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Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau

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Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau (1905–1970) was a pioneering Haitian sociologist and educator. In 1934, she was one of the principal founders of the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale (Women's Social Action League), the first feminist organization in Haiti.[1][2]

Biography

Born on 5 July 1905 in Port-au-Prince, she was the daughter of the poet and diplomat Georges Sylvain and his wife Eugénie Mallebranche.[3] A brilliant student, she was educated in Haiti, Puerto Rico and the United States, graduating in law at the University of Haiti in 1933, studying education and sociology at the University of Puerto-Rico (1936–38) and at Bryn Mawr College, Pennsylvania, where she earned a doctorate in sociology in 1941. Her thesis Haïti et ses femmes. Une étude d’évolution culturelle (Haiti and its Women. A Study of Cultural Evolution) was published in 1957.[1]

Her academic career began in 1941 when she taught at Haiti's Ethnology Institute, continuing in 1945 at the National Agricultural School and at Fisk University.[2]

With a view to improving social and economic conditions for women, together with several other women from the upper and middle classes, she established the Ligue Féminine d'Action Sociale. Founded on 3 March 1934, shortly after the end of the American occupation, the League set out to involve women in the country's physical, intellectual and moral development and to improve their civil and political rights. Sylvain-Bouchereau played an important part in contributing to La Voix des Femmes, the organization's journal. The League thrived until 1957 when its activities were curtailed under the Duvalier dictatorship. One of the remaining successes is the Foyer Alice-Garoute, established by Sylvain-Bouchereau for the education of rural girls.[1]

International participation

Sylvain-Bouchereau's international career began in 1937 when she was the Haitian delegate at the Third Inter-American Conference on Education. She was an early participant in the work of the United Nations, arranging social services for Polish political prisoners in 1944. She sat on the first committee for women's rights and, from 1952 to 1956, assisted the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom in giving educational courses in Copenhagen and Hamburg. From 1966 to 1968, Sylvain-Bouchereau was an advisor to the Government of Togo on community development.[2]

Sylvain-Bouchereau was one of seven notable brothers and sisters. Her elder sister, Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvain (1898-1925), was Haiti's first female anthropologist, while her younger sister, Yvonne Sylvain (1907-1989), was the country's first female doctor. Her brother, Normil Sylvain (1900-1929), founded La Revue indigène which published native Haitian poetry and literature. Her youngest brother, Pierre Sylvain (1910–1991), a botanist, reported on coffee production in Ethiopia.[4]

Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau died in 1970 in New York City.[2]

Selected works

  • Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1944), Education des femmes en Haïti, Port-au-Prince, Imp. de l’Etat.
  • Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1944), Lecture Haïtienne : La Famille Renaud, Port-au-Prince, Editions Henri Deschamps.
  • Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1946), "Les Droits des femmes et la nouvelle Constitution", in La Femme haïtienne répond aux attaques formulées contre elle à l’Assemblée constituante, Port-au-Prince, Société d’Editions et de Librairie.
  • Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1950), "La Classe moyenne en Haïti", in Matériaux pour l’étude de la classe moyenne en Amérique Latine, Washington, Département des Sciences sociales de l’union panaméricaine.
  • Sylvain-Bouchereau, Madeleine (1957), Haïti et ses femmes. Une étude d’évolution culturelle, Port-au-Prince, Les Presses Libres.

References

  1. ^ a b c Dorce, Ricarson. "Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau, Haïti (1903-1970)" (in French). Citoyennes. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  2. ^ a b c d Claude-Narcisse, Jasmine (1997). "Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau" (in French). Haiticulture.ch. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  3. ^ "Madeleine Sylvain-Bouchereau" (in French). Haiti-Référence. Retrieved 14 February 2016.
  4. ^ "Guide to the Suzanne Comhaire-Sylvan Papers M1835". Online Archive of California. Retrieved 14 February 2016.


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