List of treaties unsigned or unratified by the United States

This is a list of international treaties the United States has either not signed, not ratified, or signed/ratified but later withdrawn its signature/ratification from.

Background

"[The President] shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur..."

– Treaty Clause (U.S. Constitution)

Further information: Treaty Clause

See also: Foreign policy of the United States and List of United States treaties

The Treaty Clause in Article Two of the United States Constitution dictates that the President of the United States negotiates treaties with other countries or political entities, and signs them. Signed treaties enter into force only if ratified by at least two-thirds (67 members) of the United States Senate. (Technically, the Senate itself does not ratify treaties, it only approves or rejects resolutions of ratification submitted by the Committee on Foreign Relations; if approved, the United States exchanges the instruments of ratification with the foreign power(s)). Between 1789 and 1990, the Senate approved more than 1,500 treaties, rejected 21, and 85 treaties were withdrawn because the Senate did not act on them. As of December 2014, 36 treaties signed by the President were awaiting action by the Senate.

Among the treaties unsigned or unratified by the United States, a few have been singled out by organizations such as Human Rights Watch (2009), as extremely important, and the United States’ reluctance to ratify them problematic. Among the treaties are the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED), the Ottawa Treaty (Mine Ban Treaty), the Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM), the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT). The United States is also one of the few countries not to have ratified the Kyoto Protocol. According to a 2014 analysis by The New Republic, the ratification of a significant number of treaties signed after 1990 has been blocked by senators of the Republican Party for various ideological reasons.

List

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Year	Treaty	Depositary	U.S. status
1930	Forced Labour Convention	International Labour Organization	signed, not ratified
1948	Freedom of Association and Protection of the Right to Organise Convention	International Labour Organization	not signed
1949	Right to Organise and Collective Bargaining Convention, 1949	International Labour Organization	not signed
1950	Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1951	Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees	UN Secretary-General	only 1967 protocol
1951	Equal Remuneration Convention	International Labour Organization	signed, not ratified
1954	Convention Relating to the Status of Stateless Persons	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1958	Discrimination (Employment and Occupation) Convention	International Labour Organization	signed, not ratified
1960	Convention against Discrimination in Education	UNESCO	signed, not ratified
1961	Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1962	Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1964	Employment Policy Convention, 1964	International Labour Organization	signed, not ratified
1966	International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1966	First Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1969	Convention on the Non-Applicability of Statutory Limitations to War Crimes and Crimes Against Humanity	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1969	Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1972	Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty	Bilateral US–Soviet treaty	ratified 1972, withdrew 2002
1973	Minimum Age Convention, 1973	International Labour Organization	signed, not ratified
1977	American Convention on Human Rights	Organization of American States	signed, not ratified
1977	Protocol I (Geneva Conventions amendment)	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1977	Protocol II (Geneva Conventions amendment)	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1979	Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)	UN Secretary-General	signed 1980, not ratified
1979	Salt II	Bilateral US–Soviet treaty	signed 1979, withdrew 1980
1979	Moon Treaty	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1981	Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981	International Labour Organization	signed, not ratified
1982	United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS)	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1987	Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty	Bilateral US–Soviet treaty	ratified 1988, withdrew 2019
1989	Second Optional Protocol to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1989	Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC)	UN Secretary-General	signed 1995, not ratified
1989	Basel Convention	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1990	International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1992	Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1994	Convention on the Safety of United Nations and Associated Personnel	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1996	Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1997	Kyoto Protocol	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
1997	Ottawa Treaty (Mine Ban Treaty)	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1998	Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court	UN Secretary-General	signed 1998, withdrew 2002
1999	Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (OP-CEDAW)	UN Secretary-General	not signed
1999	Civil Law Convention on Corruption	Council of Europe	not signed
2002	Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture (OPCAT)	UN Secretary-General	not signed
2007	International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPPED)	UN Secretary-General	not signed
2007	Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities	UN Secretary-General	signed 2009, not ratified
2008	Convention on Cluster Munitions (CCM)	UN Secretary-General	not signed
2011	Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement (ACTA)	Government of Japan	signed, not ratified
2013	Arms Trade Treaty (ATT)	UN Secretary-General	signed, not ratified
2016	Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)	Government of New Zealand	signed 2016, withdrew 2017

See also

• List of United States treaties
• Foreign policy of the United States

External links

• Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties - USA