Nëna e Diellit
Nëna e Diellit ("the Mother of the Sun" or "the Sun's Mother") is a mother goddess in Albanian folk beliefs, the mother of Dielli ("the Sun"). A sacred ritual called "the funeral of the Sun's Mother" was very widespread in southeastern Albania until the 20th century.[1] She has been described by scholars as a heaven goddess[2] and a goddess of agriculture, livestock, and earth fertility, as suggested by the sacred ritual dedicated to her.[3] Nëna e Diellit also features as a deity in Albanian folk tales.[4][5] Nëna e Diellit represents a manifestation of the personification of the Sun in Albanian mythology.[6]
Ritual
[edit]A sacred ritual called "funeral of the Sun's Mother" consisted in burying a female figure that probably personified a seasonal phase of the mother goddess. Occurring at the end of May, it was the last festival of the spring cycle, coinciding with the feast of Pentecost (Rusica).[7] It was very widespread in southeastern Albania until the 20th century.[8] During the custom the girls and young women gathered flowers, danced and sang, celebrating together with meals. After lunch or at the end of the day, they made a clay doll that they called Sun's Mother (Nëna e Diellit), put it on a tile and went outside the village to bury the female figure.[9] It was performed in silence and with all the appropriate seriousness of the death ceremony.[10] The girls and young women mourned the mother goddess, pronouncing the typical verses Nënë moj nënë, kuku / erdhi dielli e s'të gjeti "Mother oh Mother, Alas, / the Sun came and didn't find you".[11]
Folk tales
[edit]Nëna e Diellit features as a deity in several Albanian folk tales. One of them has been collected by Albanologist Maximilian Lambertz and published under the title "Bei der Sonnenmutter" ["At the Sun's Mother"] in the collection Die geflügelte Schwester und die Dunklen der Erde: Albanische Volksmärchen [The Winged Sister and the Dark Ones of the Earth: Albanian Folk Tales].[12] Another has been collected by Albanologist Robert Elsie and published under the title "The Snake and the King's Daughter" in the collection Albanian Folktales and Legends.[13]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Citations
[edit]- ^ Golan 1991, p. 55; Daum 1998, p. 236; Golan 2003, pp. 93–94; Tirta 2004, pp. 259–260; Neziri 2015, p. 124.
- ^ Golan 1991, p. 55; Golan 2003, pp. 93–94
- ^ Tirta 2004, pp. 259–260
- ^ Lambertz 1952, p. 138
- ^ Elsie 2001, p. 98
- ^ Bovan 1985, p. 241.
- ^ Golan 1991, p. 55; Daum 1998, p. 236; Golan 2003, pp. 93–94; Tirta 2004, pp. 259–260; Neziri 2015, p. 124.
- ^ Daum 1998, p. 236; Tirta 2004, pp. 259–260; Neziri 2015, p. 124.
- ^ Daum 1998, p. 236; Tirta 2004, pp. 259–260; Neziri 2015, p. 124.
- ^ Tirta 2004, pp. 259–260
- ^ Neziri 2015, p. 124
- ^ Lambertz 1952, p. 138
- ^ Elsie 2001, p. 98
Bibliography
[edit]- Bovan, Vlladimir (1985). "Branisllav Kërstiq, Indeks motiva narodnih pesama balkanskih Slovena SANU, Beograd 1984". Gjurmime Albanologjike: Folklor Dhe Etnologji (in Albanian). 15. Albanological Institute of Prishtina.
- Daum, Werner (1998). Albanien zwischen Kreuz und Halbmond. Staatliches Museum für Völkerkunde. ISBN 9783701624614.
- Elsie, Robert (2001). Albanian Folktales and Legends. Dukagjini Publishing House.
- Golan, Ariel (1991). Myth and Symbol: Symbolism in Prehistoric Religions. A. Golan. ISBN 9789652222459.
- Golan, Ariel (2003). Prehistoric Religion: Mythology, Symbolism. A. Golan. ISBN 9789659055500.
- Lambertz, Maximilian (1952). Die geflügelte Schwester und die Dunklen der Erde: Albanische Volksmärchen. Das Gesicht der Völker (in German). Vol. 9. Im Erich.
- Neziri, Zeqirja (2015). Lirika gojore shqiptare (in Albanian). Skopje: Interlingua. ISBN 978-9989-173-52-3.
- Tirta, Mark (2004). Petrit Bezhani (ed.). Mitologjia ndër shqiptarë (in Albanian). Tirana: Mësonjëtorja. ISBN 99927-938-9-9.