 he joined the Bavarian Army as a cadet.[1] He obtained the rank of lieutenant in 1895 and graduated from the military academy in 1902. He was promoted to captain (Hauptmann) in 1909. He served as a company commander in the Bavarian infantry. In World War I Hierl served as a member of the general staff of the I Royal Bavarian Reserve Corps, part of the German 6th Army fighting on the Western Front, where he achieved the rank of a lieutenant colonel.
Upon the German defeat and the November Revolution of 1918, Hierl became head of a paramilitary Freikorps unit. Hierl played a role in organizing the Black Reichswehr paramilitary forces in the early years of the Weimar Republic. In 1925, he joined Ludendorff's the far-right Tannenbergbund political society, which Hierl left two years later.[citation needed]
Nazi Party
In 1929 he joined the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and became head of Organization Department II that same year.[1] In the federal election of 1930, he became a member of the Reichstag parliament. On 5 June 1931, two years before the Nazi Party ascended to power, Hierl became head of the FAD (Freiwilliger Arbeitsdienst), a state sponsored voluntary labour organization that provided services to civic and agricultural construction projects. There were many such organizations in Europe at the time, founded to provide much-needed employment during the Great Depression.
At the time, Hierl was already a high-ranking member of the NSDAP and when the Party took power in 1933, he remained the head of the labour organization - now called the Nationalsozialistischer Arbeitsdienst, or NSAD. Adolf Hitler named him as State Secretary in the Reich Ministry of Labour under Franz Seldte, with the order to build up a powerful labour service organization.[1] Facing Minister Seldte's resistance, Hierl in 1934 switched to the Reich Ministry of the Interior under Wilhelm Frick in the rank of a Reichskommissar. On 11 July 1934, the NSAD was renamed the Reichsarbeitsdienst or RAD (State Labor Service) which Hierl would control as its chief until the end of World War II. The RAD was divided into two major sections, the Reichsarbeitsdienst Männer (RAD/M) for men and the Reichsarbeitdienst der weiblichen Jugend (RAD/wJ) for women. The RAD was composed of 40 districts each called an Arbeitsgau (lit. Work District). In 1936 the model village of Hierlshagen (present-day Ostaszów in Poland) built by the RAD was named after him. Hierl was named Reich Labor Leader (Reichsarbeitsführer) in 1935 and a Reichsleiter in 1936.[1] Also in 1936, he was awarded the Golden Party Badge for having shown outstanding service to the Nazi Party or state. Hierl was further appointed a Minister Without Portfolio (Reichsminister) in 1943.[1]
During World War II, hundreds of Hierl's RAD units were engaged in supplying frontline troops with food and ammunition, repairing damaged roads and constructing and repairing airstrips. The RAD units constructed coastal fortifications (many RAD men worked on the Atlantic Wall), laid minefields, manned fortifications, and even helped guard vital locations and prisoners of war. The role of the RAD was not limited to combat support functions. Hundreds of RAD units received training as anti-aircraft units and were deployed as RAD Flak Batteries.[2]
On 24 February 1945, Hierl was awarded the German Order, the highest decoration that the Nazi Party could bestow on an individual, for his services to the Reich.[3] Hierl and Artur Axmann were the only recipients of the German Order who survived World War II. After the war, he was tried and found guilty of "major offenses".[1] Hierl was sentenced to five years in a labour camp. Following his early release, he lived in Heidelberg until his death on 23 September 1955.[1]
Notes
- ^ a b c d e f g Hamilton 1984, p. 227.
- ^ McNab 2009, p. 55.
- ^ Angolia 1989, pp. 223, 224.
References
- Angolia, John (1989). For Führer and Fatherland: Political & Civil Awards of the Third Reich. R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 978-0912138169.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Hamilton, Charles (1984). Leaders & Personalities of the Third Reich, Vol. 1. San Jose, CA: R. James Bender Publishing. ISBN 0-912138-27-0.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - McNab, Chris (2009). The Third Reich. Amber Books Ltd. ISBN 978-1-906626-51-8.
{{cite book}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help)
