Newlay

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Coordinates: 53°49′48″N 1°38′13″W / 53.830°N 1.637°W / 53.830; -1.637
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Newlay
A weir on a wide river, with an arched bridge in the background
The weir on the River Aire at Newlay, with Newlay Bridge in the background
Newlay is located in West Yorkshire
Newlay
Newlay
Location within West Yorkshire
OS grid referenceSE239367
Civil parish
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townLEEDS
Postcode districtLS13
PoliceWest Yorkshire
FireWest Yorkshire
AmbulanceYorkshire
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°49′48″N 1°38′13″W / 53.830°N 1.637°W / 53.830; -1.637

Newlay is a suburb of Horsforth, in West Yorkshire, England. Originally a hamlet, it is now part of Horsforth parish in the City of Leeds District, and has its own conservation area. Newlay is situated on the Leeds and Liverpool Canal and the River Aire, some 5 miles (8 km) north west of Leeds city centre.

History[edit]

Newlay (or sometimes Newlay Bridge) was a hamlet historically in the wapentake of Skyrack,[1] and was listed as Newlath, New Laith, or New Laithes, which was the name of the grange in the area.[2][3][4] The site is possibly the location of the original Horse Ford across the River Aire, which gave the town of Horsforth its name.[5][6] The site has also been recorded as Newlaithbrigge in 1587, indicating the existence of a bridge in the 16th century.[7]

The modern suburb of Newlay is considered part of Horsforth, (adjacent to Newlay to the north), and is 5 miles (8 km) north west of the city centre in Leeds.[8][9][10] Newlay is part of the parish and ward of Horsforth,[11] although anything on the south side of the River Aire is in the Bramley and Stanningley Ward.[12][13][14] Mapping shows Newlay as straddling the river, which forms a natural boundary between wards and parishes.[15][16][17][18] In 1981, most of the suburb north of the river was designated as a conservation area.[19]

The Leeds Liverpool Canal is routed through the south end of Newlay. The canal opened in 1777 and the locks on the canal at Newlay are grade II listed.[20] The Leeds and Liverpool Canal SSSI is part of the southern area of Newlay.[21][22]

The River Aire flows through the southern part of the suburb, alongside the Leeds Liverpool Canal, and the railway lines between Leeds, Ilkley, Bradford and Skipton. In February 2021, Storm Christoph severely damaged the 17th century grade II listed weir on the River Aire.[23] The failure of the weir was attributed to the construction of a fish pass at the Western end of the weir. Vibrations caused by the excavating equipment are thought to have weakened the weir structure.[24] The weir was constructed in 1690 to channel water into a goit for the Kirkstall Forge works.[25] It is thought that an original goit at this location was built by monks at nearby Kirkstall Abbey to funnel water needed for their corn mill.[26] A large factory was built between the river, railway and canal, which suffered from accidents and fires.[27] A fire in 1885, when the plant was operating as a dye works and tar distillery, required the Leeds Fire Brigade to attend and extinguish it.[28] Although it was grade II listed, a fire in 2003 ruined the building, and it was demolished soon afterwards, with a housing estate being built on the site.[29]

The railway through Newlay was opened to traffic on 30 June 1846, however, the station at Newlay, did not open until 7 September 1847.[30][31] The initial push of the railway was for connectivity between Leeds and Bradford, with intermediate stations being built after opening of the line.[32] The railway provided access for those who wanted to work in Leeds but live in a more rural location close to the city. This accelerated house building near to the station, but this lessened somewhat in the 1890s when trams were available on the main road into Leeds, which attracted some of the customers away from the railway.[31]

A church (st Margaret's) was built in 1891 on the south side of Pollard Bridge. It burnt down in 1908, and a replacement was built soon afterwards, but this was closed in 1956, and services were moved to another church in Bramley.[33] In 1916, a munitions factory was opened in Newlay, and like the others opened in and around Leeds at that time, it was staffed by female workers.[34][35]

Pollard Bridge[edit]

Crossings were known at Newlay since at least Anglo-Saxon times, but the first recorded instance of a bridge was in the late 12th century.[6] In 1615, Sir John Howley appealed to the residents of Leathley to contribute to the "..building of a bridge over the water of Aire at Newlath.."[2]

Pollard Bridge (Newlay Bridge)

Pollard Bridge (also known as Newlay Bridge), spans the River Aire at Newlay and was built at the behest of John Pollard. The bridge has four 75 feet (23 m) cast iron arch ribs aligned together in a row.[36] Cast and erected in 1819, the bridge was made by Aydon & Ewell in Bradford, a firm which later became part of the Low Moor Ironworks.[37] The bridge replaced an earlier structure dating from 1783,[6] (and a previous one was said to have been built in 1616) which connected Pollard's factories on the south of the river with the Leeds to Horsforth turnpike.[38] The bridge cost £1,500 (equivalent to £121,069 in 2021), and a toll was charged at a rate of half-a-penny, which recouped £600 (equivalent to £48,427 in 2021) per year (1890).[39] The bridge was still open to vehicular traffic in the early 1980s, but was pedestrianised in 1984.[40] Pollard Bridge is grade II* listed.[41]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Names of all the towns and villages in the county of York, and county of the city of York. York. 1768. p. 60. OCLC 518502462.
  2. ^ a b Harrison, David (2007). The bridges of medieval England : transport and society, 400-1800. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0191556791.
  3. ^ "New Laithes :: Survey of English Place-Names". epns.nottingham.ac.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  4. ^ "Genuki: In 1822, the following places were in the Parish of Guiseley:, Yorkshire (West Riding)". www.genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  5. ^ Ekwall, Eilert (1960). The concise Oxford dictionary of English place-names (4 ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 252. ISBN 0-19-869103-3.
  6. ^ a b c NCA 2008, p. 5.
  7. ^ Smith, A. H. (1961). The place-names of the West Riding of Yorkshire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 214. OCLC 3812789.
  8. ^ "Conservation proposal for Leeds suburb". BBC News. 26 June 2010. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  9. ^ "Newlay West Riding". visionofbritain.org.uk. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  10. ^ McIntyre, Anne (9 September 2020). "Horsforth films on YouTube". Ilkley Gazette. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  11. ^ "Rivers 'still rising' as misery goes on". infoweb.newsbank.com. 7 November 2000. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  12. ^ NCA 2008, p. 4.
  13. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Bramley and Stanningley Ward (as of 2011) (E05001416)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  14. ^ UK Census (2011). "Local Area Report – Horsforth Parish (E04000217)". Nomis. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  15. ^ "Horsforth, Newlay, Newlaithes". maps.nls.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  16. ^ "Newlay, Leeds". OS GetOutside. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  17. ^ "NAWRA | Newlay and Whitecote Residents Association". nawra.co.uk. Retrieved 8 March 2022.
  18. ^ A to Z Leeds & Bradford : including Halifax, Denholme, Bingley, Shipley, Baildon, Guiseley, Horsforth, Pudsey, Rothwell, Morley and Cleckheaton (5 ed.). Sevenoaks: Geographers' Map Co. 1993. p. 41. ISBN 0-85039-125-3.
  19. ^ NCA 2008, p. 3.
  20. ^ Historic England. "Newlay Locks (Grade II) (1375088)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  21. ^ "Leeds Liverpool Canal SSSI". magic.defra.gov.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  22. ^ "Leeds-Liverpool Canal" (PDF). designatedsites.naturalengland.org.uk. Retrieved 24 February 2022.
  23. ^ Jagger, David (18 February 2021). "Work starts after 17th Century Newlay weir on River Aire destroyed". Telegraph and Argus. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  24. ^ Kennedy, Catherine (30 July 2021). "Question marks over cause of 300-year-old dam collapse". New Civil Engineer. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  25. ^ Historic England. "Weir and retaining walls on the River Aire (Grade II) (1375482)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  26. ^ Parson, Edward (1834). The civil, ecclesiastical, literary, commercial, and miscellaneous history of Leeds. Leeds: F.  Hobson. p. 408. OCLC 21833179.
  27. ^ Dietz, Sarah (2016). British entrepreneurship in Poland : a case study of Bradford Mills at Marki near Warsaw, 1883-1939. London: Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-1317172031.
  28. ^ McIntyre, Anne (18 February 2010). "Horsforth greengrocer fined for doctored sweets". infoweb.newsbank.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  29. ^ Harting, Robert (2 March 2014). "Industry". newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com. Retrieved 7 March 2022.
  30. ^ Bairstow, Martin (2004). Railways through Airedale & Wharfedale. Farsley: Martin Bairstow. p. 33. ISBN 1-871944-28-7.
  31. ^ a b NCA 2008, p. 6.
  32. ^ Young, Alan (2015). Lost stations of Yorkshire. Kettering: Silver Link. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-85794-438-9.
  33. ^ "St Margaret's Church". newlayconservationsociety.wordpress.com. 2 March 2014. Retrieved 10 March 2022.
  34. ^ Hey, David (2005). A history of Yorkshire : "county of the broad acres". Lancaster: Carnegie Pub. p. 431. ISBN 1859361226.
  35. ^ Hartley, Owen A. (1980). "XVI: The years of political transition". In Fraser, Derek (ed.). A History of modern Leeds. Manchester: Manchester University Press. p. 411. ISBN 0-7190-0747-X.
  36. ^ Yee, Ronald (2021). The architecture of British bridges. Marlborough: Crowood. p. 94. ISBN 978-1-78500-794-1.
  37. ^ Rennison, R. W. (1996). Civil engineering heritage; Northern England (2 ed.). London: Thomas Telford. p. 181. ISBN 07277-2518-1.
  38. ^ "Newlay Bridge". www.heritagegateway.org.uk. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  39. ^ Speight, Harry (1891). Through Airedale from Goole to Malham. Leeds: Walker & Laycock. p. 96. OCLC 5824116.
  40. ^ Pickles, Helen (24 March 1984). "Out and About". The Times. No. 61790. p. 20. ISSN 0140-0460.
  41. ^ Historic England. "Newlay Bridge Pollard Lane (Grade II*) (1375481)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 25 February 2022.

Sources[edit]

External links[edit]

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