M16 (rocket)
| M16 | |
|---|---|
 The T66 launcher for the M16 rocket | |
| Type | Surface-to-surface rocket |
| Place of origin | United States |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1945-1954 |
| Used by | United States Army, United States Navy |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 42.5 lb (19.3 kg) |
| Length | 31 in (790 mm) |
| Diameter | 4.5 in (110 mm) |
| Warhead | High explosive |
| Engine | Solid-fuel rocket |
Operational range | 3.1 mi (5 km) |
Guidance system | None |
The M16 was a 4.5-inch (110 mm) spin-stabilized unguided multiple rocket launcher developed by the United States Army during the Second World War. Entering service in April 1945 to replace the earlier fin-stabilised M8 rocket, it was used late in the war and also during the Korean War before being removed from service.
Development
Developed during the latter stages of the Second World War, the M16 was the first 4.5-inch (110 mm) unguided, spin-stabilized rocket to be standardized for production by the United States Army.[1] 31 inches (790 mm) in length, it could hit targets as far as 5,200 yd (4,800 m) from its launcher.[2] The M16 was launched from T66 "Honeycomb" 24-tube launchers,[3] and could also be fired from 60-tube "Hornet's Nest" launchers.[1] The United States Marine Corps developed launching systems for the M16 rocket as well, capable of being fitted to standard 3/4 and 2.5-ton trucks.[3] A version of the M16 rocket for single launchers, the M20, was developed as a derivative; practice rounds designated M17 and M21 were also manufactured.[4]
During the Cold war years, various state and privately-owned scientific institutions were engaged in the R&D projects, concerning development and enhancement of the U.S. Army spin-stabilized rockets, to mention California Institute of Technology, North Carolina State College of Agriculture of the University of North Carolina.[5]
Operational history
A unit of "Honeycombs" was deployed to the European Theater of Operations in May 1945, and saw limited action in Czechoslovakia before the end of the war; only being used in a single engagement.[6] Two of five battalions equipped with the M16 were deployed to the Pacific Theater of Operations, being stationed on Okinawa and in The Philippines, however the war ended before these units could see combat.[3] The M16 remained in service with the U.S. Marine Corps following the war, with a single 18-launcher battery equipping each Marine Division; these saw combat service during the Korean War,[7] as did U.S. Army launchers,[1] the M16 fired from the T66 launcher being considered one of the "principal artillery weapons in the Korean War inventory".[8]
See also
References
Citations
- ^ a b c Parsch 2006
- ^ Comparato 1965, p. 295
- ^ a b c Zaloga 2007, p.19
- ^ Ordnance Committee Minutes 27687, Research and Development Service, Office of the Chief of Ordnance. 17 May 1945.
- ^ Army Contracts. // Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 4, 1959, v. 70, no. 18, p. 77.
- ^ Bishop 1998, p. 175
- ^ Turner 1990, p.20
- ^ "The Modern Era: 1950-2000" (PDF). Huachuca Illustrated. 10. Fort Huachuca, Arizona: Fort Huachuca Museum: 36. 1999.
Bibliography
- Bishop, Chris, ed. (1998). The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II. New York: Orbis. ISBN 1-58663-762-2.
- Comparato, Frank (1965). Age of Great Guns: Cannon Kings and Cannoneers Who Forged the Firepower of Artillery. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books. ASIN B001KJR32I.
- Parsch, Andreas (2006). "4.5-Inch Barrage Rockets". Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles Appendix 4: Undesignated Vehicles. Designation-Systems.net. Retrieved 2012-05-30.
- Turner, David J. (1990-03-29). "MLRS": A Rocket System for the Marine Corps. Carlisle Barracks, PA: U.S. Army War College. AD-A223 182.
- Zaloga, Stephen (2007). US Field Artillery of World War II. New Vanguard. Vol. 131. New York: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84603-061-1.