List of moths of Great Britain (Geometridae)
Appearance
The Family Geometridae is represented by over 300 species in Great Britain.
Subfamily Archiearinae
- Archiearis parthenias Orange Underwing — throughout (localized)
- Archiearis notha Light Orange Underwing —south (Nationally Scarce B)
Subfamily Alsophilinae
- Alsophila aescularia March Moth — throughout
Subfamily Geometrinae
- Aplasta ononaria Rest Harrow — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Pseudoterpna coronillaria Jersey Emerald — Jersey
- Pseudoterpna pruinata atropunctaria Grass Emerald — throughout
- Geometra papilionaria Large Emerald — throughout
- Comibaena bajularia Blotched Emerald — south & centre (localized)
- Antonechloris smaragdaria maritima Essex Emerald — south-east, presumed extinct
- Hemithea aestivaria Common Emerald — south & central
- Chlorissa viridata Small Grass Emerald — south & west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
- [Chlorochlamys chloroleucaria Blackberry Looper — probable import]
- Thalera fimbrialis Sussex Emerald — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Hemistola chrysoprasaria Small Emerald — south & central (localized) (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Jodis lactearia Little Emerald — south, central & north-west (localized)
Subfamily Sterrhinae
- Cyclophora pendularia Dingy Mocha — south (Red Data Book) ‡
- Cyclophora annularia Mocha — south (Nationally Scarce B)
- Cyclophora albipunctata Birch Mocha — throughout
- Cyclophora puppillaria Blair's Mocha — immigrant
- Cyclophora porata False Mocha — south & central (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
- Cyclophora punctaria Maiden's Blush — south & central (localized)
- Cyclophora linearia Clay Triple-lines —south & central (localized)
- Timandra comai Blood-vein — south & central; localized in north (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Scopula immorata Lewes Wave — probably extinct
- Scopula nigropunctata Sub-angled Wave — south-east (Red Data Book)
- [Scopula virgulata Streaked Wave — old, unconfirmed record]
- [Scopula decorata Middle Lace Border — unverified records]
- Scopula ornata Lace Border — south (Nationally Scarce B)
- Scopula rubiginata Tawny Wave — south-east (Red Data Book)
- Scopula marginepunctata Mullein Wave — south, central & north (localized) (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Scopula imitaria Small Blood-vein — south & central
- Scopula emutaria Rosy Wave — south, east & west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Scopula immutata Lesser Cream Wave — south & central (localized)
- Scopula floslactata Cream Wave
- Scopula floslactata floslactata — south & central (localized)
- Scopula floslactata f. scotica — north-west (localized)
- Scopula ternata Smoky Wave — north & west (localized)
- [Scopula limboundata Large Lace Border — single, old, unconfirmed record]
- Idaea ochrata cantiata Bright Wave — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Idaea serpentata Ochraceous Wave — rare immigrant [resident on Jersey]
- Idaea muricata Purple-bordered Gold — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Idaea rusticata atrosignaria Least Carpet — south (localized)
- [Idaea laevigata Strange Wave — probable import]
- Idaea sylvestraria Dotted-border Wave — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Idaea biselata Small Fan-footed Wave — throughout
- [Idaea inquinata Rusty Wave — probable import]
- Idaea dilutaria Silky Wave — west (Red Data Book) ‡
- Idaea fuscovenosa Dwarf Cream Wave — south & central (localized)
- Idaea humiliata Isle of Wight Wave — presumed extinct
- Idaea seriata Small Dusty Wave — south, central & north-east
- Idaea dimidiata Single-dotted Wave — south, central & north-west
- Idaea subsericeata Satin Wave — south & central
- Idaea contiguaria britanniae Weaver's Wave — west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
- Idaea trigeminata Treble Brown Spot — south (localized)
- Idaea emarginata Small Scallop — south & central (localized)
- Idaea aversata Riband Wave — throughout
- Idaea degeneraria Portland Ribbon Wave — south coast & Isles of Scilly (Red Data Book)
- Idaea straminata Plain Wave — throughout
- Rhodometra sacraria Vestal — immigrant
Subfamily Larentiinae
- [Lythria purpuraria Purple-barred Yellow — old, unconfirmed records]
- Phibalapteryx virgata Oblique Striped south & west-central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Orthonama vittata Oblique Carpet — throughout ‡*
- Orthonama obstipata Gem — immigrant
- Xanthorhoe biriviata Balsam Carpet — south & south-east (uncommon)
- Xanthorhoe designata Flame Carpet — throughout
- Xanthorhoe decoloraria Red Carpet ‡*
- Xanthorhoe decoloraria hethlandica — Shetland
- Xanthorhoe decoloraria decoloraria — north & west
- Xanthorhoe spadicearia Red Twin-spot Carpet — throughout
- Xanthorhoe ferrugata Dark-barred Twin-spot Carpet — throughout (Endangered[1]) ‡*
- Xanthorhoe quadrifasiata Large Twin-spot Carpet — south & central (localized)
- Xanthorhoe montanata Silver-ground Carpet
- Xanthorhoe montanata shetlandica — Shetland
- Xanthorhoe montanata montanata — throughout
- Xanthorhoe fluctuata fluctuata Garden Carpet — throughout
- Scotopteryx moeniata Fortified Carpet — probable rare immigrant (old records)
- Scotopteryx peribolata Spanish Carpet — immigrant to south
- Scotopteryx bipunctaria cretata Chalk Carpet — south & central (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
- Scotopteryx chenopodiata Shaded Broad-bar — throughout (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Scotopteryx mucronata Lead Belle
- Scotopteryx mucronata scotica — west-central & north (localized)
- Scotopteryx mucronata umbrifera — south-west (localized)
- Scotopteryx luridata plumbaria July Belle — throughout
- Catarhoe rubidata Ruddy Carpet — south (Nationally Scarce B)
- Catarhoe cuculata Royal Mantle — south & north (localized)
- Epirrhoe tristata Small Argent and Sable — north & west
- Epirrhoe alternata Common Carpet
- Epirrhoe alternata obscurata — Outer Hebrides
- Epirrhoe alternata alternata — throughout
- Epirrhoe rivata Wood Carpet — south & central (localized)
- Epirrhoe galiata Galium Carpet — south, central & north (localized) (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Costaconvexa polygrammata Many-lined — extinct; rare immigrant
- [Costaconvexa centrostrigaria Traveller — probable import]
- Camptogramma bilineata Yellow Shell
- Camptogramma bilineata bilineata — throughout
- Camptogramma bilineata atlantica — Shetland & Outer Hebrides
- Entephria flavicinctata Yellow-ringed Carpet
- Entephria flavicinctata flavicinctata — west coast of Scotland & Inner Hebrides, Yorkshire Dales & Black Mountains (Nationally Scarce B)
- Entephria flavicinctata ruficinctata — central & north-west Scotland (localized)
- Entephria caesiata Grey Mountain Moth — west-central & north (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Larentia clavaria Mallow — south, central & north
- Anticlea badiata Shoulder Stripe — south, central & north
- Anticlea derivata Streamer — throughout
- Mesoleuca albicillata Beautiful Carpet — south, central & north
- Pelurga comitata Dark Spinach — south, central & north (Endangered[1]) ‡*
- Lampropteryx suffumata Water Carpet — throughout
- Lampropteryx otregiata Devon Carpet — south & south-west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Cosmorhoe ocellata Purple Bar — throughout
- Nebula salicata latentaria Striped Twin-spot Carpet — north, west & south-west
- Eulithis prunata Phoenix — throughout
- Eulithis testata Chevron — throughout
- Eulithis populata Northern Spinach — south-west, west, central & north
- Eulithis mellinata Spinach — south, central & north
- Eulithis pyraliata Barred Straw — throughout
- Ecliptopera silaceata Small Phoenix — throughout (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Chloroclysta siterata Red–Green Carpet — throughout
- Chloroclysta miata Autumn Green Carpet — throughout (localized)
- Chloroclysta citrata Dark Marbled Carpet
- Chloroclysta concinnata Arran Carpet — north-west (Nationally Scarce A)
- Chloroclysta truncata Common Marbled Carpet — throughout
- Cidaria fulvata Barred Yellow — throughout
- Plemyria rubiginata Blue-bordered Carpet
- Plemyria rubiginata rubiginata — south & central
- Plemyria rubiginata plumbata — north (localized)
- Thera firmata Pine Carpet — throughout
- Thera obeliscata Grey Pine Carpet — throughout
- Thera britannica Spruce Carpet — throughout
- Thera cognata Chestnut-coloured Carpet — central & north (Nationally Scarce B)
- Thera juniperata Juniper Carpet
- Thera juniperata juniperata — throughout
- Thera juniperata scotica —north (localized)
- Thera juniperata orcadensis — Orkney (possibly extinct)
- Thera cupressata Cypress Carpet — south-east (uncommon)
- Eustroma reticulata Netted Carpet — west-central (Red Data Book) ‡
- Electrophaes corylata Broken-barred Carpet — throughout
- Colostygia olivata Beech-green Carpet — north, west-central & south (localized)
- Colostygia multistrigaria Mottled Grey — throughout
- Colostygia pectinataria Green Carpet — throughout
- Hydriomena furcata July Highflyer — throughout
- Hydriomena impluviata May Highflyer — throughout
- Hydriomena ruberata Ruddy Highflyer —north, west, south & east (localized)
- Coenocalpe lapidata Slender-striped Rufous — north (Nationally Scarce A)
- Horisme vitalbata Small Waved Umber — south & central
- Horisme tersata Fern — south & central
- [Horisme aquata Cumbrian Umber — dubious record]
- Melanthia procellata Pretty Chalk Carpet — south & central (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Pareulype berberata Barberry Carpet — south (Red Data Book) ‡
- Spargania luctuata White-banded Carpet — south-east (Nationally Scarce A)
- Rheumaptera hastata Argent and Sable ‡
- Rheumaptera hastata hastata — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Rheumaptera hastata f. nigrescens — north (Nationally Scarce B)
- Rheumaptera cervinalis Scarce Tissue — south & central (localized)
- Rheumaptera undulata Scallop Shell — south, central & north (localized)
- Triphosa dubitata Tissue — south & central (localized)
- Philereme vetulata Brown Scallop — south (not south-west) & central (localized)
- Philereme transversata britannica Dark Umber — south (not south-west) & central (localized)
- Euphyia biangulata Cloaked Carpet — west, south & south-east (Nationally Scarce B)
- Euphyia unangulata Sharp-angled Carpet — south (localized)
- Epirrita dilutata November Moth — throughout
- Epirrita christyi Pale November Moth — south, central & north
- Epirrita autumnata Autumnal Moth — throughout
- Epirrita filigrammaria Small Autumnal Moth — north, central & west
- Operophtera brumata Winter Moth — throughout
- Operophtera fagata Northern Winter Moth — throughout
- Perizoma taeniata Barred Carpet — central & north (Nationally Scarce A)
- Perizoma affinitata Rivulet — throughout
- Perizoma alchemillata Small Rivulet — throughout
- Perizoma bifaciata Barred Rivulet — south, central & north (localized)
- Perizoma minorata ericetata Heath Rivulet — north & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Perizoma blandiata Pretty Pinion
- Perizoma blandiata blandiata — north & west (local)
- Perizoma blandiata perfasciata — Hebrides & Isle of Rum
- Perizoma albulata Grass Rivulet (Endangered[1]) ‡*
- Perizoma albulata albulata — throughout (localized)
- Perizoma albulata subfasciaria — Shetland
- Perizoma flavofasciata Sandy Carpet — throughout
- Perizoma didymata Twin-spot Carpet
- Perizoma didymata didymata — throughout
- Perizoma didymata hethlandica — Shetland
- Perizoma sagittata Marsh Carpet — east-central (Nationally Scarce A)
- Eupithecia tenuiata Slender Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia inturbata Maple Pug — south & central (localized)
- Eupithecia haworthiata Haworth's Pug — south & central (localized)
- Eupithecia plumbeolata Lead-coloured Pug — south, central & north-west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia abietaria Cloaked Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia linariata Toadflax Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia pulchellata Foxglove Pug
- Eupithecia irriguata Marbled Pug — south (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia exiguata Mottled Pug
- Eupithecia exiguata exiguata — throughout
- Eupithecia exiguata muricolor — Aberdeenshire
- Eupithecia insigniata Pinion-spotted Pug — south (not south-west) & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia valerianata Valerian Pug — throughout (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia pygmaeata Marsh Pug — south, central & north (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia venosata Netted Pug
- Eupithecia egenaria Fletcher's (Pauper) Pug — south-west & east (Red Data Book)
- Eupithecia centaureata Lime-speck Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia trisignaria Triple-spotted Pug — throughout (localized)
- Eupithecia intricata
- Eupithecia intricata millieraria Edinburgh Pug — north
- Eupithecia intricata arceuthata Freyer's Pug — south & central
- Eupithecia satyrata Satyr Pug
- [Eupithecia cauchiata Doubleday's Pug — single old record, Essex]
- Eupithecia absinthiata Wormwood Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia assimilata Currant Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia expallidata Bleached Pug — south-east, west & north (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia vulgata Common Pug
- Eupithecia vulgata vulgata — south & central
- Eupithecia vulgata scotica — north
- Eupithecia tripunctaria White-spotted Pug — south, central & north (localized)
- Eupithecia denotata
- Eupithecia denotata denotata Campanula Pug — south & east (Nationally Scarce A)
- Eupithecia denotata jasioneata Jasione Pug — south-west & west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
- Eupithecia subfuscata Grey Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia icterata subfulvata Tawny Speckled Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia succenturiata Bordered Pug — south, central & north
- Eupithecia subumbrata Shaded Pug — throughout (localized)
- Eupithecia millefoliata Yarrow Pug — south-east (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia simpliciata Plain Pug — south & central (localized)
- Eupithecia sinuosaria Goosefoot Pug — probable rare immigrant
- Eupithecia distinctaria constrictata Thyme Pug — throughout (except south-east) (Nationally Scarce B)
- Eupithecia indigata Ochreous Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia pimpinellata Pimpinel Pug — south & central (localized)
- Eupithecia nanata Narrow-winged Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia extensaria occidua Scarce Pug — east-central (Red Data Book) ‡
- Eupithecia innotata Angle-barred Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia fraxinata Ash Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia tamarisciata Tamarisk Pug — south (uncommon on alien Tamarisk)
- Eupithecia virgaureata Golden-rod Pug — west & east (localized)
- Eupithecia abbreviata Brindled Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia dodoneata Oak-tree Pug —south & central
- Eupithecia pusillata Juniper Pug
- Eupithecia pusillata pusillata — throughout
- Eupithecia pusillata anglicata — extinct
- Eupithecia phoeniceata Cypress Pug — south (uncommon)
- Eupithecia ultimaria Channel Islands Pug — south (uncommon)
- Eupithecia lariciata Larch Pug — throughout
- Eupithecia tantillaria Dwarf Pug — throughout
- Chloroclystis v-ata V-Pug — throughout
- Pasiphila chloerata Sloe Pug — south & central
- Pasiphila rectangulata Green Pug — throughout
- Pasiphila debiliata Bilberry Pug — south & west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Gymnoscelis rufifasciata Double-striped Pug — throughout
- Anticollix sparsata Dentated Pug — south & central (Nationally Scarce A)
- Chesias legatella Streak — throughout (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Chesias rufata Broom-tip (Vulnerble[1]) ‡*
- Chesias rufata rufata — south-east & west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Chesias rufata scotica — north (Nationally Scarce B)
- Carsia sororiata anglica Manchester Treble-bar — north & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Aplocera plagiata Treble Bar
- Aplocera plagiata plagiata — throughout
- Aplocera plagiata scotica — north
- Aplocera efformata Lesser Treble-bar —south & central
- Aplocera praeformata Purple Treble-bar — probable immigrant (2 records)
- Odezia atrata Chimney Sweeper — north, central & south
- Lithostege griseata Grey Carpet — east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Discoloxia blomeri Blomer's Rivulet — south, central & west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Venusia cambrica Welsh Wave — west & north (localized)
- Euchoeca nebulata Dingy Shell — south & central (localized)
- Asthena albulata Small White Wave — throughout
- Hydrelia flammeolaria Small Yellow Wave — throughout
- Hydrelia sylvata Waved Carpet — west, south-east & south-west (Nationally Scarce B)
- Minoa murinata Drab Looper — west, south & south-west (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
- Lobophora halterata Seraphim — throughout
- Trichopteryx polycommata Barred Tooth-striped — throughout (Nationally Scarce A) ‡
- Trichopteryx carpinata Early Tooth-striped — throughout
- Pterapherapteryx sexalata Small Seraphim — throughout
- Acasis viretata Yellow-barred Brindle — south, central & north-west (localized)
- Abraxas grossulariata Magpie Moth — throughout
- Abraxas sylvata Clouded Magpie — south & central (localized)
- [Abraxas pantaria Light Magpie — unconfirmed old record]
- Lomaspilis marginata Clouded Border — throughout
- Ligdia adustata Scorched Carpet — south & central (localized)
- Stegania trimaculata Dorset Cream Wave — rare immigrant
- Stegania cararia Ringed Border — rare immigrant
- Macaria notata Peacock Moth — south, west-central & north-west (localized)
- Macaria alternata Sharp-angled Peacock — south & central (localized)
- Macaria signaria Dusky Peacock — immigrant
- [Macaria bicolorata praeatomata Dingy Angle — dubious very old record]
- Macaria liturata Tawny-barred Angle — throughout
- Macaria carbonaria Netted Mountain Moth — north-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Macaria wauaria V-Moth — throughout (localized) ‡*
- Chiasmia clathrata clathrata Latticed Heath — south, central & north (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Itame brunneata Rannoch Looper — north-east (Nationally Scarce A)
- [Hypagyrtis unipunctata White Spot — dubious very old record]
- Isturgia limbaria Frosted Yellow — presumed extinct
- [Nematocampa limbata Bordered Chequer — dubious very old record]
- Cepphis advenaria Little Thorn — west & south (not south-west) (Nationally Scarce B)
- Petrophora chlorosata Brown Silver-line — throughout
- Plagodis pulveraria Barred Umber — throughout (localized)
- Plagodis dolabraria Scorched Wing — throughout (localized)
- Pachycnemia hippocastanaria Horse Chestnut — south & east-central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Opisthograptis luteolata Brimstone Moth — throughout
- Epione repandaria Bordered Beauty — throughout
- Epione vespertaria Dark Bordered Beauty — north-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Pseudopanthera macularia Speckled Yellow — throughout
- Apeira syringaria Lilac Beauty — south & central (localized)
- Ennomos autumnaria Large Thorn — south-east (Nationally Scarce B)
- Ennomos quercinaria August Thorn — south & central (localized) (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Ennomos alniaria Canary-shouldered Thorn — throughout
- Ennomos fuscantaria Dusky Thorn — south & central (Endangered[1]) ‡*
- Ennomos erosaria September Thorn — south, central & north (Endangered[1]) ‡*
- [Ennomos quercaria Clouded August Thorn — unconfirmed records]
- [Ennomos subsignaria — probable import]
- Selenia dentaria Early Thorn — throughout
- Selenia lunularia Lunar Thorn — throughout (localized)
- Selenia tetralunaria Purple Thorn — south, central & north
- Odontopera bidentata Scalloped Hazel — throughout
- Crocallis elinguaria Scalloped Oak — throughout
- Ourapteryx sambucaria Swallow-tailed Moth — throughout
- Colotois pennaria Feathered Thorn — throughout
- Angerona prunaria Orange Moth — south (localized)
- Apocheima hispidaria Small Brindled Beauty — south & central (localized)
- Apocheima pilosaria Pale Brindled Beauty — throughout
- Lycia hirtaria Brindled Beauty — south, central & north (Vulnerable[1]) ‡*
- Lycia zonaria Belted Beauty
- Lycia zonaria britannica — west-central (Red Data Book)
- Lycia zonaria atlantica — north-west (Nationally Scarce A)
- Lycia lapponaria scotica Rannoch Brindled Beauty — north (Nationally Scarce A)
- Biston strataria Oak Beauty — south, central & north
- Biston betularia Peppered Moth — throughout
- Agriopis leucophaearia Spring Usher — throughout
- Agriopis aurantiaria Scarce Umber — throughout
- Agriopis marginaria Dotted Border — throughout
- Erannis defoliaria Mottled Umber — throughout
- Menophra abruptaria Waved Umber — south & central
- Peribatodes rhomboidaria Willow Beauty — south, central & north
- Peribatodes secundaria Feathered Beauty — south-east (uncommon on alien Norway Spruce)
- Peribatodes ilicaria Lydd Beauty — rare immigrant to south-east
- Selidosema brunnearia scandinaviaria Bordered Grey — south, west-central, north-west & north-east (Nationally Scarce A)
- Cleora cinctaria Ringed Carpet
- Cleora cinctaria bowesi — north-west & west-central (Nationally Scarce A)
- Cleora cinctaria cinctaria — south (Nationally Scarce A)
- Deileptenia ribeata Satin Beauty — throughout
- Alcis repandata Mottled Beauty
- Alcis repandata repandata — throughout
- Alcis repandata sodorensium — Hebrides
- Alcis jubata Dotted Carpet — west & north (localized)
- Hypomecis roboraria Great Oak Beauty — south & central (Nationally Scarce B)
- Hypomecis punctinalis Pale Oak Beauty — south
- Cleorodes lichenaria Brussels Lace — west, west-central, south & north (localized)
- Fagivorina arenaria Speckled Beauty — extinct
- Ectropis bistortata Engrailed — throughout
- Ectropis crepuscularia Small Engrailed — wouth, central & north (localized)
- Paradarisa consonaria Square Spot — south & west (localized)
- Parectropis similaria Brindled White-spot — south (localized)
- Aethalura punctulata Grey Birch — south, central & north
- Ematurga atomaria Common Heath — throughout
- Tephronia sepiaria Dusky Carpet — probable immigrant
- Bupalus piniaria Bordered White — throughout
- Cabera pusaria Common White Wave — throughout
- Cabera exanthemata Common Wave — throughout
- Lomographa bimaculata White-pinion Spotted — south & west-central
- Lomographa temerata Clouded Silver — south, central & north
- Aleucis distinctata Sloe Carpet — south-east & south (Nationally Scarce B) ‡
- Theria primaria Early Moth — south, central & north
- Campaea margaritata Light Emerald — throughout
- Hylaea fasciaria Barred Red — throughout
- Gnophos obfuscata Scotch (Scottish) Annulet — north (Nationally Scarce B)
- Charissa obscurata Annulet — throughout
- Glacies coracina Black Mountain Moth — north (Nationally Scarce A)
- Siona lineata Black-veined Moth — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Aspitates gilvaria gilvaria Straw Belle — south-east (Red Data Book) ‡
- Semiaspilates ochrearia Yellow Belle — south (localized)
- Dyscia fagaria Grey Scalloped Bar — throughout (localized)
- Perconia strigillaria Grass Wave — throughout (localized)
Species listed in the 2007 UK Biodiversity Action Plan (BAP)[2] are indicated by a double-dagger symbol (‡)—species so listed for research purposes only are also indicated with an asterisk (‡*).
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Fox, R., K.F. Conrad, M.S. Parsons, M.S. Warren and I.P. Woiwood, 2006. The State of Britain's Larger Moths. Butterfly Conservation and Rothamsted Research, Wareham, UK.
- ^ Butterfly Conservation, 2007. The UK Biodiversity Action Plan – Moths. Butterfly Conservation, Wareham, UK. 4p.
- Waring, Paul, Martin Townsend and Richard Lewington (2003) Field Guide to the Moths of Great Britain and Ireland. British Wildlife Publishing, Hook, UK. ISBN 0-9531399-1-3.