Margaretha Kirch

Margaretha Kirch (b. ca. 1703, d. after 1744) was a German astronomer.

Early life

She was the daughter of the astronomers Gottfried Kirch and Maria Margarethe Kirch and the sister of Christfried Kirch. She and her sister Christine Kirch were educated in astronomy and worked as their parents' and, later, their brother's assistants.

Few details are known about her life.^[1] She was seven years old when her father died. She never married.^[1] Like her sister Christine, she was taught astronomy at the age of 10, and both initially assisted her brother Christfried with his observations. Margaretha later made observations of the weather and the starry sky, which she recorded in a weather observation diary.^{[citation needed]}

Work at the Berlin Observatory

In 1716, Kirch's brother accepted a permanent position in astronomy at the Academy of Sciences in Berlin and the Berlin Observatory.^[1] Kirch, her mother, and her sister worked with him at the Observatory of Berlin. Kirch and her sister Christine worked as assistants and made the astronomical observations and calculations for planetary ephemeris.^[1]

On 3 January 1744 she discovered the Great Comet C / 1743 X1 and, using a 2-foot and a 6-foot telescope, led daily observations and measurements of it in her watch book until 25 February 1744.^{[citation needed]}

After the comet had passed the sun, Margaretha observed and drew a streaky splitting of the comet's tail on March 5, which was only observed on the following four days by well-known astronomers such as Joseph-Nicolas Delisle and Gottfried Heinsius in Saint Petersburg, as well as Jean-Philippe de Chéseaux in Lausanne.^{[citation needed]} In particular, her observation of March 7th is also recorded in an engraving.^{[citation needed]}

Like her mother and her sister, Kirch never received official recognition of their professional work.^[1]

References

Sources

M. Ogilvie, J. Harvey, eds., The Biographical Dictionary of Women in Science – Pioneering Lives from Ancient Times to the Mid-20th Century: Volume 1 A-K. Routledge, New York and London 2000, ISBN 0-415-92039-6, pp. 1774–1775.
R. Wielen, Thomas Hockey (Ed.): Bibliographical Encyclopedia of Astronomers. Springer, New York, 2007, ISBN 978-0-387-31022-0, p. 638.
D. A. J. Seargent: The Greatest Comets in History: Broom Stars and Celestial Scimitars. Springer, New York, 2009, ISBN 978-0-387-09512-7, pp. 116–119.

Citations

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Bernardi, Gabriella (2016). "Christine (1696–1782) and Margaretha (1703–1744) Kirch". The Unforgotten Sisters: Female Astronomers and Scientists before Caroline Herschel. Springer Science+Business Media – via Credo Reference.

[:0-1] Bernardi, Gabriella (2016). "Christine (1696–1782) and Margaretha (1703–1744) Kirch". The Unforgotten Sisters: Female Astronomers and Scientists before Caroline Herschel. Springer Science+Business Media – via Credo Reference.

[1]