Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty

Classical Gardens of Suzhou

UNESCO World Heritage Site
Criteria	Cultural: i, ii, iii, iv, v
Reference	813
Inscription	1997 (21st Session)
Extensions	2000

The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty (Chinese: 环秀山庄; pinyin: Huánxiù Shānzhuāng; Suzhou Wu: Gue seu se tsaon, Wu Chinese pronunciation: [ɡue̞ søʏ se̞ tsɑ̃]) is a Chinese garden located on 272 Jingde Rd., inside the Embroidery Museum in Suzhou, Jiangsu, China. In 1997, it was recognized with other classical Suzhou gardens as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

History

The history of the Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty may date back to the Jin dynasty (265–420), when Education Minister Wang Xun (王旬) and his brother Wang Min (王珉) donated their residential house to build Jingde Temple (景德寺). Later during Five Dynasties era, it became Jingu Garden (金谷园), owned by Qian Yuanliao (钱元璙), son of the emperor of Wuyue Kingdom, Qian Liu. In the Song dynasty, it was the pharmaceutical garden of Zhu Changwen (朱长文), a scholar. In following centuries, it was rebuilt several times. In the Jiajing era of the Ming dynasty, it became the Xuedao Academy of Classical Literature (学道书院), and later, the office of provisions supervisor. In 1573, it was the residence of Grand Councilor, Sheng Shixing (申时行). In the late Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty, his descendant, Sheng Jikui (申继揆), built Qu Garden (蘧园) here.

During the Qianlong era of the Qing dynasty, it was the residence of Jiang Ji (蒋楫), director of Jurisdiction Department. Jiang built Qiuzi Tower (求自楼), and piled stones to form a rockery behind it. He dug the ground to three feet, and a spring emerged and created a pond, called Flying Snow (飞雪). Other houses and pavilions were also erected. The garden subsequently was owned by Bi Yuan (毕沅), the Imperial Secretary of State, and Sun Shiyi, the Chief Counselor. Sun's grandson Sun Jun, in 1807, asked rockery master Ge Yuliang (戈裕良) to rebuild this garden. Ge built the rockery within a field of half mu (0.08 acre) while the effect was overwhelming as if it spread for many li. The garden gained its reputation for its rockery ever since. Wang Zhou, Director of Works, bought the garden and renamed it Mountain Villa of Embraced Beauty. In 1949 the garden became property of the government and in 1988 was declared a major historic site.

Design

The 2,180 m² garden is composed along a linear axis with three main elements: a grotto called Autumn Hill, and Flying Snow Pool, fed by a waterfall called Flying Snow Spring, and a main hall. The rock work in this garden displays every technique and effect used in Chinese gardens. In addition, it is a recreation of the five important mountains of China, and shows a mastery of creating a sense of vast space in a small area.

Garden Design Elements with Description
	Autumn Peak
	Autumn Peak Cave
	Gatehouse
	In Company with a Ravine Hall A three bay hall with front portico and an attached courtyard with covered corridor on three sides.
	Housing the Mountain with a Half-Filled Pool A square pavilion on top of the grotto
	Make-Up Autumn Gallery A three bay hall on top of the grotto with full gables and a rustic design.
	Mountain Villa The main structure, named after the garden. It is a three bay hall with a portico on all four sides.
	Putting a Question to Spring Pavilion A square pavilion on piers over Flying Snow Pool.
	Side Building An enclosed multilevel gallery built along the west wall of the garden.
	Flying Snow Spring

• 
  Moongate Entry
• 
  A tower

See also

• Chinese garden
• Suzhou

References

• Suzhou Mingcheng Information Port Co., LTD, Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, retrieved 2009-02-30 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)

• Yuan (袁), Xuehan (学汉) (2004), The Classical Gardens of Suzhou (苏州古典园林), CIP, p. 217, ISBN 7-214-03763-7 {{citation}}: Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (help)

External links

• Classical Gardens of Suzhou, UNESCO's official website on World Heritage site.

• Terebess Hungary LLC. (2009), The Mountain Villa with Embracing Beauty, retrieved 2009 {{citation}}: Check date values in: |accessdate= (help)