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Monostich

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A monostich is a poem which consists of a single line.[1]

Form

A monostich has been described as 'a startling fragment that has its own integrity'[2] and 'if a monostich has an argument, it is necessarily more subtle.'[3]

A monostich could be also titled; due to the brevity of the form, the title is invariably as important a part of the poem as the verse itself:[4]

Some one line poems have 'the characteristics of not exceeding one line of a normal page, to be read as one unbroken line without forced pauses or the poetics of caesura', and others having ' a rhythm, (as with one-line haiku), dividing easily into three phrases'.[5]

History

Almost all examples of monostich in English are imported from other languages: the Russian and the French.[6] Modern monostich was started in Russia in 1894[7] when Valery Bryusov published the single line of pretty absurdic essence:

О закрой свои бледные ноги.
(Oh, cover thy pale feet!, as translated by Babette Deutsch and Avrahm Yarmolinsky)

Perhaps the first to re-introduce one line poems was Guillaume Apollinaire with his "Chantre" (1914)[8] in his collection 'Alcools' (1913), mentioned by Leroy Breunig in 'Apollinaire and the monostich' followed by Bill Zavatsky with his 'Roy Rogers' article (1974)[9] in which he made clear that one line poems are not at all foreign to Western poetic tradition, also including therein some from Jerome Rothenberg's 'Technicians of the Sacred' (1969),[10] all of which are referenced in William Higginson's 'Characteristics of monostichs'.[11] Another, one Emmanuel Lochac published in 1920 'one-liners' under the title 'Monostiches'.[12]

However, as Dmitry Kuzmin has pointed out in the first book-length study of one-line poetry (2016), Walt Whitman included one monostich (with the very long line though) in 1860 edition of his Leaves of Grass, and then in 1893 and 1894 Edith Thomas, possibly in collaboration with an amateur author Samuel R. Elliott (1836—1909), anonymously published in The Atlantic Monthly several one-line poems intended as a joke.[13] In the 1920s one-line poetry was rediscovered in the US by Yvor Winters, Edwin Ford Piper, Charles Reznikoff and others. Later, John Ashbery in '37 Haiku' demonstrated the Haiku in the monostich form.[14] Ian McBryde's 2005 book Slivers consists entirely of one line poems.[15]

See also

References

  1. ^ "monostich" – via The Free Dictionary.
  2. ^ Hahn, Kimiko, 'A Broken Thing: Poets on the Line'
  3. ^ Martin, Camille, 'The Humble Monostich' , Rogue Embryo, 2011 .
  4. ^ "Poetry Dances - Monostich Poem - Instructions and Example". www.poetrydances.com.
  5. ^ Higgison , William 'Characteristics of One line poems and Monostichs' Haiku Clinic, Simply Haiku.com
  6. ^ Kacian, Jim 'The Shape of Things to come: From Past and Future' Juxtapositions, 'The Journal of Haiku Research and Scholarship'
  7. ^ Kaun, Alexander 'Futurism and Pseudo-Futurism.' The Little Review, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1914, P. 15.
  8. ^ [1]
  9. ^ Roy Rogers ,article , Winter issue, New York Hospitality House 1974
  10. ^ Higginson, William 'One line poems to one line Haiku' Haiku Clinic
  11. ^ "Haiku Clinic #3: From One-line Poems to One-line Haiku". www.simplyhaiku.com.
  12. ^ Breunig Leroy, 'Apollinaure and the Monostich', 'Roy Rogers' , New York House, 1974
  13. ^ Кузьмин Д. В. Русский моностих: Очерк истории и теории. — М.: Новое литературное обозрение, 2016. — С. 192-200. (In Russian)
  14. ^ Ashbery, John '37 Haiku':A Wave: New York:Viking 1984
  15. ^ Hirsch, Edward 'A Poets Glossary' Houghton Mifflin Harcourt , Boston 2014ISBN 9780151011957
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