Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System

For other uses, see Mesoamerica (disambiguation).

Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System
Ecology
Realm	Neotropical
Geography
Area	106,629.5 km2 (41,169.9 sq mi)
Countries	Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico

A coral skeleton from the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System, Quintana Roo, Mexico

The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System (MBRS), also popularly known as the Great Mayan Reef or Great Maya Reef, is a marine region that stretches over 1,126 kilometres (700 mi) along the coasts of four countries – Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras – from Isla Contoy at the northern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula south to Belize, Guatemala and the Bay Islands of Honduras. It is the second-longest reef system in the world.

It includes various protected areas and parks including the Belize Barrier Reef, Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park, Hol Chan Marine Reserve (Belize), Sian Ka'an biosphere reserve, and the Cayos Cochinos Marine Park. Belize's coastline, including the Belize Barrier Reef, is home to approximately 30% of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System.

Aerial view of Caye Caulker in Belize

It begins near Isla Contoy on the northern tip of the Yucatán Peninsula and continues south alongside the Riviera Maya including areas like Cozumel and Banco Chinchorro. It then continues south along the eastern coast of Belize including many cayes and atolls. It extends to the north-east corner of Honduras. It is the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere.

Biodiversity

Coral reef and marine life in Arrecifes de Cozumel National Park

The reef system is home to more than 65 species of stony coral, 350 species of mollusk and more than 500 species of fish. There are numerous species that live in or around the reef system that are endangered or under some degree of protection, including five species of sea turtles (green sea turtle, loggerhead sea turtle, leatherback turtle, hawksbill turtle and olive ridley turtle), the queen conch, the West Indian manatee, the splendid toadfish, the American crocodile, the Morelet's crocodile, the Nassau grouper, elkhorn coral, and black coral.

The reef system is home to one of the world's largest populations of manatees, with an estimated 1,000 to 1,500 of them.

Some northern areas of the reef system near Isla Contoy are home to the largest fish on the planet, the whale shark These normally solitary animals congregate in social groups to feed and mate.

Threats

The Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is considered critically endangered according to the IUCN Red List of Ecosystems. Over the past 50 years, this ecosystem has faced numerous threats, including hurricanes, rising surface water temperatures, ocean acidification, pollution, overfishing, invasive species such as lionfish and disease outbreaks of corals and urchins.

The reef system is suffering an invasion by lionfish (Pterois volitans and Pterois miles), which are native to the Indo-Pacific region. They severely damage the reef ecosystem by eating nearly every reef-tending species, such as cleaner shrimp and other species that eat algae, which keep the corals clean, alive, and disease-free. Lionfish eat up to 90% of these reef-tending species in a given area within just a few months, which can result in a quick death for a reef. Valuable commercial species, such as lobster, are being negatively affected by the spread of the lionfish due to their enormous appetite.

See also

• List of reefs
• Assisted evolution
• Coral Reef Alliance

External links

• Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System Project Archived 2005-11-24 at the Wayback Machine
• Mesoamerican Reef Alliance (MAR), a collaborative project for the management and conservation of the reef system, coordinated by the International Coral Reef Action Network (ICRAN)