Mihaloğlu
The Mihaloğlu or Mihalzade ("son of Michael"), in the collective plural Mihaloğulları ("Sons/descendants of Michael"), were a distinguished family of akinji leaders and frontier lords (uc beğleri) of the early Ottoman Empire.
The family descended from Köse Mihal, the Greek lord of Chirmenkia (modern Harmanköy), who may have been a relative of the Byzantine imperial dynasty of the Palaiologoi. After converting to Islam, he became a companion of the founder of the Ottoman emirate, Osman I, and played a considerable part in the early expansion of the Ottoman state.[1] He and his descendants bore, until the 16th century, the hereditary title of "commander of the akinjis". According to the great Ottomanist Franz Babinger, along with the Evrenosoğulları, the Malkoçoğulları, the Timurtaşoğulları, and the Turahanoğulları, the Mihaloğulları were "among the most celebrated of the noble families of the early Ottoman empire".[1]
Köse Mihal had two sons, Mehmed, who played an important role in the Ottoman Interregnum and the early years of Murad II's reign, and Yakhshi or Bakhshi, who is relatively unknown.[1] Mehmed's son Hızır Bey was a distinguished military commander under Mehmed II, as were two of his grandsons, Ali Bey and Iskender Bey; a third brother, Bali Bey, is less known, although he too earned the honorific ghazi.[1] Another Mehmed, who was active in the early 16th century and died in 1543, is variously given as either a fourth son of Hızır, or the son of Ali.[1] A Mihaloğlu Ahmed who lived at about the middle of the 16th century is possibly the last to have held and exercised the hereditary title of leader of akinjis, and the family begins to decline thereafter. They survived till modern times, however, and retained extensive estates in much of Bulgaria, around Edirne, and, according to the 17th-century traveller Evliya, estates at Amasya and Bursa.[1]
References
Sources
- Başar, Fahamettin (2005). "Mihaloğulları" (PDF). İslâm Ansiklopedisi, Vol. 30 (Misra - Muhammediye) (in Turkish). Istanbul: Turkiye Diyanet Vakfi. pp. 24–25. ISBN 9789753894258.
{{cite encyclopedia}}: Invalid|ref=harv(help) - Babinger, Franz (1993). "Mīk̲h̲āl-Og̲h̲lu". In Bosworth, C. E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W. P. & Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition. Volume VII: Mif–Naz. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 34–35. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.