Largemouth bass: Difference between revisions
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{{Nofootnotes|date=February 2008}} |
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{{Taxobox |
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|name=Largemouth Bass |
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|image=Micropterus_salmoides_2.jpg |
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|image_width=240px |
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|status=LR/lc |
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|regnum=[[Animal]]ia |
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|phylum=[[Chordate|Chordata]] |
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|classis=[[Actinopterygii]] |
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|ordo=[[Perciformes]] |
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|familia=[[Centrarchidae]] |
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|genus=''[[Micropterus]]'' |
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|species='''''M. salmoides''''' |
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|binomial=''Micropterus salmoides'' |
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}} |
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The '''largemouth bass''' ('''''Micropterus salmoides''''') is a [[species]] of [[fish]] in the [[Centrarchidae|sunfish]] [[family (biology)|family]]. It is also known as the '''bigmouth''', '''[[black bass]]''', '''bucketmouth''', '''Florida bass''', '''Florida largemouth''', '''green bass''', '''green trout''', '''linesides''', '''Oswego bass''', and '''southern largemouth'''.<ref>{{cite web |
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|url=http://myfwc.com/Fishing/Fishes/bass.html#largemouth |
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|title=Black Bass |
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|accessdate=2007-03-17 |
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|work=Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission: Division of Freshwater Fisheries}}</ref> The largemouth bass is the state fish of both [[Mississippi]] and [[Tennessee]]. |
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==Physical description== |
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[[Image:Lrgmth.jpg|thumb|left|199px|Largemouth from [[Lake Columbia]], [[Michigan]].]]The largemouth is marked by a series of dark, sometimes black, blotches forming a jagged horizontal stripe along each flank. The upper jaw ([[maxilla]]) of a largemouth bass extends beyond the rear margin of the [[orbit (anatomy)|orbit]]. The largemouth is the largest of the black basses, reaching a maximum recorded overall length of 97 [[Centimetre|cm]] (38 [[inch|in]]), and a maximum recorded weight of 10 [[Kilogram|kg]] (22¼ [[Pound (mass)|lb]]). The fish can live as long as 23 years. |
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==Forage== |
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The juvenile largemouth bass consumes mostly small bait-fish, scuds, and [[insects]]. Adults consume smaller fish, [[crawdads]], [[frog]]s, [[snake]]s, [[salamanders]], and even small [[water bird]]s, [[mammal]]s and baby [[alligators]]<ref>http://youtube.com/watch?v=_6K0m_6fAt0</ref>. In larger lakes and reservoirs, adult bass occupy deeper water than younger fish, and shift to a diet consisting almost entirely of smaller fish like shad, trout, ciscoes, shiners, and sunfish. Prey items can be as large as 25 to 35% of the bass's body length. Studies of prey utilization by largemouths show that in weedy waters, bass grow slower due to difficulty in acquiring prey. Less weed cover allows bass to more easily find and catch prey, but this consists of more open-water baitfish. Paradoxically, with little or no cover, bass can decimate the prey population and starve or get stunted. Fisheries managers need to take all these factors into consideration when designing regulations for specific bodies of water. Under overhead cover such as overhanging banks, brush, or submerged structure such as weedbeds, points, humps, ridges, and drop-offs, the largemouth bass will use its senses of hearing, sight, vibration, and smell to attack and seize its prey. It can sometimes hold up to 5 sunfish in its mouth. Adult largemouth generally are [[apex predator]]s within their habitat, but they are preyed upon by many animals while young. |
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==Angling== |
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{{Main|Bass fishing}} |
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[[Image:100 2976.JPG|thumb|left|240px|A largemouth bass caught and released in [[Forest Lake, Minnesota]].]] |
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[[Image:Angler largemouth.jpg|thumb|right|240px|A large specimen of ''M. salmoides'' caught by an [[angler]] in [[Connecticut]].]] |
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Largemouth are keenly sought after by [[Angling|angler]]s and are noted for the excitement of their fight. The fish will often become airborne in their effort to throw the hook, but many say that their cousin species, the [[smallmouth bass]], can beat them pound for pound. Anglers most often fish for largemouth bass with [[fishing lure|lure]]s such as [[plastic worm]]s (and other plastic baits), [[Jig (fishing)|jigs]], [[crankbait]]s and [[spinnerbait]]s. A recent trend is the use of swimbaits to target trophy bass that are used to hunting larger bass in Florida and California. Live bait, such as [[nightcrawlers]], [[Cyprinid|minnows]], [[frogs]] or [[crawfish]], can also be productive. In fact, large [[golden shiner]]s are one of the best things to use to catch trophy bass, especially when they are sluggish in the heat of summer time or in the cold of winter. |
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There is a strong cultural pressure among largemouth bass anglers which encourages the fish's live release, especially the larger specimens. Largemouth bass, if handled with care, respond well to [[catch and release]]; many studies have shown specimens which have survived being hooked and released multiple times. |
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The [[International Game Fish Association]] (IGFA) officially recognizes the heaviest largemouth bass on record as having been caught by George Perry at [[Montgomery Lake]] in [[Telfair County, Georgia|Telfair County]], [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], on [[June 2]], [[1932]]. The fish weighed 10 kg (22¼ lb). |
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The largemouth bass is the [[List of U.S. state fish|state fish]] of [[Alabama]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.archives.state.al.us/emblems/st_ffish.html |title=Official Alabama Freshwater Fish |accessdate=2007-03-18 |date=[[2002-11-17]] |work=Alabama Emblems, Symbols and Honors |publisher=Alabama Department of Archives & History}}</ref> [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]], [[Mississippi]], and [[Florida]]. |
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==References== |
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{{Reflist}} |
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[[Category:Fly fishing target species]] |
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[[ca:Perca americana]] |
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[[de:Forellenbarsch]] |
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[[es:Micropterus salmoides]] |
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[[fr:Achigan à grande bouche]] |
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[[it:Micropterus salmoides]] |
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[[ja:オオクチバス]] |
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[[pl:Bass wielkogębowy]] |
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[[sr:Бас (риба)]] |
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Revision as of 14:24, 1 May 2008
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