View source for Krishna district

{{short description|District in Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2020}}
{{Use Indian English|date=March 2016}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Krishna district
| settlement_type    = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| native_name        = 
| official_name      = 
| total_type         = Total
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
 |border             = infobox
 |total_width        = 300
 |image_style        = 
 |perrow             = 1/2/2/2/1
 |image1             = Ghantasala stupa.jpg
 |caption1           = [[Ghantasala, Krishna district|Ghantasala]] stupa
 |image2             = Vijayawada Airport 3 (November 2018).jpg
 |caption2           = [[Vijayawada Airport]]
 |image3             = Machilipatnam beach at dusk11 09.jpg
 |caption3           = [[Machilipatnam]] beach
 }}
| image_map          = Krishna in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
| image_map1         = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=8|wikidata=yes|coord={{coord|16|11|40|N|81|8|58|E}}}}
| map_alt            = 
| map_caption        = Location of Krishna district in Andhra Pradesh
| coor_pinpoint      = Machilipatnam
| subdivision_type   = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
| subdivision_name   = {{Flag|India}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = {{flagicon image|}} [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2  = Region
| subdivision_name2  = [[Coastal Andhra|Kosta Andhra]]
| parts_type         = Administrative divisions
| parts              = {{bulleted list|
 |[[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|03 revenue divisions]]
 |[[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|26 mandals]]
}}
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 
| seat_type          = Headquarters
| seat               = [[Machilipatnam]]
| parts_style        = 
| p1                 = 
| area_total_km2     = 3773
| area_footnotes     = {{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VII}}
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_total   = 17,35,079
| population_footnotes = {{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VII}}<ref name="demographics">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Krishna |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=14 April 2022 |archive-date=17 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220417035955/https://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
| population_urban   = 
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Demographics
| demographics1_title1 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics1_info1 = 73.74%
| demographics1_title2 = Sex ratio
| demographics1_info2 = 996
| leader_title       = [[District magistrate (India)|District collector and magistrate]]
| leader_name        = D. K. Balaji {{small|IAS}}
| leader_title1      = [[Superintendent of Police]]
| leader_name1       = Adnan Nayoom Azmi {{small|IPS}}
| leader_title2      = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name2       = 01 constituency
| leader_title3      = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name3       = [[List of constituencies of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|07 constituencies]]
| registration_plate = [[List of RTO districts in India|AP-16 (former)]]<br /> AP–39, AP–40 (from 30 January 2019)<ref>{{cite news |title=New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |access-date=9 June 2019 |work=The New Indian Express |date=31 January 2019 |location=Vijayawada |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201121042200/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html |archive-date=21 November 2020}}</ref>
| blank_name_sec1    = [[Roads in India|Major highways]]
| blank_info_sec1    = [[National Highway 65 (India)|NH-65]], [[National Highway 216 (India)|NH-216]]
| coordinates        = {{Wikidatacoord|Q15382|display=inline,title}}
| website            = {{URL|https://krishna.ap.gov.in/}}
}}

'''Krishna district''' is a district in the coastal Andhra Region in Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]], with [[Machilipatnam]] as its administrative headquarters. It is surrounded on the East by [[Bay of Bengal]], West by [[Guntur district|Guntur]], [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]] and North by [[Eluru district|Eluru]] and [[NTR district|NTR]] districts and South again by [[Bay of Bengal]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=NEW_District Profile {{!}} Krishna District, Government of Andhra Pradesh {{!}} India |url=https://krishna.ap.gov.in/new_district-profile/ |access-date=3 April 2022 |language=en-US |archive-date=24 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220524064736/https://krishna.ap.gov.in/new_district-profile/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Etymology ==

Krishna District with its district headquarters at [[Machilipatnam]] is the coastal district of [[Andhra Pradesh]]. It was formerly called as Machilipatnam District. Later it was renamed as [[Krishna District]] after the holy river Krishna, by adding certain Taluks of the abolished [[Guntur District]] in 1859. Again in 1925, Krishna District was further divided into Krishna and West Godavari Districts. There are no changes in its jurisdiction except some minor changes (in Divi Taluk and Munagala Paragana). Further Again in 2022 Krishna District was divided into Krishna and NTR Districts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://krishna.ap.gov.in/ |title=Archived copy |access-date=3 April 2022 |archive-date=10 June 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230610152328/https://krishna.ap.gov.in/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was named after the [[Krishna River]] (also known as Krishnaveni in literature) the third longest river in India. The river flows through the district before it empties itself into [[Bay of Bengal]], near [[Hamsaladeevi|Hamsaladevi]] village.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=V}}

== History ==
[[File:A View of Jaggayyapeta Buddhist stupa.jpg|thumb|A view of the famous [[Jaggayyapeta]] Buddhist stupa]]
The history of this region dates back to the 2nd century BCE. The area was ruled by the [[Satavahanas]] (230 BC{{snds}}AD 227); [[Pallavas]] (AD 340{{snds}}AD 500), [[Chalukyas]] (AD 615{{snds}}1070 AD) and later by [[Cholas]], [[Kakatiyas]], [[Musunuri Nayaks]], [[Reddy dynasty]] and [[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapati]] kings of [[Odisha]].<ref name="History">{{cite news |title=History |publisher=Krishna district website |access-date=23 September 2015 |url=http://krishna.nic.in/district-history.aspx |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160229083145/http://krishna.nic.in/district-history.aspx |archive-date=29 February 2016 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

''[[Satavahana]] period'' (230 BC{{snds}}AD 227): The Satavahanas ruled this region with headquarters at [[Srikakulam, Krishna district|Srikakulam]], at present a village in Ghantasala mandal of the district. Prominent rulers during this period were Srimukha (founder), Gotamiputra Satakarni and Yajnasri Satakarni (last Satavahana king). The Satavahanas imparted more stability and security to the life of the people of the region for more than four centuries.

''[[Pallava Kingdom]]'' (AD 340{{snds}}AD 500), spread over from Krishna river to [[Tungabhadra]], including Amaravati in the East, Bellary in the West and Kancheepuram in the South with capital cities at Venginagar near [[Eluru]] and [[Pithapuram]], both in Vengidesa. ''Bruhitpalayanas'', the contemporaries of [[Pallavas]] ruled the district with [[Koduru, Krishna|Koduru]] as their capital. ''[[Vishnukundina]]s'' (AD 6th century) rulers created cave temples at Mogalrajapuram (now in [[Vijayawada]]) and [[Undavalli caves|Undavalli]].

''[[Chalukyas|Eastern chalukyas]]'' (AD 615{{snds}}AD 1070), the entire Andhra country was under the control of a single ruler under their reign. The Eastern Chalukyas were credited with the excavations of the cave temple at [[Undavalli caves|Undavalli]], rock cut shrines, and Shiva temples.<ref name="History" />

''[[Cholas]]'' ruled this region with their capital located at [[Rajahmundry|Rajamahendri]]. It was during Rajaraja Narendra's reign that Nannayya Bhattu translated the [[Mahabharata]] into [[Telugu language|Telugu]]. ''[[Kakatiya]]s'' ruled this region up to the early 14th century with [[Warangal|Orugallu]] as their capital. They are followed by [[Musunuri Nayaks]] who rebelled against [[Delhi sultanate]] and won. Musunuri Nayaks constructed various forts in South India including [[Hampi]] and ruled many states of India independently. ''[[Reddy dynasty]]'' a subordinate of [[Musunuri Kapaya Nayak|Musunuri Kapaya Naidu]] established himself in the hill fort of Kondaveedu. The Kondaveedu Reddis were great patrons of Telugu literature. The poet Srinadha and his brother-in-law Bammera Pothana flourished at his court. <ref name="History" />

''[[Gajapati Kingdom|Gajapathis]]'' of [[Odisha]]: Kapileswarapuram named in honour of Kapileswara Gajapathi now in Pamidimukkala mandal exists to this day. He was succeeded by Vidyadhara Gajapathi who built Vidyadharapuram (now in [[Vijayawada]]) and constructed a reservoir at [[Kondapalli]]. [[Krishnadevaraya]] of ''[[Vijayanagara empire]]'' conquered this region in the early 16th century. Then this region became part of the [[Kingdom of Golconda]] in 1550 which was founded by [[Sultan Quli Qutub Shah]] as part of the ''[[Qutb Shahi dynasty|Qutb Shahis]]'' in 1512. Abu-l-Hussain Shah known as Tanisha was the last ruler of Qutab Shahi dynasty.<ref name="History" /><ref name=EB1911>{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Circar |volume=6 |page=380}}</ref>

=== Medieval period ===

[[Aurangazeb]] ruled this region as part of the province of [[Golconda]]. Asaf Jah who was appointed as subedar or viceroy of the Deccan in AD 1713 with the title of Nizam-ul-Mulk. The province of Golconda comprised five Nawabs’ charges viz. Arcot, Cuddapah, Kurnool, Rajahmundry and Chicacole (Srikakulam). This region was part of the Nawab of [[Rajahmundry]].<ref name="History" />

''The British'': In the year 1611 the English founded their settlement at [[Machilipatnam|Masulipatnam]] which remained their headquarters until they finally moved to [[Chennai|Madras]] in 1641. The Dutch and French also had settlements at [[Machilipatnam|Masulipatnam]]. Upon the death of the old Nizam-ul-Mulk in June 1748, his heirs strove for the succession with the support of the English and the French. When Nizam Ali Khan was proclaimed ruler of Golconda in 1761, the British secured at first the divisions of Masulipatnam, Nizampatnam and part of Kondaveedu and later the entire Circars. At first the district was administered by a chief and council at Masulipatnam but in 1794 Collectors, directly responsible to the Board of Revenue, were appointed at Masulipatnam.<ref name="History" />

The Krishna District was formed from the district of Rajahmundry in 1859, when it also included [[Guntur district|Guntur]] and [[West Godavari]] districts of united Andhra Pradesh. Guntur district was created from Krishna district in 1904. Similarly West Godavari district was created from Krishna district in 1925.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jsk.gov.in/ap/ap_composite.pdf |title=Rank of Districts in Andhra Pradesh according to Composite Index |access-date=20 June 2015 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150724045923/http://www.jsk.gov.in/ap/ap_composite.pdf |archive-date=24 July 2015}}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook – Guntur |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |website=Census of India |publisher=The Registrar General & Census Commissioner |access-date=13 May 2016 |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422201208/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== After 1947 ===
Krishna District had 10 Talukas in 1971. In 1978 they were increased to 21 Talukas. In 1985, Mandal system was created and 50 mandals were formed in the district. In 2022 Krishna district was divided into Krishna and [[NTR district|NTR]] districts.<ref>{{Cite web |date=5 April 2022 |title=Andhra Pradesh's 13 New Districts: Here's All About Them – From Planning to Formation {{!}} Explained |url=https://www.news18.com/news/politics/andhra-pradeshs-13-new-districts-heres-all-about-them-from-planning-to-formation-explained-4945043.html |access-date=9 April 2022 |website=News18 |language=en |archive-date=9 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220409074217/https://www.news18.com/news/politics/andhra-pradeshs-13-new-districts-heres-all-about-them-from-planning-to-formation-explained-4945043.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

===Historical demographics===
{{As of|2011}} [[2011 census of India|census of India]], the district had a population of 4,517,398 with a density of 518 persons per km<sup>2</sup>. The total population constitute, 2,267,375 males and 2,250,023 females –a ratio of 992 females per 1000 males. The total urban population is {{formatnum:1843660}} (40.81%).<ref name="census2">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Krishna |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/124/download/146/DH_2011_2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=19 December 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219054304/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/124/download/146/DH_2011_2816_PART_A_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>{{rp|20}} There are {{formatnum:3009718}} literates with a literacy rate of 73.74%.<ref name=census2 />{{rp|21}}

{{historical populations|11=1901|12=8,61,068|13=1911|14=9,93,086|15=1921|16=10,59,731|17=1931|18=12,29,176|19=1941|20=14,13,516|21=1951|22=17,36,429|23=1961|24=20,76,956|25=1971|26=24,93,574|27=1981|28=30,48,463|29=1991|30=36,98,833|31=2001|32=41,87,841|33=2011|34=45,17,398|percentages=pagr|footnote=source:<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |title=Decadal Variation In Population 1901–2011 |access-date=9 August 2019 |archive-date=8 August 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190808131957/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/PCA/A2_Data_Table.html |url-status=live }}</ref>|align=center}}

== Geography ==

Krishna district is surrounded on the east by [[Bay of Bengal]], west by [[Guntur district|Guntur]] and [[Bapatla district|Bapatla]] districts and north by [[Eluru district|Eluru]] and [[NTR district|NTR]] districts and south by [[Bay of Bengal]]. The Krishna district occupies an area of {{convert|3775|km2|sqmi}}.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VII}} It has a total coastline of {{cvt|88|km}}.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=1}}

=== Flora and fauna ===

The forest occupies only 9 percent of the total undivided district area. However, it contains Reserved Forest areas in [[Nandigama]], [[Vijayawada]], [[Tiruvuru]], [[Nuzvid]], [[Gannavaram]], [[Machilipatnam]] and Divi Seema Talukas. A type of light wood known as ‘Ponuku’ (Gyrocapus Jacquini) is found in the Kondapalli hills. The wood is used for the manufacture of the well known [[Kondapalli Toys|Kondpalli]] toys. The most noticeable trees are pterocarpus, Terminalia, Anogeissus and Logustroeinai and Casuarina.<ref name="flora and fauna">{{cite web |title=Flora and Fauna of Krishna district |url=http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20KRISHNA.htm |publisher=AP forest department |access-date=14 July 2014 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140125021525/http://forest.ap.nic.in/WL%20KRISHNA.htm |archive-date=25 January 2014}}</ref>

Panthers, dholes, jungle cats, foxes, bears and other carnivorous mammalian fauna are found here. Deer, spotted deer sambar, blackbuck and other herbivorous animals are found in the inland forests. The district has a large number of Murrah buffaloes and cows.<ref name="flora and fauna" />

=== Climate ===

The climatic conditions of the district consist of extremely hot summers and moderately hot winters and may be classified as tropical. The period starting from April to June is the hottest. The annual rainfall in the region is about 1047.68&nbsp;mm and 66% of it is contributed to by the Southwest monsoon.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=II}}

Black Cotton (57.6 percent), Sand clay loams (22.3 percent), Red loams (19.4 percent), and sandy soils account for balance 0.7% in the district. {{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=II}}

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Krishna district based on the 2011 Census<ref name="religion">{{Cite web |date=2011 |title=Population by Religion – Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS |website=censusindia.gov.in |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=28 May 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220528173240/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS |url-status=live }}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|89.72}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|6.49}}
{{bar percent|[[Telugu Christians|Christianity]]|dodgerblue|3.18}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.61}}
|caption=Distribution of religions
}}

After reorganization the district had a population of 17,35,079, of which 482,513 (27.81%) live in urban areas. Krishna district has a sex ratio of 996 females per 1000 males and a literacy rate of 73.75%. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 346,989 (20.00%) and 37,716 (2.17%) of the population respectively.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VII}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Krishna district based on the 2011 Census<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 93.30 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 5.97 |color2 = green
|label3 = Others |value3 = 0.73 |color3 = grey
}}
Based on the 2011 census, 93.30% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]] and 5.97% [[Urdu]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]] |access-date=19 December 2022 |archive-date=12 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112190710/https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Administrative divisions ==

==Politics ==
The parliamentary constituency is [[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency]]

It comprises the following [[Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly|legislative assembly]] segments:<ref name="loksabha">{{cite web |title=Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008 |url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |publisher=The Election Commission of India |page=31 |access-date=27 June 2022 |archive-date=5 October 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101005180821/http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/CurrentElections/CONSOLIDATED_ORDER%20_ECI%20.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width="50px" style="font-size:75%"|Constituency number
!Name
!style="font-size:75%"|Reserved for<br/>([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
!Parliament
|-
|71
|[[Gannavaram, Krishna Assembly constituency|Gannavaram]]
|None
| rowspan="7" |[[Machilipatnam Lok Sabha constituency|Machilipatnam]]
|-
|72
|[[Gudivada (Assembly constituency)|Gudivada]]
|None
|-
|74
|[[Pedana (Assembly constituency)|Pedana]]
|None
|-
|75
|[[Machilipatnam (Assembly constituency)|Machilipatnam]]
|Nona
|-
|76
|[[Avanigadda (Assembly constituency)|Avanigadda]]
|None
|-
|77
|[[Pamarru (Assembly constituency)|Pamarru]]
|[[Dalit|SC]]
|-
|78
|[[Penamaluru (Assembly constituency)|Penamaluru]]
|None
|}
The district is divided into 3 revenue divisions: [[Gudivada revenue division|Gudivada]], [[Machilipatnam revenue division|Machilipatnam]] and [[Vuyyuru revenue division|Vuyyuru]], which are further subdivided into a total of 26 [[Tehsil|mandal]]s, each headed by a sub-collector.<ref name=profile>{{cite web |title=District profile |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b/uploads/2022/04/2022040412.pdf |publisher=Krishna District Official Website |access-date=13 March 2023 |archive-date=5 February 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230205062741/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b/uploads/2022/04/2022040412.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Mandals ===
The list of 26 mandals in Krishna district, divided into 3 revenue divisions, is given below.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Krishna district profile – AP Government – 4 April 2022 |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b/uploads/2022/04/2022040412.pdf |access-date=7 April 2022 |archive-date=4 April 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220404095825/https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b/uploads/2022/04/2022040412.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
{{Div col}}
# [[Gudivada revenue division]]
## [[Bapulapadu mandal|Bapulapadu]]
## [[Gannavaram mandal|Gannavaram]]
## [[Gudivada mandal|Gudivada]]
## [[Gudlavalleru mandal|Gudlavalleru]]
## [[Nandivada mandal|Nandivada]]
## [[Pedaparupudi mandal|Pedaparupudi]]
## [[Unguturu mandal|Unguturu]]
# [[Machilipatnam revenue division]]
## [[Avanigadda mandal|Avanigadda]]
## [[Bantumilli mandal|Bantumilli]]
## [[Challapalli mandal|Challapalli]]
## [[Ghantasala mandal|Ghantasala]]
## [[Guduru mandal|Guduru]]
## [[Koduru mandal|Koduru]]
## [[Kruthivennu mandal|Kruthivennu]]
## [[Machilipatnam mandal|Machilipatnam North]]
## [[Machilipatnam mandal|Machilipatnam South]]
## [[Mopidevi mandal|Mopidevi]]
## [[Nagayalanka mandal|Nagayalanka]]
## [[Pedana mandal|Pedana]]
# [[Vuyyuru revenue division]]
## [[Kankipadu mandal|Kankipadu]]
## [[Movva mandal|Movva]]
## [[Pamarru mandal|Pamarru]]
## [[Pamidimukkala mandal|Pamidimukkala]]
## [[Penamaluru mandal|Penamaluru]]
## [[Thotlavalluru mandal|Thotlavalluru]]
## [[Vuyyuru mandal|Vuyyuru]]
{{Div end}}

== Cities and Towns ==
There are one municipal corporation and four municipalities in the district.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=XII}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Andhra government notifies five new nagar panchayats, rejigs 13 civic bodies |url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2021/jan/06/andhra-governmentnotifies-five-new-nagar-panchayatsrejigs-13-civic-bodies-2246162.html |access-date=7 January 2021 |website=The New Indian Express |date=6 January 2021 |archive-date=6 January 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210106063553/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/andhra-pradesh/2021/jan/06/andhra-governmentnotifies-five-new-nagar-panchayatsrejigs-13-civic-bodies-2246162.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+Municipal Bodies in Krishna District
!Ciy/Town!! Civil status!! Revenue Division !!Population
|-
|[[Machilipatnam Municipal Corporation|Machilipatnam]]
|Municipal Corporation
|Machilipatnam
|169,892
|-
|[[Gudivada]]
|Municipality Grade – Special
|Gudivada
|118,167
|-
|[[Tadigadapa|YSR-Tadigadapa]]
|Municipality Grade – Special
|Vuyyuru
|126,190
|-
|[[Vuyyuru]]
|Nagar Panchayat
|Vuyyuru
|49,521
|-
|[[Pedana]]
|Municipality Grade – 3
|Machilipatnam
|30,721
|}

'''''Source''': Assembly segments of Parliamentary constituencies''<ref name="loksabha" />

== Villages ==
<!---♦♦♦ Only add a location to this list if they already have their own article on the English Wikipedia ♦♦♦--->
<!---♦♦♦ Please keep the list in alphabetical order ♦♦♦--->
* [[Gudapadu]]
* [[Gurazada]]<ref>{{cite web |title=District Census Handbook - Krishna |url=http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |website=Census of India |access-date=13 February 2016 |page=16,406 |archive-date=22 April 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160422201208/http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/2816_PART_B_DCHB_KRISHNA.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Kallamvaripalem]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://rys.ap.gov.in/RysServlet?from=vp_Abstract_Phy&year=&dname=PRAKASAM&ac=ADDANKI&mandal=J.PANGULURU |title=RAJIV YUVASHAKTHI SELF EMPLOYMENT SCHEME - ABSTRACT OF PHYSICAL ACHIEVEMENT |publisher=[[Government of Andhra Pradesh]] |accessdate=10 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120325004154/http://rys.ap.gov.in/RysServlet?from=vp_Abstract_Phy&year=&dname=PRAKASAM&ac=ADDANKI&mandal=J.PANGULURU |archive-date=25 March 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
* [[Majeru]]
* [[Pedayerukapadu]]
* [[Vadali, Krishna district|Vadali]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nativeplanet.com/india-pin-codes/andhra-pradesh/krishna/vadali.html |title=Vadali Pin Code on NativePlanet |access-date=27 August 2023 |archive-date=27 August 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230827140627/https://www.nativeplanet.com/india-pin-codes/andhra-pradesh/krishna/vadali.html |url-status=live }}</ref>
* [[Zamidintakurru]]

== Economy ==

Agriculture is the main stay of economy. [[Paddy (unmilled rice)|Paddy]] is the main food crop cutivated. Based on 2019–20 data, the gross cropped area of the district was 3.76 Lakh Hectares of which gross irrigated area was 2.42 lakh Hectares.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=III}} Other products produced include [[sugarcane]], [[mango]], tomato, milk, meat and [[Fishery|fisheries]].

== Transport ==

=== Road ===
[[National Highway 65 (India)|NH 65]] from [[Pune]] to [[Machilipatnam]], [[National Highway 165 (India)|NH 165]] from [[Pamarru, Krishna district|Pamarru]] to [[Palakollu]], [[National Highway 216 (India)|NH 216]] from [[Ongole]] to [[Kattipudi|Kathipudi]] pass through the district.

=== Rail ===
There exists {{cvt|97|km}} of rail network in the district. [[Gudivada Junction railway station]] and [[Machilipatnam railway station]] are prominent railway stations in the district. Nearest major railway station is [[Vijayawada Junction railway station]] at a distance of 80Km from Machilipatnam by train.<ref name="howtoreach"/>

=== Water ===
The [[Machilipatnam Port]] is currently under construction.<ref>{{Cite web |date=22 May 2023 |title=Andhra CM Jagan Reddy launches construction work of Rs 5,156 crore Machilipatnam port |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/andhra-cm-jagan-reddy-launches-construction-work-machilipatnam-port-8622904/ |access-date=26 August 2023 |website=The Indian Express |language=en |archive-date=19 June 2024 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240619054927/https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/hyderabad/andhra-cm-jagan-reddy-launches-construction-work-machilipatnam-port-8622904/ |url-status=live }}</ref>
The Port will have an initial cargo capacity of 35 million tonnes (35 MMTPA), through four berths-three general cargo berths and one coal terminal. The Port is scheduled to be completed in two years. In the future, the capacity of the four-berth deep water port will be increased to 116 million tonnes (116 MMTPA) as the cargo traffic increases gradually.
<ref>{{cite web |url=https://news.abplive.com/news/andhra-pradesh-cm-jagan-reddy-launches-construction-work-of-rs-5-156-crore-machilipatnam-port-1604024 |title=Andhra CM Jagan Reddy Launches Construction Work of Rs 5,156 Crore Machilipatnam Port |date=22 May 2023 |access-date=26 April 2024 |archive-date=30 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231130095243/https://news.abplive.com/news/andhra-pradesh-cm-jagan-reddy-launches-construction-work-of-rs-5-156-crore-machilipatnam-port-1604024 |url-status=live }}</ref>

=== Air ===
Krishna district is served by [[Vijayawada Airport|Vijayawada International airport]] located in [[Gannavaram]] at a distance of 67.9 km from Machilipatnam.<ref>{{Cite web |title=NTR Amaravati International Airport {{!}} Airports Authority of India |url=https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/vijayawada |access-date=5 April 2022 |archive-date=7 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220307202410/https://www.aai.aero/en/airports/vijayawada |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="howtoreach">{{Cite web |url=https://krishna.ap.gov.in/how-to-reach/ |title=How to reach |access-date=23 April 2023 |website=Krishna district |archive-date=23 April 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230423031838/https://krishna.ap.gov.in/how-to-reach/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Education ==

Dr.Gururaju Government Homoeo Medical college and Regional Research Institute for Homoeopathy are located in [[Gudivada]]. [[Krishna University]] is located in Machilipatnam.

== Culture ==

[[File:Kuchipudi Dancer Sahiti Ravali performing at Bhadrachalam 03.JPG|thumb|right|A [[Kuchipudi]] dancer performing on stage]]

The culture of Krishna district is mostly traditional in rural places and moderately modern in [[Gudivada]] and [[Machilipatnam]]. It is also famous as the birthplace for [[Indian classical dance]] named [[Kuchipudi]]. The dialect of Telugu spoken in Krishna is widely considered to be the standard form of Telugu.<ref>{{cite web |title=District profile |url=http://krishna.nic.in/ |website=Krishna District |publisher=National Informatics Centre |access-date=16 June 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612095625/http://krishna.nic.in/ |archive-date=12 June 2014 |url-status=dead}}</ref>


== Sports ==

[[Kabbadi]] is the most popular sport, followed by [[cricket]], [[volleyball]], [[badminton]], [[basketball]] and [[tennis]].

[[N. T. Rama Rao|NTR]] Stadium is the main sports venue in [[Gudivada]]. It is used for several sports, like [[Sport of athletics|athletics]], [[volleyball]], [[cricket]] practice, [[kho kho]], [[kabaddi]], [[badminton]], [[tennis]] and [[basketball]].<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/NTR-Stadium-all-set-to-become-more-sporty/article14772368.ece |title=NTR Stadium all set to become more sporty |work=The Hindu |date=2 June 2007 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210406172529/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/NTR-Stadium-all-set-to-become-more-sporty/article14772368.ece |archive-date=6 April 2021}}</ref> It is also the stadium for Krishna District Cricket Association.

==Tourism==
There are several places of tourist interest in the district. Some of them are given below.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=IV-V}}
[[File:Srikakulandhra Maha Vishnu Temple Panorama.jpg|right|thumb|Srikakulandhra Maha Vishnu Temple]]
* [[Kolleru Lake|Kolleru lake]] (Kaikaluru Mandal): largest freshwater lake
* [[Manginapudi Beach|Manginapudi]] beach: Natural beach
* [[Movva]]: Sri Movva Venugopala Swamy temple. Kshetrayya is said to have composed his famous lyrics here.
* [[Kuchipudi, Krishna district|Kuchipudi]]:the birth place of Siddhendra Yogi, the originator of the Kuchpudi dance
* [[Ghantasala, Krishna district|Ghantasala]]: once upon a time, a port and a halting place for Buddhist pilgrims and merchants travelling from Kalinga to Ceylone. Hindu and Buddhist Sculptures can be seen here
* [[Srikakulam, Krishna district|Srikakulam]] (Ghantasala Mandal): the historical capital of Andhra Empire of Goutamiputra Satakarni (AD 102–123). This is famous for the temple of Andhra Mahavishnu
* [[Hamsaladeevi]](Koduru Mandal): river Krishna drains into the Bay of Bengal at this place
* [[Gudivada]]: famous for Jain temple of Parswandha Swamy

== Notable people ==

* [[Kakarla Subba Rao]] was born in Pedamuttevi of Movva mandal and became the first director of Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad
* [[Tripuraneni Ramaswamy]] born in Angaluru of Gudlavalleru mandal was a poet and social reformer
* [[Kasinadhuni Nageswara Rao]] was born in Pesaramilli village of Gudlavalleu mandal, was the founder of ([[Andhra Patrika]], first telugu newspaper and also company which manufactures ayurvedic pain balm called Amrutanjan.
* [[Pingali Venkayya]] was born in Bhatlapenumarru,near Machilipatnam, was a freedom fighter and was known as designer of [[Indian National Flag]].
* [[C. K. Nayudu|Cottari Kanakaiya Nayudu]] was born in Machilipatnam. He served as the first-ever captain of the Indian national cricket team.
* [[N. T. Rama Rao]] popularly referred to by his initials NTR, was an Indian actor, filmmaker and a Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh. He was born in Nimmakuru of Gudivada mandal.
* [[Narla Venkateswara Rao]] was a Telugu language writer, journalist and politician from Andhra Pradesh in India. He was Rajya Sabha member twice from 3 April 1958 to 2 April 1970, and wrote a satakam in Telugu along with several other books.
* [[Narla Tata Rao]] was a prominent person in the power sector of India and a former chairman of the Andhra Pradesh State Electricity Board. He was born in [[Kavutaram]]
* [[Patcha Ramachandra Rao]] was a distinguished metallurgist and administrator. He was born in Kavutaram in Krishna District
* [[Kaikala Satyanarayana]] was an Indian actor, producer, director, and politician who predominantly worked in Telugu cinema. He was born in Kavutaram village in Krishna district.

== See also ==

{{Portal|Society|Geography|India}}
* [[Coastal Andhra]]

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}
===Books===
{{Cite book |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s3c399862d3b9d6b76c8436e924a68c45b/uploads/2022/04/2022040631.pdf |title=District Hand Book of Statistics – 2020 Krishna district |year=2022 |author=CPO}}

== External links ==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:Krishna district | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Kistna (district) | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=Q15382}}
* {{Official website}}
* [https://overpass-turbo.eu/map.html?Q=%2F*%0AShow%20Mandals%20with%20English%20labels%20for%20Andhra%20Pradesh%0A*%2F%0A%5Bout%3Ajson%5D%5Btimeout%3A25%5D%3B%0Aarea%5Bname%3D%22Andhra%20Pradesh%22%5D-%3E.b%3B%0Arel(area.b)%5Bname%3D%22Krishna%22%5D%3B%0Amap_to_area%20-%3E%20.searchArea%3B%0A(%0A%20%20relation%5B%22admin_level%22%3D%226%22%5D(area.searchArea)%3B%0A)%3B%0A%2F%2F%20print%20results%0Aout%20body%20geom%3B%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%7B%7Bstyle%3A%20%0A%20%20node%2Cway%2Crelation%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20text%3Aeval(%27tag(%22name%22)%27)%3B%0A%7D%0A%20%7D%7D Mandals of Krishna district – Overpass turbo interactive map]

{{Geographic location
|Centre    = Krishna district
|Northeast = [[Eluru district]]
|North     = [[NTR district]], [[Eluru district]]
|Northwest = [[NTR district]]
|East      = [[West Godavari district]]
|Southeast = [[Bay of Bengal]]
|South     = Bay of Bengal
|Southwest = 
|West      = [[Guntur district]], [[Bapatla district]]
}}

{{Krishna district}}
{{Districts of Andhra Pradesh}}
{{authority control}}

[[Category:Krishna district]]
[[Category:1859 establishments in India]]
[[Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh]]