View source for Nepenthes smilesii

{{short description|Species of pitcher plant from Indochina}}
{{Speciesbox
|image = N. smilesii pitchers.jpg
|image_caption = In [[Kampot Province]], Cambodia
|status = LC
|status_system = IUCN3.1
|status_ref = <ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021">{{cite iucn |author=Clarke, C.M. |date=2018 |title=''Nepenthes smilesii'' |volume=2018 |page=e.T49004395A143971709 |doi=10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T49004395A143971709.en |access-date=19 November 2021}}</ref>
|genus = Nepenthes
|species = smilesii
|authority = [[William Hemsley (botanist)|Hemsl.]] (1895)
|synonyms =
{{collapsible list|bullets = true
 |title=<small>[[Synonym (taxonomy)|Synonyms]]</small>
 |''Nepenthes anamensis''<br><small>[[John Muirhead Macfarlane|Macfarl.]] (1908)<ref name=Macfarlane>Macfarlane, J.M. 1908. [[Nepenthaceae (1908 monograph)|Nepenthaceae]]. In: A. Engler. ''Das Pflanzenreich IV'', III, Heft 36: 1–91.</ref></small>
 |''Nepenthes micholitzii''<br><small>Hort. ''ex'' Bonst. (1931) ''[[Nomen illegitimum|nom.illeg.]]''</small>
 }}
|}}

'''''Nepenthes smilesii''''' ({{IPAc-en|n|ᵻ|ˈ|p|ɛ|n|θ|iː|z|_|ˈ|s|m|aɪ|l|z|i|aɪ|,_|-|_|s|m|aɪ|ˈ|l|iː|z|i|aɪ}}) is a tropical [[pitcher plant]] native to northeastern [[Thailand]], southern [[Laos]], [[Cambodia]],<ref>Mey, F.S. 2010. {{cite web|url= http://www.marcellocatalano.com/mey2010.pdf |title=Introduction to the pitcher plants (''Nepenthes'') of Cambodia. }} ''Cambodian Journal of Natural History'' '''2010'''(2): 106–117.</ref><ref name=Cambodia>Mey, F.S. 2009. [http://pitcherplants.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=nepwild&action=display&thread=7895&page=1 ''N. smilesii'' in Kampot, Cambodia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111008141953/http://pitcherplants.proboards.com/index.cgi?board=nepwild&action=display&thread=7895&page=1 |date=2011-10-08 }}. Carnivorous Plants in the tropics.</ref> and [[Vietnam]].<ref name=McPherson>McPherson, S.R. 2009. ''[[Pitcher Plants of the Old World]]''. 2 volumes. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.</ref><ref name=Catalano>{{in lang|it}} Catalano, M. 2010. ''[[Nepenthes della Thailandia: Diario di viaggio]]''. Prague.</ref><ref name=N&V2016>Nunn, R. & C.N.A. Vu 2016. An account of the ''Nepenthes'' species of Vietnam. ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''45'''(3): 93–101.</ref> ''Nepenthes smilesii'' can tolerate an extended [[dry season]] and is most common in open, sandy [[savannah]] and [[grassland]].<ref name=Catalano />

The [[specific name (botany)|specific epithet]] ''smilesii'' refers to plant collector [[Frederick Henry Smiles]], who made the first known collection of this species.<ref name=McPherson />

==Botanical history==
<!--[[File:Nepenthes smilesii herbarium specimen.jpg|thumb|left|A herbarium specimen of ''N.&nbsp;smilesii'' deposited at the [[Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle]] in [[Paris]]]]-->
''Nepenthes anamensis''{{Ref_label|A|note a|none}} is a [[heterotypic synonym]] of ''N. smilesii''.<ref name=McPherson /><ref name=Catalano /> Its [[conservation status]] appears as [[Data Deficient]] on the [[IUCN Red List]].<ref name="iucn status 19 November 2021" />

''Nepenthes smilesii'' was referred to as ''N.&nbsp;anamensis'' throughout most of the 20th century.<ref name=McPherson /> Further confusion resulted from the erroneous labelling of ''N.&nbsp;smilesii'' plants as ''[[Nepenthes thorelii|N.&nbsp;thorelii]]'' in the horticultural trade.<ref name=McPherson /> In ''[[Pitcher Plants of the Old World]]'', [[Stewart McPherson (geographer)|Stewart McPherson]] lists ''N.&nbsp;mirabilis'' f. ''smilesii'' and ''N.&nbsp;mirabilis'' var. ''smilesii'' as synonyms of ''N.&nbsp;smilesii'',<ref name=McPherson /> but Marcello Catalano considers these to represent normal forms of ''[[Nepenthes mirabilis|N.&nbsp;mirabilis]]''.<ref name=Catalano />

==Description==
''Nepenthes smilesii'' is a climbing plant growing to a height of 5&nbsp;m.<ref name=McPherson />

Its leaves are [[wikt:sessile|sessile]] and [[wikt:coriaceous|coriaceous]] (leathery) in texture. They are very narrowly linear, reaching 40&nbsp;cm in length while only up to 4&nbsp;cm wide.<ref name=McPherson />
<!--[[File:N. smilesii4.jpg|thumb|left|A rosette plant with lower pitchers]]-->
<!--[[File:N. smilesii25.jpg|thumb|An upper pitcher]]-->

==Ecology==
[[File:N. smilesii17.jpg|thumb|270px|In [[Kirirom National Park]], Cambodia (~700 m asl)]]
''Nepenthes smilesii'' has a widespread distribution throughout [[Indochina]]. It has been recorded from [[Cambodia]],<ref name=Cambodia /> northeastern [[Thailand]], southern [[Laos]], and western [[Vietnam]].<ref name=McPherson /><ref name=Catalano /> The species occurs across a wide range of altitudes, being recorded from elevations of 16<ref name=Cambodia />–1500&nbsp;m [[above sea level]], although it is more typically found at around 800&nbsp;m.<ref name=McPherson />

''Nepenthes smilesii'' is notable among the Indochinese ''Nepenthes'' for experiencing extreme lows of temperature.<ref name=McPherson />

Individual specimens of a [[natural hybrid]] between ''N.&nbsp;smilesii'' and ''[[Nepenthes mirabilis|N.&nbsp;mirabilis]]'' have been recorded from [[Cambodia]].<ref name=thorelii>Mey, F.S., L.H. Truong, D.V. Dai & A.S. Robinson 2011. ''Nepenthes thorelii'', an emended description and novel ecological data resulting from its rediscovery in Tay Ninh, Vietnam. In: McPherson, S.R. ''[[New Nepenthes: Volume One]]''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole. pp. 104–131.</ref>

==Related species==
<!--[[File:N. smilesii12.jpg|thumb|]]-->
''Nepenthes smilesii'' appears most closely allied to ''[[Nepenthes kongkandana|N.&nbsp;kongkandana]]'' and may be difficult to distinguish from that species. It differs primarily in the shape of its laminae, which are linear to [[wikt:lanceolate|lanceolate]] with an acute apex, as opposed to [[wikt:obovate|obovate]] with an [[wikt:acuminate|acuminate]] apex in the latter.<ref name=Catalano /> ''Nepenthes smilesii'' also differs in having shorter tendrils and a narrower peristome.<ref name=McPherson />
<!--==Natural hybrids==
''Nepenthes smilesii'' is only known to form [[natural hybrid]]s with ''[[Nepenthes mirabilis|N.&nbsp;mirabilis]]''.<ref name=McPherson /> These plants are often intermediate in appearance between their parent species and may be difficult to distinguish from them.<ref name=McPherson /> [[Mount Kradung]] in northern [[Thailand]] is one of the few known sites where ''N.&nbsp;smilesii'' is not sympatric with any other ''Nepenthes'' species and may be observed with certainty in the absence of significant [[introgression]].<ref name=McPherson />-->

==Notes==
{{refbegin}}
:a.{{Note_label|A|a|none}}''Nepenthes anamensis'' is pronounced {{IPAc-en|n|ᵻ|ˈ|p|ɛ|n|θ|iː|z|_|ˌ|æ|n|ə|ˈ|m|ɛ|n|s|ɪ|s}}. The [[specific name (botany)|specific epithet]] is derived from [[Annam (French protectorate)|Annam]], a former territory in central [[Vietnam]].
{{refend}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{refbegin}}
* Beveridge, N.G.P., C. Rauch, P.J.A. Keßler, R.R. van Vugt & P.C. van Welzen 2013. A new way to identify living species of ''Nepenthes'' (Nepenthaceae): more data needed! ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''42'''(4): 122–128.
* Kahl, T. 2003. {{cite web |url= http://www.carnivorousplants.org/cpn/articles/CPNv32n1p8_9.pdf |title= Amazing Thailand. }} ''[[Carnivorous Plant Newsletter]]'' '''32'''(1): 8–9.
* Kosterin, O.E. 2011. {{cite web |url= http://dragonflyfund.org/mediapool/88/888478/data/IDF_Report_40_Kosterin_2011_small.pdf |title= Odonata of the Cambodian coastal regions revisited: beginning of dry season in 2010. |access-date= 2012-01-15 |archive-date= 2014-02-22 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140222151411/http://dragonflyfund.org/mediapool/88/888478/data/IDF_Report_40_Kosterin_2011_small.pdf |url-status= dead }} ''International Dragonfly Fund - Report 40'': 1–108.
* McPherson, S.R. & A. Robinson 2012. ''[[Field Guide to the Pitcher Plants of Peninsular Malaysia and Indochina]]''. Redfern Natural History Productions, Poole.
* {{in lang|de}} Meimberg, H. 2002. {{cite web |url= http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/1078/1/Meimberg_Harald.pdf |title= Molekular-systematische Untersuchungen an den Familien Nepenthaceae und Ancistrocladaceae sowie verwandter Taxa aus der Unterklasse Caryophyllidae s. l.. }} Ph.D. thesis, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich.<!--anamensis-->
* Meimberg, H. & G. Heubl 2006. Introduction of a nuclear marker for phylogenetic analysis of Nepenthaceae. ''Plant Biology'' '''8'''(6): 831–840. {{doi|10.1055/s-2006-924676}}<!--anamensis-->
* Meimberg, H., S. Thalhammer, A. Brachmann & G. Heubl 2006. Comparative analysis of a translocated copy of the ''trnK'' intron in carnivorous family Nepenthaceae. ''Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution'' '''39'''(2): 478–490. {{doi|10.1016/j.ympev.2005.11.023}}<!--anamensis-->
* Mey, F.S. 2009. {{cite web |url= http://dionee.nuxit.net/files/revue/carniflora_australis_vol_7_no_1_nepenthes_bokorensis.pdf |title= ''Nepenthes bokorensis'', a new species of Nepenthaceae from Cambodia. |url-status= dead |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110723230832/http://dionee.nuxit.net/files/revue/carniflora_australis_vol_7_no_1_nepenthes_bokorensis.pdf |archive-date= 2011-07-23 }} ''[[Carniflora Australis]]'' '''7'''(1): 6–15.
* Mey, F.S. 2011. [http://carnivorousockhom.blogspot.com/2011/12/nepenthes-smilesii-in-tay-ninh-province.html ''Nepenthes smilesii'' in Tay Ninh Province, southern Vietnam]. ''Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle'', December 11, 2011.
* Mey, F.S. 2014. [http://carnivorousockhom.blogspot.fr/2014/02/nepenthes-of-indochina-my-2010-icps.html 'Nepenthes of Indochina', my 2010 ICPS lecture now on Youtube.] ''Strange Fruits: A Garden's Chronicle'', February 3, 2014.
{{refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons|Nepenthes smilesii}}
*[http://www.marcellocatalano.com/indochina.html ''Nepenthes'' of Indochina]

{{Nepenthes}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q4912563}}

[[Category:Carnivorous plants of Asia]]
[[Category:Nepenthes|smilesii]]
[[Category:Flora of Indo-China]]
[[Category:Plants described in 1895]]
[[Category:Taxa named by William Hemsley (botanist)]]