Margaret Murray Washington
Margaret Murray Washington | |
|---|---|
 Washington in 1915 | |
| Born | Margaret Murray March 9, 1865 |
| Died | June 26, 1925 (aged 60) |
| Spouse | Booker T. Washington |
Margaret Murray Washington (March 9, 1865 - June 26, 1925) was the principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, which later became Tuskegee University. She was the third wife of Booker T. Washington She was inducted into the Alabama Women's Hall of Fame in 1972.[1]
Biography
She was one of ten children born to sharecroppers. Her father was of Irish descent and her mother was African American. Her father died when she was seven, and eventually was led to be foster raised by Quakers.
As a child Murray spent much of her time reading and quickly excelled in school. By the age of fourteen, she was so advanced in her studies that the school offered her a teaching position. Determined to further her teaching career, at the age of nineteen, Murray enrolled in Fisk University, where she completed the college preparatory course in five years and college in four.
Marriage
It was at Fisk that Murray first met Booker T. Washington. Regarding her as a model student, Washington asked her to take over the position of Lady Principal, formerly held by his deceased second wife. By 1890, Murray was writing to Washington to express her deep feelings for him. He proposed the following year and, after some hesitation, Murray accepted Washington's proposal and they were married in 1893. Murray and Washington shared a home with Washington's relatives and his children from his previous marriage until "The Oaks", the homestead which was built for their family was constructed in 1901. Washington was reluctant to share his feelings with Murray, and often left her to tend his children while he was away on business. Though Washington never got over the loss of his first two wives, he believed that Margaret provided a well-ordered household, and the two were generally happy with their marriage.
Career
During her tenure as Lady Principal of Tuskegee, she also created the Tuskegee Woman's Club and merged local organizations with women clubs to help improve the values and liberation of womanhood in African American women of the Jim Crow south. In 1895 she gave an influential speech titled "Individual Work for Moral Elevation" at the First National Conference of the Colored Women of America.[2] She is credited with co-founding the National Association of Colored Women in 1896 [3] She founded country schools, taught women how to live and attend to their homes, worked for the improvement of prisons, started the Mt. Meigs school for boys and an industrial school for girls at Tuskegee, and constantly worked for the betterment of the poor and neglected. In 1912, she became the fifth president for the National Association of Colored Women.
After the death of her husband in 1915, Washington remained a powerful source in the women's liberation movement and in improving the educational system for African Americans. She became deeply involved in domestic education for mothers in Tuskegee and in supporting schools for children at surrounding plantations.
Like the programs advocated by her husband, Margaret Murray Washington focused on domestic and vocational education. She became involved in interracial cooperation and participated in the path breaking Memphis Women's Inter-Racial Conference in 1278.
Death
Margaret Murray Washington remained at the "The Oaks" until her death in 1925. She is buried at the university cemetery, adjacent to her husband's burial site.
Legacy
In 1972, Washington was inducted into Alabama's Women Hall of Fame for her compassion, intelligence and independence of judgement which led her to be among the greatest women and African American leaders of her century.
M.M. Washington Career High School in Washington, DC was named in her honor. The school closed in 2008.
Quotes
"If we wish to help each other let us not only praise ourselves, but also criticize. Plain talk will not hurt us."
"Praise a child always and he will soon get the point to where he thinks it is impossible for him to make mistakes."
"We cannot separate ourselves from our people, no matter how much we try; for one, I have no desire to do so."
Notes
- ^ "Inductees". Alabama Women's Hall of Fame. State of Alabama. Retrieved February 20, 2012.
- ^ Neal, Anthony W. (February 18, 2016). "Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin: A pioneer in the black women's club movement Part 2". The Bay State Banner.
- ^ http://english.illinoisstate.edu/kalmbach/351/hypertext98/hankins/african/Washington.html
External links
- M. M. Washington Career High School Website at www.k12.dc.us