Latrunculia biformis
| Latrunculia biformis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Porifera |
| Class: | Demospongiae |
| Order: | Poecilosclerida |
| Family: | Latrunculiidae |
| Genus: | Latrunculia |
| Subgenus: | Latrunculia |
| Species: | L. biformis
|
| Binomial name | |
| Latrunculia biformis (Kirkpatrick, 1908)
| |
| Synonyms[1] | |
| |
Latrunculia biformis, the mud-clump sponge, is a widespread deep sea demosponge from the southern hemisphere.
Description
[edit]This tough and firm sponge is chocolate brown or olive green in colour and grows up to 90 millimetres (3.5 inches) in length and 80 millimetres (3.1 inches) in width.[2][3] They are semi-spherical or ovoid in shape, with the surface covered in conical, volcano-shaped oscules and flattened disk-like projections.[2]
Spicules
[edit]- Megascleres: Anisostyles that are smooth and straight or curved. The apical extremity is needle-like.[4]
- Microscleres: Aciculodiscorhabds are very similar to anisodiscorhabds, only differing in having a well developed spined apical projection.[4]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]This species is widely distributed across the southern hemisphere. It is a deep sea sponge and has been found at a depth of 18–1,080 m (59–3,543 ft). It is known from the coasts of southwest Africa, Río de la Plata in South America, and the Antarctic and Subantarctic regions.[2]
Biologically important compounds
[edit]As is the case with the majority of the species in its genus, the mud-clump sponge contains chemical compounds which are of medical interest. These include several discorhabdins with anti-cancer properties.[3] Additionally, an extracted tridiscorhabdin has been shown to exhibit highly cytotoxic activity against human colon cancer cells.[5] Extracted lipids have also been shown to have strong antioxidative properties.[6]
References
[edit]- ^ "Latrunculia biformis". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 9 August 2021.
- ^ a b c Atkinson, Lara J; Sink, Kerry J (2018). Field guide to the offshore marine invertebrates of South Africa (PDF). Pretoria: South African Environmental Observation Network. ISBN 978-1-86868-098-6. OCLC 1037159161.
- ^ a b Li; Peifer; Janussen; Tasdemir (2019-07-25). "New Discorhabdin Alkaloids from the Antarctic Deep-Sea Sponge Latrunculia biformis". Marine Drugs. 17 (8): 439. doi:10.3390/md17080439. ISSN 1660-3397. PMC 6722921. PMID 31349703.
- ^ a b Campos, Maurício; Mothes, Beatriz; Veitenheimer Mendes, Inga L. (2007). "Antarctic sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) of the South Shetland Islands and vicinity: part II. Poecilosclerida". Revista Brasileira de Zoologia. 24 (3): 742–770. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752007000300027. ISSN 0101-8175.
- ^ Li, Fengjie; Pandey, Pankaj; Janussen, Dorte; Chittiboyina, Amar G.; Ferreira, Daneel; Tasdemir, Deniz (2020-03-27). "Tridiscorhabdin and Didiscorhabdin, the First Discorhabdin Oligomers Linked with a Direct C–N Bridge from the Sponge Latrunculia biformis Collected from the Deep Sea in Antarctica". Journal of Natural Products. 83 (3): 706–713. doi:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00023. ISSN 0163-3864. PMID 32105471. S2CID 211556617.
- ^ Botić, Tanja; Cör, Darija; Anesi, Andrea; Guella, Graziano; Sepčić, Kristina; Janussen, Dorte; Kersken, Daniel; Knez, Željko (2015). "Fatty acid composition and antioxidant activity of Antarctic marine sponges of the genus Latrunculia". Polar Biology. 38 (10): 1605–1612. Bibcode:2015PoBio..38.1605B. doi:10.1007/s00300-015-1722-z. ISSN 0722-4060. S2CID 2359453.