MF59

MF59 is an immunologic adjuvant that uses squalene. It is Novartis' proprietary adjuvant that is added to influenza vaccines to help stimulate the human body's immune response through production of CD4 memory cells. MF59 is the first oil-in-water influenza vaccine adjuvant not to be commercialized in combination with a seasonal influenza virus vaccine. It was developed in the 1990s by researchers at Ciba-Geigy, a Novartis heritage company, and Chiron, acquired by Novartis in 2006.