Lorenzo Litta

His Eminence Lorenzo Litta
Vicar General of Rome
Portrait painted between 1800-24.
Church	Roman Catholic Church
Diocese	Rome
See	Rome
Appointed	28 September 1818
Term ended	1 May 1820
Predecessor	Giulio Maria della Somaglia
Successor	Annibale della Genga
Other post(s)	Cardinal-Bishop of Sabina (1814–20) Cardinal-Protector of the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy (1817–20)
Previous post(s)	Titular Archbishop of Thebae (1793–1801) Apostolic Nuncio to Poland (1794–96) Apostolic Nuncio to Russia (1797–99) Cardinal-Priest of Santa Pudenziana (1801–14) Prefect of the Congregation of the Index (1803–09) Camerlengo of the College of Cardinals (1806–07) Prefect of the Congregation of the Propagation of the Faith (1814–18)
Orders
Ordination	6 June 1789
Consecration	6 October 1793 by Luigi Valenti Gonzaga
Created cardinal	23 February 1801 (in pectore) 28 September 1801 (revealed) by Pope Pius VII
Rank	Cardinal-Priest (1801–14) Cardinal-Bishop (1814–20)
Personal details
Born	Lorenzo Litta 23 February 1756 Milan, Duchy of Milan
Died	1 May 1820(1820-05-01) (aged 64) Monteflavio, Sabina, Papal States
Buried	Santi Giovanni e Paolo al Celio
Parents	Pompeo Giulio Litta Visconti Arese Maria Elisabetta Visconti Borromeo Arese
Alma mater	La Sapienza

Lorenzo Litta (23 February 1756 – 1 May 1820) was an Italian littérateur and churchman, who became a Cardinal.

Biography

Litta was born in Milan, a member of the noble Litta family.

As a youth he was sent by his parents to the Clementine College in Rome, where he made rapid progress in letters and law. Not long after the completion of his studies he was made prothonotary Apostolic by Pope Pius VI. In 1793 he was consecrated titular Archbishop of Thebes, and sent as nuncio to Poland, where he arrived in March, 1794, shortly before the start of the uprising. Notwithstanding the difficulty of his own position, he used his influence with Tadeusz Kościuszko on behalf of the Catholic Church, and saved the life of Wojciech Skarszewski, Bishop of Chełm, already condemned to death for collaborating with Russians. He was not so successful with regard to the Bishop of Vilnius and Livonia Ignacy Jakub Massalski.

In the negotiations for the third partition of Poland, he tried to have the three states guarantee the preservation of the Church organization and property — guarantees which were violated by Catherine II of Russia. On her death Litta was sent on an extraordinary mission to Moscow for the coronation of Paul I of Russia, whence he was transferred as ambassador of Pius VI to St. Petersburg, to settle, according to Paul's wish, the affairs of the Latin and the Greek Catholic Ruthenian (Belarusian and Ukrainian) church. He secured the restoration of six dioceses of the Latin Rite and three of the Ruthenian (Połacak, Lutsk, and Brest). The restoration of the See of Kiev was prevented by the Russian Holy Synod. Church property was only partly restored, though the government was obliged to establish suitable allowances for the clergy.

Litta also induced the metropolitans of Gniezno, Poznań, and Lwów to renounce their jurisdiction over the dioceses of the Latin Rite in Russian occupied territory, these being transferred to the new metropolis of Mahiloŭ. Through his efforts also the Basilian Order was restored. In April, 1799, he had to leave Russia.

On the death of Pius VI he went to Venice to assist at the Papal conclave, 1799–1800. When he returned to Rome he was given an office in the papal treasury which enabled him to eradicate many abuses and introduce a better administration. In 1801 he was created cardinal and was made Prefect of the Congregation of the Index and, later, of Studies.

In 1809 he was expelled from Rome with Pope Pius VII and sent to Saint-Quentin on the Seine. During this exile he translated the Iliad, and wrote a series of letters containing a refutation of the four Gallican Articles of 1682, then the subject of much discussion. Some of these letters were addressed to Napoleon himself, and were later published anonymously.

Returning to Rome with Pius VII, Litta was made Prefect of Propaganda, which, under his administration, soon recovered its former status. In 1814 he became suburbicarian Bishop of Sabina, and in 1818 Cardinal Vicar of Rome.

He died at Monte Flavio, near Rome, and was buried at Rome in the church of SS. Giovanni e Paolo.

External links

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Litta". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.