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{{Infobox Military Person |name=Markos Botsaris |
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|lived=1788–1823 |
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|placeofbirth=[[Souli]], [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], [[Ottoman Empire]] |
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|placeofdeath=[[Karpenisi]], [[Eurytania]], [[Ottoman Empire]] |
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|image= [[Image:MarkosBotsaris.jpg]] |
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|allegiance=[[Greece]] |
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|serviceyears=1821-1823 |
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|commands= |
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|battles=[[Greek War of Independence]] |
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|awards= |
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|portrayedby=[[Dionysios Tsokos]] |
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}} |
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'''Markos Botsaris''' ({{lang-el|Μάρκος Μπότσαρης}}, {{lang-sq|Marko Boçari}}) (c. 1788 – 21 August 1823) was a leader of the [[Souliotes]] and a hero of the [[Greek War of Independence|War of Greek Independence]]. |
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==Early life== |
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Botsaris was born into one of the leading clans of the [[Souliotes]], in [[Epirus (region)|Epirus]]<ref name=Fleming> Katherine Elizabeth Fleming. [http://books.google.com/books?id=zZqbA6Jk0uUC&dq ''The Muslim Bonaparte: diplomacy and orientalism in Ali Pasha's Greece'']. Princeton University Press, 1999. ISBN 9780691001944, p. 99"The Souliotes, a Greek-speaking tribe of Albanian origin... Ali had tried off and over..."</ref>. He was the second son of captain [[Kitsos Botsaris]], who was murdered in [[Arta, Greece|Arta]] in 1809 by order of [[Ali Pasha]]. The Botsaris clan came from the village of Dragani (today Ambelia), near [[Paramythia]]. |
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==Greek War of Independence== |
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In 1803, after the capture of Souli by Ali Pasha, Botsaris with the remnants of the [[Souliotes]], crossed over to the [[Ionian Islands]], where he ultimately took service in a [[France|French]] regiment. In 1814, he joined the Greek patriotic society known as the [[Filiki Eteria]], and in 1820, with other Souliots, made common cause with the Greeks against the [[Ottoman Empire]]. On the outbreak of the Greek revolt, he distinguished himself by his courage, tenacity and skill as a partisan leader in the fighting in western Greece, and was conspicuous in the defence of [[Missolonghi]] during the first siege (1822-1823). On the night of 21 August 1823 he led the celebrated attack at [[Karpenisi]] of 350 [[Souliots]] on around 1000 Ottomans who formed the vanguard of the army with which Mustai Pasha was advancing to reinforce the besiegers. Botsaris managed to take Mustai Pasha as a prisoner during the raid but he was shot in the head - most probably by [[Lleshi i Zi]], a Catholic Mirdite mercenary - while leaving the encampment. |
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Markos's brother Kostas (Constantine) Botsaris, who fought at Karpenisi and completed the victory, lived to become a respected Greek general and parliamentarian in the Greek kingdom. He died at [[Athens]] on the 13 November 1853. Markos's son, Dimitrios Botsaris, born in 1813, was three times minister of war during the reigns of [[Otto of Greece]] and [[George I of Greece]]. He died at Athens on 17 August 1870. His daughter, [[Katerina Botsaris|Katerina "Rosa" Botsaris]], was in the service of [[Amalia of Oldenburg|Queen Amalia of Greece]]. |
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==Legacy== |
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Many [[Philhellenes]] visiting Greece admired Botsaris' courage and numerous poets wrote poems about him. American poet [[Fitz-Greene Halleck]] wrote a poem entitled ''Marco Bozzaris'',<ref> [http://www.poetry-archive.com/h/marco_bozzaris.html Poetry Archive - Marco Bozzaris]</ref> [[Juste Olivier]] also wrote an award-winning poem for him, in 1825. His memory is still celebrated in popular ballads in Greece. |
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Botsaris is also the author of a Greek-Albanian lexikon written in Corfu in 1809, at the instance of François Pouqueville, the French consul in Ioannina. The dictionary is of importance for our knowledge of the Suliot dialect.<ref> JOCHALAS, Titos, ''To ellino-alvanikon lexikon tou Markou Botzari'', Athens 1980.</ref> |
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Botsaris was depicted on the [[Obverse and reverse|reverse]] of the Greek 50 [[Greek drachma|lepta]] coin of 1976-2001.<ref>[http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en Bank of Greece]. Drachma Banknotes & Coins: [http://www.bankofgreece.gr/en/Banknotes/coin_selection.asp?Value=001-020drs#0005drs 50 lepta]. – Retrieved on 27 March 2009.</ref> He often adorns posters in Greek classrooms as a member of the Greek pantheon of national heroes. His family became key figures of the Greek political establishment. |
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==Gallery== |
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<gallery> |
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Image:Markos Botsaris oil painting on canvas - (by Jean-Léon Gérôme - 1874).JPG|An oil painting on canvas of Markos Botsaris by [[Jean-Léon Gérôme]], 1874. |
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Image:Tomb Of Markos Botsaris.jpg|Tomb of Markos Botsaris, monument created by French sculptor [[David d'Angers]], [[Messolonghi]], Greece. |
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Image:Ludovico lipparini.jpg|''The death of Markos Botsaris''. Painting by [[Ludovico Lipparini]], Civico Museo Sartorio, [[Trieste]], Italy. |
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</gallery> |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Sources== |
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{{commons|Markos Botsaris}} |
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*{{1911}} |
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*[http://www.parliament.gr/1821/anafora/portreta_det.asp?agon=45 Botsaris, 180 Years from the Greek Revolution] |
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{{Greek War of Independence|state=collapsed}} |
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{{Persondata |
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|NAME=Botsaris, Markos |
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|SHORT DESCRIPTION= |
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|DATE OF BIRTH=1788 |
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|PLACE OF BIRTH=[[Souli]],[[Epirus (region)|Epirus]], Greece |
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|DATE OF DEATH=21 August 1823 |
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|PLACE OF DEATH=[[Karpenisi]], Greece |
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}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Botsaris, Markos}} |
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[[Category:1788 births]] |
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[[Category:1823 deaths]] |
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[[Category:People from Thesprotia]] |
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[[Category:Greek revolutionaries]] |
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[[Category:Souliotes]] |
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[[Category:People of the Greek War of Independence]] |
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[[bg:Марко Бочар]] |
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[[de:Markos Botsaris]] |
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[[el:Μάρκος Μπότσαρης]] |
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[[fr:Markos Botzaris]] |
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[[hu:Markosz Botszarisz]] |
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[[sq:Marko Boçari]] |
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[[sv:Markos Botzaris]] |
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[[uk:Маркос Боцаріс]] |
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