Marcellinus of Carthage
Marcellinus of Carthage | |
|---|---|
| Martyr | |
| Died | 413 Africa |
| Venerated in | Eastern Orthodox Church, Roman Catholic Church |
| Feast | September 13[1] |
Marcellinus of Carthage was a Christian martyr and saint who died in 413. He was secretary of state of the Western Roman Empire under Roman Emperor Honorius and a close friend of Augustine of Hippo, as well as a correspondent of Saint Jerome's. Saint Augustine dedicated the first books of his landmark The City of God to Marcellinus in 413.
Life
Flavius Marcellinus was born in Toledo in Spain, and came to hold the rank of tribunus et notarius under Emperor Honorius. He was described as "a cultured, generous aristocrat, interested in theology". His interest in religious questions, brought about close and friendly relations between him and St. Augustine, who wrote him several letters, and dedicated various books to him ("De peccatorum meritis et remissione", "De baptismo parvulorum", the first three books of "De Civitate Dei"). St. Jerome also wrote him.[2]
Donatist controversy
In Africa, the dispute between the Donatists and the Orthodox was not only doctrinal but also involved regional and social tensions: Numidia against proconsular Africa, and proletarians against Roman landowners.[3] In 405 an imperial decree declared the Donatists heretics and prescribed confiscation of their property. The fall of Stilicho in 408, led them to hope for a change in imperial policy; however, in 410 Marcellinus was given instructions to "abolish the new superstition".[4] The orthodox bishops hoped the Donatists would be more susceptible to reasoned debate and petitioned the emperor to call a conference.
Marcellinus was sent to Africa in 411 charged with presiding over the Conference of Carthage in early June of that year. In his summons to the parties, Marcellinus made no secret of the emperor's position. Bishops representing each side of the controversy debated the issue. Marcellinus, as the emperor's representative, ruled that the Donatists were heretics and that they had to give up their churches and return to churches under the control of orthodox bishops and priests. According to John T. Noonan, the Donatists alleged that Marcellinus had been bribed as that was a stronger argument than that he was merely enforcing imperial policy.[4]
The judgment was enforced by the Roman army with great severity.[5] So bloody was the persecution of the Donatists that Augustine, who had been one of the leaders in condemning Donatism as a heresy, protested at their treatment.
Subsequently, some of the Donatists engaged in sporadic violence against orthodox priests. Marcellinus presided at the trials of those arrested. Augustine appealed for clemency both to Marcellinus and Marcellinus's brother Apringius, who was proconsul for Africa. Noonan views the fact that Augustine and Marcellinus remained close friends as suggesting that the bishop's petition was granted.[4]
Death
In 413, the Donatists accused Marcellinus and his brother, Apringius, of being involved in the rebellion of Heraclianus. General Marinus, who had put down the rebellion and who had Donatist sympathies, arrested the brothers and put them in prison. Even with Bishop Augustine intervening on their behalf with Cecilian, the judge in the case, the two brothers were executed,[6] on September 13. The following year, Marcellinus was exonerated by Emperor Honorius.[3]
Veneration
Marcellinus was subsequently listed in the Roman Martyrology.[2]
A statue of St Marcellinus stands atop the south transept spire of the Duomo di Milano,[3] and also on the south colonnade in St. Peter's Square.[7]
References
- ^ Walsh, Michael J., "Marcellinus, Flavius", A New Dictionary of Saints, Liturgical Press, 2007 ISBN 9780814631867
- ^ a b Kirsch, Johann Peter. "Flavius Marcellinus." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 9. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1910. 28 Dec. 2015
- ^ a b c "St. Marcellino", Veneranda Fabbrica del Duomo di Milano
- ^ a b c Noonan, John Thomas. Bribes, University of California Press, 1987 ISBN 9780520061545
- ^ O'Donnell, James J., "Augustine's epistula 151", Georgetown University
- ^ O'Malley, Vincent J., "St. Marcellinus of Carthage", Saints of Africa, Our Sunday Visitor Publishing, 2001 ISBN 9780879733735
- ^ Colonnade Statue in St Peter's Square
Sources
- Brown, Peter. Augustine of Hippo: a Biography (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000). See particularly the chapters 25–28 for Marcellinus' role in the Donatist controversy and his juridical murder after Heraclion's attempted coup.