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<!-- unless there is ongoing breaking news that affects the majority of the article, this is not {{Current|date=February 2008}} -->
{{Infobox_Airline
| airline = Northwest Airlines
| logo = Northwest Airlines Logo.svg
| logo_size = 250
| IATA = NW
| ICAO = NWA
| callsign = NORTHWEST
| company_slogan = Now You're Flying Smart.
| founded = 1926 (as Northwest Airways)
| headquarters = [[Eagan, Minnesota]]
| employees = 31,000
| key_people = Douglas Steenland ([[CEO]])
| hubs =
<div>
*[[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]]
*[[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport]]
*[[Memphis International Airport]]
*[[Narita International Airport]] (Tokyo)
*[[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]]
</div>
| focus_cities =
<div>
*[[Indianapolis International Airport]]
*[[Honolulu International Airport]]
*[[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport]]<ref>[http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071210/BUSINESS05/71210042/1002/BUSINESS Northwest To Fly Nonstop to London from Detroit, Seattle, and Minneapolis/St. Paul]</ref><!-- see 7th paragraph from bottom -->
</div>
| frequent_flyer = WorldPerks
| lounge = WorldClubs
| parent = Northwest Airlines Corporation
| alliance = [[SkyTeam]]
| fleet_size = 343 (+25 orders)
| destinations = 255
| subsidiaries = [[Compass Airlines (North America)|Compass Airlines]]<br>[[Mesaba Airlines]]
| website = http://www.nwa.com
}}

'''Northwest Airlines, Inc.''' (often abbreviated '''NWA''') is the principal subsidiary of '''Northwest Airlines Corporation''' ({{nyse|NWA}}) and is a major [[United States]]<ref>[http://av-info.faa.gov/detail.asp?DSGN_CODE=NWAA&OPER_FAR=121&OPER_NAME=NORTHWEST+AIRLINES+INC FAA Airline Certificate Information]</ref> [[airline]] headquartered in [[Eagan, Minnesota]], near [[Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport]] in the [[United States]]. Northwest has three major [[Airline hub|hubs]] in the United States: [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]], [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport]], and [[Memphis International Airport]]. Northwest also operates flights from a small hub in Asia at [[Narita International Airport]] near [[Tokyo]] and also operates transatlantic flights in cooperation with partner [[KLM]] from [[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport|Schiphol Airport]] in [[Amsterdam]]. Additionally, it maintains [[focus city]] operations at [[Indianapolis International Airport]], [[Honolulu International Airport]], and [[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport]].

As of 2006 Northwest was the world's sixth largest airline in terms of domestic and international scheduled passenger miles flown and the U.S.'s sixth largest airline in terms of domestic passenger miles flown.<ref>[http://www.iata.org/ps/publications/wats-passenger-km.htm WATS Scheduled Passenger - Kilometres Flown]</ref> In addition to operating one of the largest domestic route networks in the U.S., Northwest carries more passengers across the [[Pacific Ocean]] (5.1 million in 2004) than any other U.S. carrier, and carries more domestic air cargo than any other American passenger airline.<ref>[http://www.iata.org/pressroom/wats/wats_freight_flown.htm Scheduled Freight Tonne - Kilometres Flown]</ref> It is the only U.S. combination carrier (passenger and cargo service) operating dedicated Boeing 747 freighters. The airline, along with its [[parent company]], Northwest Airlines Corporation and subsidiaries, operated under [[Chapter 11]] bankruptcy protection which, in the United States, allows continued operation during the reorganization effort, not cessation of flights as in the case in some countries. Northwest emerged from bankruptcy protection on [[May 31]], [[2007]].

Northwest Airlines' regional flights are operated under the name [[Northwest Airlink]] by [[Mesaba Airlines]], [[Pinnacle Airlines]], and [[Compass Airlines (North America)|Compass Airlines]]. Northwest Airlines is currently a minority owner of [[Midwest Airlines]], holding a 40% stake in the company.<ref>[http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=88626&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1041567&highlight= Northwest Airlines Becomes Minority Owner of Midwest Airlines] (Midwest Airlines Official Press Release: [[August 17]], [[2007]])</ref> Its [[frequent flyer program]] is called WorldPerks. Northwest Airlines' tagline is "Now you're flying smart."

On [[April 14]], [[2008]], Northwest announced it will be merging with [[Delta Air Lines]], subject to regulatory review. If approved, the new airline will retain only the [[Delta Air Lines]] name and brand. <ref>[http://www.nwa.com/features/mergerletter/index.html?intomni=tc.100percentservesV2.hplead Letter from Northwest]</ref>

==History==
<!-- Unsourced image removed: [[Image:Curtissoriole.jpg|thumb|left|The Curtiss Oriole, one of two [[biplane]]s Northwest used initially to haul U.S. mail.]] -->
===Beginnings===
Northwest Airlines was founded in [[1 September]] [[1926]] by Col. Lewis Brittin, under the name '''Northwest Airways'''. Like other early airlines, Northwest's focus was not in hauling passengers, but in flying mail for the [[U.S. Postal Service|U.S. Post Office Department]].<ref>[http://www.usps.com/history/his2_5.htm Parcel Post]</ref> The fledgling airline established a mail route between [[Minneapolis, Minnesota|Minneapolis]] and [[Chicago]], using open cockpit biplanes such as the [[Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company|Curtiss]] [[Curtis Oriole|Oriole]].

Northwest began flying passengers in 1927. In 1928, the airline started its first international route with service to [[Winnipeg, Canada]]. The airline's operations were expanded to smaller cities in the region by the end of the decade. In 1931 Northwest sponsored [[Charles Lindbergh|Charles and Anne Lindbergh]] on a pioneering flight to [[Japan]], scouting what would become known as the Northwest Airlines [[Great circle|Great Circle]] route, and proving that flying through [[Alaska]] could save as much as {{convert|2000|mi|km|-3}} on a New York-Tokyo route. In 1933, Northwest was designated to fly the Northern Transcontinental Route from [[New York City]] to [[Seattle, Washington]]; it adopted the name '''Northwest Airlines''' the following year as a result of the [[Air Mail Scandal]]. Northwest stock began to be publicly traded in 1941.
[[Image:NW 1920s logo.png|right|thumb|100px|1920s [[roundel]] logo]]
During [[World War II]], Northwest joined the war effort by flying military equipment and personnel from the continental United States to [[Alaska]]. During this time, Northwest began painting their aircraft tails red, as a visual aid in the often harsh weather conditions. This experience with the severe northern climate led the government to designate Northwest as the United States' main North Pacific carrier following the war.

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:NWmap4707.jpg|left|thumb|150px|1947, Orient service begins. Ad shows the [[Great circle|Great Circle route]], pioneered by Northwest]] -->In the spring of 1947 Northwest began staffing its Tokyo base with company personnel, flying them on the Great Circle route in twin-engine [[Douglas DC-3]] aircraft. On [[15 July]] [[1947]], Northwest became the first airline to fly a commercial passenger flight from the U.S. to Japan<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/upclose/1940.shtml First Commercial Flight from U.S. to Japan: July 15, 1947] (Northwest Airlines Website)</ref>, using ''The Manila'', a [[Douglas DC-4]] aircraft. The flight originated at Wold-Chamberlain Field (the predecessor of today's Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport), and made its way to Tokyo by way of [[Edmonton]], [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]], and [[Shemya]] in the [[Aleutian Islands]]. From Tokyo, the flight continued to [[Seoul]], [[Shanghai]], and [[Manila]]. [[Taipei]] replaced Shanghai after the end of the [[Chinese Civil War]] in 1949. With its new routes, the airline re-branded itself as '''Northwest Orient Airlines''', although the legal name of the company remained Northwest Airlines.

===Global expansion===
[[Image:Nw b377 cutaway view.jpg|thumb|150px|The Boeing 377 Stratocruiser, 1949 promotion]]On [[1 August]] [[1949]], Northwest took delivery of its first double-deck [[Boeing 377|Boeing 377 Stratocruisers]], which allowed the airline to establish higher service standards and reduce flight time. They were used to fly the Tokyo route nonstop from Seattle, and &ndash; with one stop in Anchorage &ndash; from [[Chicago]]. In 1951, Northwest helped establish [[Japan Airlines]] by leasing its aircraft and crew to the new company. In 1952, under the U.S.-Japan bilateral aviation treaty, Northwest and [[Pan American World Airways|Pan American]] were the two U.S. flag carriers awarded rights to fly not only from the U.S. to Japan, but to pick up and carry passengers beyond Japan. Northwest remains the largest non-Japanese carrier at Tokyo's Narita Airport, with flights to several cities in Asia including [[Seoul]], [[Busan]], [[Manila]], [[Hong Kong]], [[Beijing]], [[Shanghai]], [[Guangzhou]], [[Bangkok]], [[Singapore]], [[Saipan]] and [[Guam]].

Northwest meteorologists pioneered the first [[Clear air turbulence|clear-air turbulence]] forecasting system in 1957, important since the airline flew many northern routes over turbulence-prone mountain areas. Northwest remains a leader in turbulence prediction, providing TPAWS (turbulence prediction and warning services) to other airlines.<ref>[http://www.post-gazette.com/pg/05123/498351.stm Northwest Airlines is a Leader in Turbulence Prediction] (Post Gazette: [[May 3]], [[2005]])</ref>

On [[1 June]][[1959]], Northwest took delivery of its first [[turboprop]] jet aircraft, the [[L-188 Electra|Lockheed L-188 Electra]]. On [[8 July]][[1960]], Northwest put the [[Douglas DC-8]] into service, offering the shortest flight times on routes to Asia. In August 1960, Northwest retired the last Boeing 377 Stratocruiser. The airline took delivery of the [[Boeing 720#Subtypes|Boeing 720B]] in 1961, and in 1963, with the new [[Boeing 707]], and the retirement of the last propeller aircraft, Northwest became the first U.S. airline with an all-[[turbofan]] jet fleet, hence the slogan "Northwest Orient: The Fan-Jet Airline." Northwest began operating the [[Boeing 727|Boeing 727-151]] in 1964.

<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:NWmap7402.jpg|thumb|left|130px|System map, February 1972]] -->Northwest took delivery of its first [[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-151]] aircraft in 1970. The airline began retiring the older Boeing 707s, and using the newer 747s on high-density domestic routes, where the 727 lacked sufficient capacity.

===Merger with Republic and the 1990s===
[[Image:NWmap8606.jpg|thumb|200px|June 1986 Route Map, prior to Republic Airlines merger]] After [[airline deregulation]], Northwest began nonstop flights to other Asian cities, returned to China in 1984 after a 34 year hiatus, and gradually strengthened its presence in the southern United States. It also began flying to [[UK|Britain]], [[Ireland]], [[Germany]], and [[Scandinavia]]. On [[1 October]] [[1986]], Northwest purchased its competitor, Minneapolis-St. Paul-based [[Republic Airlines (1979-1986)|Republic Airlines]], and adopted its three-hub network centered around Minneapolis-St. Paul, Detroit, and Memphis. Northwest dropped the word ''Orient'' from its brand name after the merger.

In 1989, Northwest introduced a new identity designed by [[Landor Associates]] superseding the 1970 logo and [[livery]], which had been used since 1986, minus the word "Orient." A new livery, nicknamed the "bowling shoe" by employees, featuring colors of red, white, gray, and blue, was adopted at the same time.

1989 also saw major changes in ownership at the airline. Northwest was purchased in a 1989 [[leveraged buyout]] by an investment group headed by Al Checchi and Gary Wilson, KLM, and many others. To pay off the debt incurred in their takeover, the new management sold many of the airline's aircraft to leasing companies, and sold property around the world, including land in central Tokyo. The expense of the buyout was so great that in 1993, following several years of losses due to industry overcapacity and a traffic downturn following the [[Gulf War]], Northwest threatened bankruptcy unless its employee groups agreed to three years of wage cuts. After signing the concessionary agreements, Northwest made its first profit since 1989.<!-- Commented out because image was deleted: [[Image:Old Northwest Airlines logo.jpg|thumb|left|75px|Logo 1970-1989]] --> [[Image:KLM Northwest Airlines Worldwide Reliability Logo.svg|thumb|100px|NW/KLM service mark, 1993-2003]]

Also in 1993, Northwest began its strategic alliance with [[KLM]], which was the largest airline partnership ever conceived at the time. This partnership eventually became the [[Wings Alliance]]. However, the alliance never grew beyond the two airlines, and is now obsolete from a passenger's perspective, because both airlines are part of the larger [[SkyTeam]] Alliance. (From a legal perspective, the Northwest/KLM alliance remains important: it has [[United States antitrust law|antitrust]] immunity, whereas the broader SkyTeam alliance merely has [[Codeshare agreement|code-sharing]] privileges.) Northwest gradually pulled out of its minor European destinations and once more focused its attention on the domestic and Asian markets. On [[1 May]] [[1996]], Northwest began the first nonstop service from the U.S. to China, on the [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Detroit]]-[[Beijing Capital International Airport|Beijing]] route. Nonstop Detroit-[[Shanghai]] service followed in April 2000. Later, these nonstop services were suspended in 2002 due to the outbreak of [[severe acute respiratory syndrome]] (SARS){{Fact|date=November 2007}}. Northwest currently serves these routes via Tokyo. The airline sought government approval to restore nonstop Detroit-Shanghai service in March 2007 but lost its bid to [[United Airlines|United's]] [[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington Dulles]]-Beijing route; however, Northwest recently received tentative authority to restart nonstop Detroit-Shanghai service starting [[March 25]], [[2009]].

Throughout the late 1990s and early 2000s, Northwest enjoyed profits and focused on improving technology to increase convenience while reducing costs. The airline has offered airport self-service check-in kiosks since 1997, and has more than any other airline. Northwest was also the first large U.S. airline to offer passengers Internet check-in, with service from December 2000. During the early 2000s, Northwest Airlines acquired a reputation of refusing to adopt industry-wide fare increases that had been accepted by other United States airlines. This changed in March 2005, when Northwest adopted fare hikes in response to rising oil prices.
[[Image:ImmediatePastNWALogo.png|thumb|left|150px|NWA logo, 1989-2003]]

===Detroit blizzard, stranded passengers===
On [[January 2]], [[1999]], a heavy winter storm hit Northwest's hub in Detroit, seriously affecting flight operations. The blizzard dumped eighteen inches of snow on the airport, setting off a chain of events, caused by both human and environmental factors. Before it was over, some passengers had been stuck on board grounded aircraft up to 8.5 hours.

Poor communication between Northwest, [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Wayne County]] (operators of the airport), and [[air traffic control]] resulted in arriving flights continuing to land despite deteriorating conditions. With area roads impassable, the majority of airport employees were not able to report to work. Snowdrifts covered the ramp, taxiways and runways. Aircraft parked overnight could not be moved away from the gate due to the snow accumulation, and arriving flights had nowhere to go. Many passengers were thereby trapped on board, and unable to disembark for many hours. Eventually employees working through the storm were able to begin the slow process of clearing snow, move aircraft off unused gates, and allowing the inbound flights to park.

An official inquiry found "... [the delays] were serious and indicate that this event had important implications for passenger safety. Moreover, even if the well being of passengers had not been an issue, the review team believes that the stranding of passengers on aircraft queued on taxiways for up to 8½ hours invites more serious problems and is simply unacceptable. None of the other airlines serving Detroit experienced ground delays approaching the magnitude of Northwest's delays."<ref>[http://www.dot.gov/affairs/1999/detsnowintro.htm Passengers Stranded on Northwest Airlines Aircraft in 1999] (DOT: [[January 5]], [[1999]])</ref> Subsequently, passengers brought various legal claims against the carrier including false imprisonment and negligence and obtained a $1.7 million settlement.<ref>[http://www.aasfe.org/susan-carey-2.html Tension on a crowded plane nears the breaking point as it festers, snowbound, Wall Street Journal]</ref>
The problem of passengers stranded on aircraft during bad weather is a common problem among many U.S. airlines. This problem is exacerbated by the shortage of gates at some airports, the reluctance of airlines to ask other airlines for temporary gate use, other airlines not allowing the use of their gates, and reluctance of airlines to use stairs to disembark passengers. In late 2006 and early 2007, similar well-publicized incidents have occurred on other airlines, namely American Airlines in Dallas and JetBlue in New York. However, the above mentioned Northwest incident is noteworthy because of the large monetary settlement.

===September 11, 2001 aftermath and beyond===
[[Image:NW 747-200.jpg|thumb|250px|747-200 in 1990s livery]]
Due to the effects of competition from [[low-cost carrier]]s such as [[Southwest Airlines]] and increased labor costs due to a new contract with employees represented by the [[Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association]] (AMFA) [[Trade union|labor union]], Northwest began to make cutbacks in early 2001. Two small rounds of employee layoffs and other cutbacks were implemented in the months prior to the [[September 11 terrorist attacks]]. Following the attacks, Northwest was forced to make major changes to its business structure through major employee layoffs and other cost cutting measures. The retirement of costly and aging aircraft such as the [[Boeing 727]] and [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40]] were accelerated as new aircraft went into service. In addition, the airline pursued options to reduce costs across the board, including removing pillows, peanuts, pretzels, in-flight entertainment on domestic flights, and newspapers and magazines. Also, over 50 [[McDonnell Douglas DC-9]], [[Boeing 757]], [[Boeing 747]], and [[Airbus A320|Airbus A320 family]] aircraft were withdrawn from use in an attempt to lower overall capacity and save money. Some of these aircraft have since been returned to service.

Following many years of a pioneering and close partnership with [[KLM Royal Dutch Airlines]], Northwest, along with partners KLM and [[Continental Airlines]], joined the [[SkyTeam]], an [[airline alliance]] of ten airlines from around the world, on [[15 September]] [[2004]]. This was partially a result of [[Air France]] acquiring KLM, forming the [[Air France-KLM]] group. The airline continued to hemorrhage money, however. In the spring of 2005, a media spectacle occurred when the news leaked that top executives in the company had been selling much of their stock. Subsequently, shareholders filed lawsuits against four top officials for [[insider trading]], including Chairman Gary Wilson, CEO Doug Steenland, former director Al Checchi and former CFO Bernie Han.

Despite far-reaching money saving initiatives, Northwest was forced to file for [[Chapter 11]] [[bankruptcy]] protection for the first time in its 79-year history. The filing took place in the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York on [[14 September]] [[2005]]. With Northwest's filing, four of the six largest U.S. carriers were operating under bankruptcy protection. Northwest joined [[Delta Air Lines]] (which filed just minutes before), [[United Airlines]], and [[US Airways]] in bankruptcy. All four of these carriers have since emerged from bankruptcy protection. Northwest common stock shares dropped more than 50% for the second time in three days following the news, largely because stock is generally cancelled as part of the bankruptcy process. In the following weeks, Northwest Airlink carriers [[Mesaba Airlines]] and [[Pinnacle Airlines]] both announced that Northwest had missed payments to them for their Airlink flying. Northwest also announced plans to shrink its Airlink fleet by over 45 aircraft. Mesaba Aviation filed for [[Chapter 11 Bankruptcy]] on [[October 13]][[2005]]. However, Northwest recently announced that it would once again increase capacity.
[[Image:Northwest319.jpg|thumb|left|A Northwest Airlines A320 on landing.]]
Northwest announced that on [[May 18]], [[2007]] that shares of the company would begin to be traded on the NYSE under the ticker NWA. Initial trading on a "when-issued" basis began on [[May 21]], [[2007]], and regular trading will begin on [[May 31]], [[2007]]. Also on [[May 18]], [[2007]], Northwest Airlines was cleared by a federal bankruptcy judge to emerge from Chapter 11 Bankruptcy protection on [[May 31]], [[2007]]. It ended Northwest's 20 months of difficulty trying to slash costs, although it will still likely be an uphill battle, as labor unions who made large concessions will demand higher pay. <ref>[http://www.startribune.com/535/story/1192189.html Northwest clear to exit Chapter 11<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>

On [[July 16]], [[2007]], Northwest Airlines applied to the [[United States Department of Transportation]] for nonstop service between its WorldGateway hub at Detroit to Shanghai (beginning in 2007 on [[Boeing 747-400]]s) and to Beijing (beginning in 2009 on [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]s). The airline faced off against [[Delta Air Lines]] (who proposed Atlanta to Shanghai and Beijing), [[American Airlines]] (Chicago/O'Hare-Beijing), [[Continental Airlines]] (Newark-Shanghai), [[US Airways]] (Philadelphia-Beijing), [[United Airlines]] (Los Angeles-Shanghai and San Francisco-Guangzhou), and [[MAXjet]] (Seattle-Shanghai) in the route competition.

On [[August 12]], [[2007]], Northwest Airlines became a possible passive investor in the purchase of [[Midwest Airlines]] by [[TPG Capital]]. They stated that while they are an investor, they will not participate in any management or control of [[Midwest Airlines]].<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2007/pr081320071878.html Northwest Airlines To Become Passive Investor of Midwest Airlines] (Official Press Release: August 13, 2007)</ref> However, on August 14, 2007, [[AirTran Airways]] raised their offer for Midwest to $16.25 a share, 25 cents more than the TPG offer.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2007-08-14-airtran-midwest_N.htm Northwest Airlines and TPG Bid Now In Competition with AirTran Airways] (USA Today: August 14, 2007)</ref> But soon after on August 17, 2007, [[TPG Capital]] raised their offer to $17.00 a share which sealed the deal. Northwest Airlines became a minority owner of [[Midwest Airlines]] in the fourth quarter of 2007.<ref>[http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=88626&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1041567&highlight= Northwest Airlines Becomes Minority Owner of Midwest Airlines] (Midwest Airlines Official Press Release: August 17, 2007)</ref>

On [[September 25]], [[2007]], Northwest Airlines received DOT approval to begin service to Shanghai from their Detroit hub beginning March 25, 2009. American, Continental, Delta, and US Airways also received new or additional China route authority to Shanghai or Beijing, and United received authority to serve Guangzhou.

=== Merger with Delta Air Lines===
{{main|Delta Air Lines-Northwest Airlines merger}}

In early 2008 reports circulated about merger talks between Northwest and its [[SkyTeam]] alliance partner [[Delta Air Lines]]. The merger would transform both airlines because of vastly different aircraft fleets and hubs located very close together, making many expensive changes necessary for the deal to happen.

On [[April 4]], in an announcement seemingly unrelated to the ongoing merger talks, Northwest CEO Douglas Steenland announced revenue enhancements and capacity reductions in response to the extremely high fuel prices. About 15-20 aircraft were to be removed from the fleet.<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr040420081969.html Northwest Airlines Extends Minimum Stay Requirements For Domestic Leisure Fares In Response To High Fuel Cost] (Official Press Release: [[April 4]], [[2008]])</ref>

On [[April 11]], labor unions at both airlines were reported to have struck an agreement giving the green light for a merger.<ref>[http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2008804110388 Delta Air Lines Pilots Clear The Way For A Merger With Northwest] (Detroit News: [[April 11]], [[2008]])</ref><ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2008/04/14/business/14deal.html?hp Delta-Northwest Merger Talks Pick Up Pace Again]</ref>

On [[April 14]], both airlines announced their merger; the combined airline, which will be the world's largest, will use the name Delta.<ref>[http://www.newglobalairline.com/ Northwest/Delta Merger Information Website]</ref>

==Labor relations==
A recurring issue in Northwest's history is its troubled labor relations. In 1998, Northwest walked away from the bargaining table, locked out its pilots (represented by [[ALPA]]) and shut down the airline for more than two weeks. The airline sustained heavy losses as a result, and ended 1998 in the red, after being profitable since 1993.
[[Image:B753.jpg|thumb|right|A Northwest Airlines 757-300.]]
On [[August 20]][[2005]], after months of negotiations, an impasse declared by the [[National Mediation Board|NMB]] and a [[30-day cooling off period]], the over 4,750 Northwest aircraft [[mechanic]]s, janitors, and aircraft [[cleaners]] represented by [[Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association|AMFA]] went on [[Strike action|strike]] against the company. After numerous negotiation sessions, no agreement was reached, and the company began hiring permanent replacement workers. In mid-October, after permanently hiring about 500 non-union workers, Northwest made a final offer to the union. The offer would have saved only 500 union jobs and offered a mere four weeks of severance pay to terminated employees. This offer was significantly worse than the original declined by the union, which would have saved over 2,000 jobs and offered 16 weeks of severance pay. On [[21 October]][[2005]], AMFA announced that it would not allow its members to vote on the offer, citing that parts of the contract would violate the union's commitment to its members. Finally, in late December 2005, Northwest made what it termed its "final offer" to the union. The agreement would have terminated all striking workers and given them rights to unemployment compensation. The union voted down the offer. On [[October 9]], [[2006]], AMFA leadership and Northwest reached an agreement.<ref>[http://www.amfanatl.org/Pages/06_News&Information/NWA/20061009_Strike_Settle_Agreement-TA.pdf Strike settlement agreement]</ref> Under the settlement, all AMFA workers still on strike as of that date will be converted to lay-off status with 5 weeks of severance pay (10 weeks if they resign from Northwest). However, these employees will have a right of recall to their old jobs. Approval of the settlement was<ref>[http://www.amfa32.com/news/detail2.asp?id=110 Northwest Airlines Strike Settlement Approved] (November 6, 2006)</ref> on [[6 November]] [[2006]].

On [[May 30]], [[2007]], it was announced that the flight attendants narrowly agreed to concessions and became the last major work group at Northwest to agree to new contract terms. The deal was approved by a vote of 2,966 to 2,862. Union leaders said that 90.5 percent of eligible voters cast ballots. The new contract provides Northwest with $195 million in annual cuts through 2011.

Negotiations with attendants had been ongoing and contentious for several years. The flight attendants were unable to strike during negotiations because of a court injunction and the refusal of the mediation board to release them from bargaining which would have allowed the setting of a strike deadline. The attendants had been working under imposed pay cuts and work rules since July of 2006 when a previous tentative agreement was rejected by 55 percent of the voting members.

Prior to the May 2007 agreement, union leaders had expressed concern that the defeat of the agreement could prompt the National Mediation Board to recess talks indefinitely resulting in the loss of a $182 million bankruptcy claim the attendants had against Northwest. With the new agreement, the $182 million claim will eventually be sold for cash with an estimated pre-tax value of $15,000 to $18,000 per flight attendant. Other labor unions at Northwest received similar claims as part of their concessionary agreements.

Previous to the recent agreements, Northwest provided employees with stock in exchange for concessions. For example, In 1993 Northwest's pilots, ground workers and flight attendants received stock and seats on the board of directors in exchange for pay cuts. As part of the agreement, Northwest was supposed to buy back these preferred shares in 2003 but refused to do so citing financial distress. Flight attendants, ground workers and mechanics still holding those preferred shares will now get shares of new Northwest stock (estimated at a combined value of $277 million).

In the summer of 2007 Northwest also had labor conflict with its pilots, over the large number of end of the month flight cancellations. The pilots claim that Northwest did not have the pilots to fly its schedule; Northwest accused the pilots of calling in sick to create the problem. This was resolved with a new agreement with [[ALPA]] in August 2007 in which pilots will be compensated for overtime. Northwest has also since begun hiring of new pilots to alleviate the pilot shortages they have faced throughout the summer of 2007.

==Destinations==
{{see|Northwest Airlines destinations}}
[[Image:nwa a330-300 n805nw arp.jpg|thumb|left|[[Airbus A330-300]]]]
Northwest primarily operates a hub and spoke route system with hubs in Amsterdam, Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, and Tokyo. The Amsterdam hub primarily consists of service from the U.S. to that city with beyond flights operated by KLM. It operates a few routes outside the hub system, such as San Francisco-Honolulu. Indianapolis is served as a focus city with much, but not all, of the added service to non-hub cities through Northwest Airlink flights.

Northwest has concentrated on flights to and from its hubs. In 1991, it began service to Australia, which had been abandoned by Continental a few years earlier after United and Qantas began non-stop flights to the continental U.S. using the newly introduced, long range 747-400, which Continental did not operate. Northwest served Sydney-Los Angeles, as well as Melbourne-Osaka-New York. The Melbourne flights raised Japanese protest because less than 30% of passengers on the Australia-Japan segment were originating in the U.S.<ref>[http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CE7DE1631F931A25750C0A965958260 Northwest Airlines Past Route To Australia]</ref>

In the mid-1980s, Northwest operated the only U.S. flag carrier service to Glasgow, Oslo, and Stockholm, as well as service to Copenhagen. However, this was later withdrawn after several years. From 2000 Northwest operated flights to Milan and Rome, both were later withdrawn (from 2003 to 2005 Rome was served only during the summer season). From 1996 until 2002, Northwest operated nonstop flights from its Detroit hub to Beijing and Shanghai. Eventually, these routes were suspended. Northwest currently operates these routes from Detroit with a connection at its Tokyo-Narita hub. However, on [[July 16]], [[2007]], Northwest applied with the US Department of Transportation for nonstop service between Detroit and both Beijing and Shanghai. <ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2007/pr071620071861.html Northwest Airlines Announces Bid For U.S.-China Nonstop Service]</ref> On [[September 25]], [[2007]], the US Department of Transportation tentatively awarded authority to Northwest for a new Detroit to Shanghai (Pudong) route effective beginning [[March 25]], [[2009]]. The route will be flown using [[Boeing 787]] Dreamliner aircraft.

Northwest Airlines also serves more Canadian cities than any other US carrier including Calgary, Edmonton, Kitchener/Waterloo, London (ON), Montreal Trudeau, Ottawa, Quebec City, Regina, Saskatoon, Thunder Bay, Toronto Pearson, Vancouver, and Winnipeg. Seasonal service is also offered to smaller Canadian cities.

=== New routes ===
Northwest Airlines will begin service from the following cities to their listed destinations beginning on the listed date. Some routes listed below may already be operated by Northwest Airlines, or their regional affiliates, [[Compass Airlines (North America)|Compass]], [[Mesaba Airlines|Mesaba]], or [[Pinnacle Airlines]], from other destinations.
==== Detroit ([[DTW]]) ====
* London-Heathrow, United Kingdom ([[LHR]]) begins [[May 1]], [[2008]]<ref>[http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/071210/20071210005960.html?.v=1 Northwest Airlines To Begin New Service To London-Heathrow From Detroit]</ref>
* Wichita, Kansas ([[ICT]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr013120081928.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To Wichita From Detroit] (Official Press Release: February 1, 2008)</ref>
* Monterrey, Mexico ([[MTY]]) begins [[June 1]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Compass Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr011620081924.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To Monterrey From Detroit] (Official Press Release: January 16, 2008)</ref>
* Escanaba, Michigan ([[ESC]]) begins [[June 5]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Mesaba Airlines) --Through service to Iron Mountain, Michigan--
* Chattanooga, Tennessee ([[CHA]]) begins [[June 5]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)
* Shanghai-Pudong, China ([[PVG]]) begins [[March 25]], [[2009]]<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2007/pr092520071889.html Northwest Airlines To Begin New Service To Shanghai From Detroit] (Official Press Release: September 25, 2007)</ref>

==== Indianapolis ([[IND]]) ====
* Austin, Texas ([[AUS]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr020620081932.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To Austin From Indianapolis] (Official Press Release: February 6, 2008)</ref>
* San Antonio, Texas ([[SAT]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr020620081932.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To San Antonio From Indianapolis] (Official Press Release: February 6, 2008)</ref>
==== Memphis ([[MEM]]) ====
* Norfolk, Virginia ([[ORF]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr013120081928.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To Norfolk From Memphis] (Official Press Release: February 1, 2008)</ref>
* San Diego, California ([[SAN]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]]
* Colorado Springs, Colorado ([[COS]]) begins [[June 5]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)
* Hartford/Springfield, Connecticut ([[BDL]]) begins [[June 15]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)

==== Minneapolis/St. Paul ([[MSP]]) ====
* Ottawa, Canada ([[YOW]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr013120081928.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To Ottawa from Minneapolis/St. Paul] (Official Press Release: February 1, 2008]</ref>
* Greenville/Spartanburg, South Carolina ([[GSP]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr013120081928.html Northwest Airlink To Begin New Service To Greenville/Spartanburg From Minneapolis/St. Paul] (Official Press Release: February 1, 2008]</ref>
* Ft. Wayne, Indiana ([[FWA]]) begins [[May 2]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)
* Iron Mountain, Michigan ([[IMT]]) begins [[June 5]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Mesaba Airlines) --Through service to Escanaba, Michigan--
* Lexington, Kentucky ([[LEX]]) begins [[June 5]], [[2008]] (Seasonal, Northwest Airlink - Pinnacle Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr030720081945.html Northwest Airlines To Begin New Seasonal Service To Lexington From Minneapolis/St. Paul] (Official Press Release: February 25, 2008)</ref>
* Dubuque, Iowa ([[DBQ]]) begins [[June 20]], [[2008]] (Northwest Airlink - Mesaba Airlines)<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2008/pr020820081933.html Northwest Airlines To Begin New Service To Dubuque From Minneapolis/St. Paul] (Official Press Release: February 7, 2008)</ref>

==== Seattle/Tacoma ([[SEA]]) ====
* London-Heathrow, United Kingdom ([[LHR]]) begins [[June 1]], [[2008]]<ref>[http://biz.yahoo.com/bw/071210/20071210005960.html?.v=1 Northwest Airlines To Begin New Service To London-Heathrow From Seattle]</ref>

==Fleet==
[[Image:Northwest Airlines Boeing 747-400.jpg|thumb|right|200 px|[[Boeing 747-400]] at [[PDX]]; used primarily on U.S. - Asia routes]]
Northwest is in the midst of a major long-haul fleet renewal program. As part of this program, Northwest introduced a simplified new paint scheme and logo in 2003. The airline has replaced its [[McDonnell Douglas DC-10]] aircraft with the [[Airbus A330]] and will soon introduce the new [[Boeing 787]] into their fleet. The first [[Airbus A330|Airbus A330-300]], used on European flights, arrived on [[August 6]], [[2003]]. Northwest also operates the longer range and slightly shorter A330-200 on some trans-Pacific markets, within the Far East, and on some transatlantic routes. Northwest's last [[DC-10]] flight arrived in [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport]] the morning of [[January 8]], [[2007]] after completing a flight from [[Honolulu International Airport]].<ref> [http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2006/pr102720061722.html Northwest Airlines DC-10 Retirement Program] (Official Press Release: [[June 28]], [[2006]])</ref> The last Northwest Airlines DC-10 commercial flight across the Atlantic took place on [[October 29]], [[2006]], from [[Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]] to [[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport]].<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2006/pr103020061723.html Northwest Airlines DC-10 Trans-Atlantic Schedule Ends] (Official Press Release: [[October 30]], [[2006]])</ref> The majority of Northwest Airlines flights to and from Europe are operated by the [[Airbus A330]]; Northwest is the largest operator of the type in the world. <ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2007/pr101820071899.html Northwest Airlines Becomes Largest Airbus A330 Operator In The World] (Official Press Release: [[October 18]], [[2007]])</ref> The airline also offers the youngest transatlantic fleet of any North American and European airline. Northwest Airlines also began operating reconfigured [[Boeing 757|Boeing 757-200]] aircraft for European flights with fewer passengers. Northwest is one of only two passenger airlines in the United States to operate the [[Boeing 747-400]], with the other being [[United Airlines]]. There are several cargo airlines in the United States operating the [[Boeing 747]].

In the future, Northwest is looking for manufacturers to discuss the replacement of their 100 and 125 seat [[DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9]] aircraft, with an average age of 35 years.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/27/business/27planes.html?em&ex=1193630400&en=5fe494ac5ff972a6&ei=5087%0A U.S. Airlines Put Off Buying New Planes]</ref><ref>[http://www.southernairways.org/assoc_press_old_dc9.htm Using Old DC-9s Pays Off for Northwest]</ref> It is possible that they might order aircraft from the [[Embraer 195]] or the [[Airbus A320]] families.<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2006/pr100520061708.html Northwest Airlines Discusses Future DC-9 Replacement] (Official Press Release: October 5, 2006)</ref> Although narrowbody aircraft may be a possible replacement, many industry analysts see that Northwest Airlines will purchase regional jets in an effort to save the airline money (as Regional Jet pilots and crew are paid less than narrowbody pilots and crew).<ref>[http://www.startribune.com/535/story/1295475.html Northwest Airlines Begin Receiving Regional Jet Orders] (Star Tribune: [[July 10]], [[2007]])</ref> In January 2008, Northwest advised its pilots that the airline plans to cut its fleet of 92 DC-9s to 68 by the end of 2008. Northwest stated that pilot jobs will not be reduced, as they are hiring approximately 200-250 pilots by the end of the year.<ref>[http://blogs.usatoday.com/sky/2008/01/nwa-dc9.html Northwest Airlines To Reduce DC-9 Aircraft] (USA Today: [[January 22]], [[2008]])</ref>

=== Passenger ===
The Northwest Airlines fleet consists of the following aircraft as of December 2007.<ref>[http://ir.nwa.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=111021&p=irol-fleet Northwest Airlines Corporate Fleet Information]</ref> Northwest Airlines has an average fleet age of 18.5 years as of the end of 2007.<ref>[http://www.airsafe.com/events/airlines/fleetage.htm Average Fleet Age for Selected U.S. Carriers - Airsafe<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref>
<center>
{| class="toccolours sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ '''Northwest Airlines Fleet'''
|- bgcolor=lightblue
!Aircraft
!Total
!Passengers <br> <small>(First*/Economy)</small>
!Routes
!Notes
|-
|[[Airbus A319]]
|57 <br> (5 orders)
|124 (16/108)
|''Domestic short-medium haul'' <br> United States, Canada, Mexico
|
|-
|[[Airbus A320]]
|73 <br> (2 orders)
|148 (16/132)
|''Domestic short-medium haul'' <br> United States, Canada, Mexico
|
|-
|[[Airbus A330-200]]
|11
|243 (32/211)
|''International medium-long haul'' <br> Transatlantic, transpacific, intra-Asia, India
|Largest operator of the [[Airbus A330]]
|-
|[[Airbus A330-300]]
|21
|298 (34/264)
|''International medium-long haul'' <br> Transatlantic, transpacific, Honolulu
|Largest operator of the [[Airbus A330]]
|-
|[[Boeing 747-400]]
|16
|403 (65/338)
|''International long haul'' <br> Transpacific and Transatlantic <br>
|Launch customer
|-
|[[Boeing 757-200]]
|55
|160 (16/144) <br> 182 (20/162) <br> 182 (22/160) <br> 184 (22/162)
|''Domestic/international short-medium haul'' <br> North American, transatlantic, intra-Asia
|16 configured with winglets <br> New interiors<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/newsc/2006/pr101120061711.html Northwest Airlines European Expansion] (Official Press Release: October 11, 2006)</ref>
|-
|[[Boeing 757-300]]
|16
|224 (24/200)
|''Domestic medium-long haul'' <br> North American, U.S. west coast-Hawaii
|Only customer to order with Pratt & Whitney engines
|-
|[[Boeing 787-8]]
|(18 orders) <br> (50 options)
|200 (48/152)
|''International long haul'' <br> Transatlantic, transpacific, intra-Asia, <br> Detroit-Shanghai <small>(beginning March 25, 2009)</small>
|Entry into service: 2009
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30]]
|48
|100 (16/84)
|''Domestic short haul'' <br> United States, Canada
|Largest operator of the DC-9
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-40]]
|12
|110 (16/94)
|''Domestic short haul'' <br> United States, Canada
|
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-50]]
|34
|125 (16/109)
|''Domestic short haul'' <br> United States, Canada
|
|}
<sup>*First Class is offered on most domestic flights. World Business Class is offered on transatlantic/transpacific flights.</sup>
</center>

=== Retired ===
<center>
{| class="toccolours sortable" border="1" cellpadding="3" style="border-collapse:collapse"
|+ '''Northwest Airlines Retired Fleet'''
|- bgcolor=lightblue
!Aircraft
!Year Retired
!Replacement
!Notes
|-
|[[Boeing 727]]
|2003
|[[Airbus A320|Airbus A320 Family]]
|
|-
|[[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-100]]
|2000
|[[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-400]]
|
|-
|[[Boeing 747|Boeing 747-200]]
|2007
|[[Airbus A330|Airbus A330 Family]]
|2 retained for charter use
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-9|McDonnell Douglas DC-9-10]]
|2005
|[[Airbus A320|Airbus A320 Family]]
|
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas MD-80]]
|1999
|[[Airbus A320|Airbus A320 Family]]
|Acquired during merger with [[Republic Airlines (1979-1986)|Republic Airlines]]
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30]]
|2007
|[[Airbus A330|Airbus A330 Family]]
|Sold to [[ATA Airlines]] and [[Omni Air International]]
|-
|[[McDonnell Douglas DC-10|McDonnell Douglas DC-10-40]]
|2002
|[[Boeing 757-300]]
|
|}
</center>

=== NWA Cargo ===
<!-- Deleted image removed: [[Image:NWA Cargo logo.png|right]] -->
[[Image:Northwest Airlines Cargo, Boeing 747.jpg|thumb|A Northwest Airlines Cargo Boeing 747 at Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport in Alaska]]

As of 2006, NWA Cargo is the largest cargo carrier among U.S. combination passenger and cargo airlines. NWA Cargo’s fleet of 13 dedicated [[Boeing 747]] freighter aircraft fly from key cities throughout the United States and Asia and connect the carrier’s cargo hub in [[Anchorage, Alaska]] ([[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport]]), facilitating the quick transfer of cargo between large cities on both sides of the Pacific. NWA Cargo also transports freight aboard the passenger fleet of Northwest Airlines to more than 250 cities worldwide.

As of early 2008, NWA's largest cargo client is DHL International. In December of 2007, NWA announced that DHL International would terminate its cargo agreement with the airline effective late 2008. According to NWA Chief Financial Officer Dave Davis, the loss of its largest cargo client will bring significant changes to the division. <ref>[http://www.detnews.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071205/BIZ/712050365 NWA weighs cargo options after DHL] (The Detroit News, [[December 5]], [[2007]])</ref>

NWA Cargo serves airports and routes not served by the passenger operation -- the only U.S. carrier to maintain a separate fleet and route network exclusively for cargo. Such cargo-only cities on NWA's route map include [[Airborne Airpark|Wilmington, Ohio]], and cargo only routes include [[O'Hare International Airport|Chicago, Illinois]] to [[Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport|Anchorage, Alaska]].

==Cabin==
===World Business Class===
World Business Class is the equivalent of [[business class]] on Northwest Airlines' international flights. It is currently available on Airbus A330, Boeing 747-400, and trans-Atlantic Boeing 757-200 aircraft. On Airbus A330 and Boeing 747-400 aircraft, seats have 60 inches of pitch and 176 degrees of recline. On trans-Atlantic Boeing 757-200 aircraft, seats have 60 inches of pitch and 150 degrees of recline. Passengers aboard this class receive free meals and refreshments, including alcoholic beverages. All seats are equipped with Audio-Video-On-Demand ([[AVOD]]), universal power-ports, a moveable reading light, a folding work table, and a swivel cocktail table.

===Domestic First Class===
Domestic First Class is offered on domestic flights. It is available on Airbus A319, A320, Boeing 757-200 (Domestic), 757-300 and McDonnell Douglas DC-9 aircraft. Seats range from 19.5 to 21.5 inches wide, and have between 34 and 37 inches of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive free meals, refreshments, and alcohol.

===International Economy Class===
Economy Class is available on all international flights. Seats range from 17 to 17.5 inches wide, and have between 31 and 34 inches of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive free meals, snacks, and non-alcoholic beverages. Alcoholic beverages can be purchased for $5.00, with the exception of European routes where they are free.

Passengers aboard Airbus A330 aircraft also have a Audio-Video-On-Demand ([[AVOD]]) system located in the seat back in front of them, and passengers seated in rows 10-23 (A330-200) or rows 10-28 (A330-300) have a universal power-port located below their seat.

===Domestic Economy Class===
Economy Class is available on all domestic flights. Seats range from 17 to 17.5 inches wide, and have between 30 and 33 inches of pitch. Passengers aboard this class receive free refreshments, however smartsnack boxes, sandwiches (on select flights), and light snacks may be purchased for a nominal fee. Alcoholic beverages may be purchased for $5.00. Although only cash is currently accepted for onboard purchases, Northwest plans on offering cashless payments (credit/debit cards) for snacks and alcoholic beverages in the near future.{{Fact|date=February 2008}}

Although several of the airlines domestic aircraft are equipped with in-flight entertainment systems, Northwest Airlines is the only major U.S. airline (aside from low-cost, short-haul [[Southwest Airlines]] and [[Spirit Airlines]]) to not offer any in-flight entertainment within North America (including Alaska). However, on flights to Hawaii, audio and video programming is available.

==WorldPerks==
[[Image:NWA WorldPerks logo.png|right|150px]]

WorldPerks offers regular travelers the ability to obtain free tickets, First Class upgrades on flights, discounted membership for its airport lounges ([[Northwest Airlines#WorldClubs|WorldClubs]]), or other types of rewards. Customers accumulate miles from actual flight segments they fly or through Northwest's partners, such as car rental companies, hotels, credit cards, and other vendors. WorldPerks' elite tiers are Silver Elite, Gold Elite and Platinum elite which allow for more mileage bonus, priority waitlists and standby and other benefits. Over the years, some details of the program have changed, such as introducing capacity controlled awards (only a certain number of seats are allocated for free travel), expiration of account if no activity occurs in three years, requirement of a Saturday night stay for domestic coach awards, waiving of capacity controls for awards but requiring double the amount of miles for redemption, and adding several partner airlines for mileage accumulation and award redemption.<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/worldperks/program/ Northwest Airlines WorldPerks Program Information]</ref> The original name of the WorldPerks program was the Northwest Orient Airlines Free Flight Plan, which began in 1981.<ref> [http://www.insideflyer.com/articles/o2_sidebar.php?key=4 Northwest Orient Free Flight Plan]</ref> The original program used paper coupons and gave credit for flight segments, much like the current [[Southwest Airlines]] program. Upon renaming the program to "WorldPerks", a mileage based system was begun.

In addition to its [[Northwest Airlink]] and [[SkyTeam]] alliance partnerships, Northwest offers frequent flyer partnerships with the following airlines:<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/worldperks/earn/airfl.shtml Northwest Airlines WorldPerks Airline Partnerships]</ref>
[[Image:NW Boeing 787.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Artist's rendering of a Northwest Airlines [[Boeing 787 Dreamliner]]. The aircraft is scheduled to enter into service in 2009.]]

{|
|- valign="top"|
|
* [[Air Tahiti Nui]]
* [[Alaska Airlines]]
* [[American Eagle Airlines|American Eagle]] <small>(California Routes Only)</small>
* [[Big Sky Airlines]]
* [[Cebu Pacific]] <br> <small>(temporarily suspended due to <br> FAA Category 2 downgrading)</small>
* [[China Airlines]]
* [[Gulfstream International Airlines]]
* [[Hawaiian Airlines]] <br> <small>(Inter-Island and International Routes Only)</small>
|valign="top"|
* [[Horizon Air]]
* [[Japan Airlines]]
* [[Jet Airways]]
* [[Jetstar Asia Airways]] <small>(WorldPerks Asia only)</small>
* [[Kingfisher Airlines]]
* [[Malaysia Airlines]]
* [[Malév Hungarian Airlines]]
* [[Midwest Airlines]]
* [[Thai AirAsia]] <small>(WorldPerks Asia only)</small>
|}
Northwest also offers frequent flyer partnerships with the following car rental agencies:<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/worldperks/earn/partnercenter/carrental/ Northwest Airlines WorldPerks Car Rental Partnerships]</ref>
{|
|- valign="top"|
|
* [[Alamo Rent A Car]]
* [[Avis Rent A Car]]
* [[Dollar Rent A Car]]
* [[National Car Rental]]
* [[Thrifty Car Rental]]
|}

==WorldClubs==
[[Image:NWA WorldClubs logo.png|right|150px]]
WorldClubs is Northwest's member lounge. Members have reciprocal access to a number of other clubs, including fellow [[SkyTeam]] carriers such as [[KLM Royal Dutch Airlines]], [[Continental Airlines]], [[Delta Air Lines]], and [[Air France]]. Northwest also has partnerships with various other airline lounges on an airport-by-airport basis. Unlike some other airline lounges, WorldClubs offer free alcoholic beverages in domestic locations and [[Tokyo Narita|Tokyo-Narita]]. Northwest also offers free [[Wi-Fi]] internet access world-wide. Northwest Airlines and Continental Airlines are the only airlines in the United States that offer lifetime memberships in their airport lounge programs, something that currently costs non-elite members $4,690.<ref>[http://www.nwa.com/services/bustrav/worldclubs/wclub.shtml Northwest Airlines WorldClub Information]</ref>

===Locations===
The following locations are Northwest Airlines WorldClub locations:
[[Image:Nwaworldclub.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Northwest WorldClub]]
{|
|-
|valign="top"|
*[[Boston Logan International Airport|Boston]]
*[[Chicago O'Hare International Airport|Chicago O'Hare]] <br><small>(Shared with [[Continental Airlines]])</small>
*[[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport|Detroit]] (4)
*[[Honolulu International Airport|Honolulu]]
*[[Indianapolis International Airport|Indianapolis]] <small>(opens Fall 2008)</small>
*[[Los Angeles International Airport|Los Angeles]]
*[[London Heathrow International Airport|London Heathrow]] <br> <small>([[SkyTeam]] Lounge - opens Spring 2009)</small>
*[[Ninoy Aquino International Airport|Manila]]
*[[Memphis International Airport|Memphis]]
|valign="top"|
*[[General Mitchell International Airport|Milwaukee]]
*[[Minneapolis-Saint Paul International Airport|Minneapolis/St. Paul]] (2)
*[[Newark International Airport|Newark]]
*[[LaGuardia Airport|New York La Guardia]]
*[[Portland International Airport|Portland]]
*[[San Francisco International Airport|San Francisco]]
*[[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport|Seattle/Tacoma]]
*[[Seoul International Airport|Seoul]]
*[[Tokyo Narita International Airport|Tokyo Narita]] (2)
*[[Washington Dulles International Airport|Washington Dulles]]
*[[Washington National Airport|Washington Reagan]]
|}
Northwest Airlines WorldClub members are allowed to use partner clubs, which offer more clubs in more locations.<ref>[https://www.nwa.com/services/bustrav/worldclubs/locat.shtml WorldClubs® Location Directory]</ref>

==Codeshare agreements==
Northwest Airlines has [[codeshare]] agreements with the following airlines as of April 2008:
{|
|-
|valign="top"|
* [[Air France]]
* [[Alaska Airlines]]
* [[Alitalia]]
* [[All Nippon Airways|ANA]]
* [[American Eagle Airlines|American Eagle]] <br><small>(California Routes Only)</small>
* [[China Airlines]]
* [[China Southern Airlines]]
|valign="top"|
* [[Continental Airlines]]
* [[CSA Czech Airlines]]
* [[Delta Air Lines]]
* [[Gulfstream International Airlines]]
* [[Hawaiian Airlines]] <br><small>(Inter-Island Routes Only)</small>
* [[Horizon Air]]
* [[Japan Airlines]]
|valign="top"|
* [[KLM]]
* [[KLM Cityhopper]]
* [[Korean Air]]
* [[Malév Hungarian Airlines]] <br><small>(Amsterdam-Budapest Only)</small>
* [[Midwest Airlines]]
* [[Pinnacle Airlines]]
* [[V Australia]] <small>(begins December 2008)</small>
|}

==Incidents and accidents==
===Fatal accidents===

*[[January 10]], [[1938]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 2|Flight 2]], a [[Lockheed Model 14 Super Electra]] crashed in the [[Bridger Mountains (Montana)|Bridger Mountains]], {{convert|12|mi|km|0}} northeast of [[Bozeman, Montana]]. All 8 passengers and 2 crew were killed. This was the airline's first fatal crash. Three other Lockheed Model 14 aircraft belonging to Northwest crashed over the next thirteen months. ([[January 13]], [[1939]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 1|Flight 1]])

*[[12 March]] [[1948]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 4422|Flight 4422]], a [[Douglas DC-4]] military charter en route from [[Shanghai]] back to the U.S.<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19480312-0 ASN Aircraft accident description Douglas C-54G-1-DO NC95422 - Mt. Sanford, AK]</ref> crashed into [[Mount Sanford (Alaska)|Mount Sanford]], [[Alaska]].

*[[August 29]], [[1948]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 421|Flight 421]], a [[Martin 202]] was flying a scheduled domestic route of [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]-[[Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota|Minneapolis-St. Paul]] when it crashed about {{convert|4.1|mi|km|1}} NW of [[Winona, Wisconsin]] after entering the leading edge of a thunderstorm. Pieces of the plane were seen falling, and the plane was found on a bluff on the east side of the [[Mississippi River]]. All 37 occupants onboard (33 passengers and 4 crew) died. The cause of the crash was fatigue of the left wing, causing it to separate from the plane and precipitating the plunge.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19480829-0]'''

*[[October 27]], [[1948]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 6427]], a [[Douglas DC-4]] was on a special cargo trip flying [[Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota|Minneapolis-St. Paul]]-[[Edmonton, Alberta|Edmonton]]-[[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] ([[Merrill Field]])-[[Tokyo, Japan|Tokyo]] when it crashed into a wooded area {{convert|34.4|mi|km|1}} N of Edmonton soon after takeoff. Out of the 5 occupants onboard, 2 were killed. The investigation revealed that the captain had feathered the propellers in simulation to instruct the copilot on emergency procedures. This was determined to be the primary cause of the crash. '''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19481027-0]'''

*[[March 7]], [[1950]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 307]], a [[Martin 202]] was operating a domestically scheduled passenger flight routing [[Washington, DC]]-[[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]]-[[Madison, Wisconsin|Madison]]-[[Rochester, Minnesota|Rochester]]-[[Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota|Minneapolis St. Paul]]-[[Winnipeg, Manitoba|Winnipeg]] crashed just before landing at Minneapolis, after deciding not to land at Rochester due to weather. The plane struck a flagpole at the National Soldiers Cemetery. The plane continued flying for another {{convert|3.8|mi|km|1}} when the left wing separated and fell. The plane flew for a little bit more before crashing into a house. The house and plane both were engulfed in flames. All 13 occupants onboard, plus 2 residents of the house, were killed. The cause of the crash was determined to be the loss of visual reference to the ground due to the snow falling at the time. '''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19500307-0]'''

*[[23 June]] [[1950]]: The disappearance of [[Northwest Airlines Flight 2501|Flight 2501]]<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19500623-0 ASN Aircraft accident description Douglas DC-4 N95425 - Benton Harbour, MI <nowiki>[Lake Michigan]</nowiki>]</ref>, a DC-4 flying from [[New York City]] to [[Minneapolis-St. Paul]] over [[Lake Michigan]], has never been solved.

*[[October 13]], [[1950]]: A [[Martin 202]] on a training flight originating and ending in [[Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota|Minneapolis St. Paul]] crashed near [[Almelund, Minnesota|Almelund]], killing all 6 people on board. It was determined that there was a reversal of the right propeller during the flight, causing the plane to spin out of control. '''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19501013-0]'''

*[[November 7]], [[1950]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 115]], a [[Martin 202]] was flying a regularly scheduled route of [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]]-[[Minneapolis-St. Paul]]-[[Billings, Montana|Billings]]-[[Great Falls, Montana|Great Falls]]-[[Helena, Montana|Helena]]-[[Butte, Montana|Butte]]-[[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] when it crashed {{convert|3.1|mi|km|1}} E of Butte while landing. The plane crashed into the eastern slope of a ridge. All 21 people onboard (17 passengers and 4 crew) were killed. The cause of the crash was the pilot not following the proper approach procedures.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19501107-0]'''

*[[January 16]], [[1951]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 115]], a [[Martin 202]], was on a regular scheduled route of [[Minneapolis-St. Paul]]-[[Billings, Montana|Billings]]-[[Kalispell, Montana|Kallispell]]-[[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]]-[[Wenatchee, Washington|Wenatchee]]-[[Yakima, Washington|Yakima]]-[[Seattle, Washington|Seattle]] when it crashed about {{convert|11.9|mi|km|1|sing=on}} W of [[Reardan, Washington|Reardan]] after the captain decided to skip landing at Wenatchee and instead proceed to Yakima due to weather. An emergency message from the plane was heard briefly 15 seconds after the clearance was given. All 10 occupants onboard (7 passengers and 3 crew) were killed. The cause of the crash is still not known.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19510116-0]'''

*[[January 19]], [[1952]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 324]], a [[Douglas C-54]] was flying a nonscheduled flight originating in [[Tokyo, Japan|Tokyo]], ending at [[McChord Air Force Base]] with intermediate stops in [[Shemya, Alaska|Shemya]] and [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] ([[Elmendorf Air Force Base]]). While opposite [[Sitka]], the #1 propeller was feathered by the captain, who requested a diversion to [[Sandspit, British Columbia|Sandspit]]. As the plane was landing, it touched down about a third of the way down the runway; at around the mid-point, power was applied and the plane took off, but stalled due to the steep climb and plunged into the water at the end of the runway. Of the 43 occupants onboard 36 (33 passengers and 3 crew) were killed, all succumbing to drowning and exposure. The cause of the crash was icing on the plane causing the nose gear to not be able to be retracted. '''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19520119-0]'''

*[[2 April]] [[1956]], [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 2]] crashed on takeoff from the [[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport]] on a flight to [[Portland, Oregon]], [[Chicago]] and [[New York City]]. The pilots ditched the [[Boeing Stratocruiser]] into [[Puget Sound]]. {{convert|5.4|mi|km|1}} off [[Seattle]]; 4 passengers and 1 flight attendant died after escaping the wreckage, likely from [[hypothermia]] or [[drowning]].

*[[17 March]] [[1960]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 710|Flight 710]] a [[Lockheed L-188 Electra]] enroute to [[Miami]] from [[Chicago]] lost a wing at 18,000 feet near [[Tell City, Indiana]]. All 57 passengers and 6 crew were killed.

*[[July 14]], [[1960]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 1-11]], a [[Douglas DC-7]], was flying from [[New York City]] to [[Manila]], Philippines with stops in [[Seattle]], [[Anchorage, Alaska|Anchorage]] [[(Cold Bay)]], [[Tokyo]], and [[Okinawa, Japan|Okinawa]]. The plane was on its final leg between Okinawa and Manila when the No. 2 engine experienced power loss. The propeller then separated from the plane and hit the fuselage, slashing a 15 inch hole. The pilot decided to ditch the plane in the [[Pacific Ocean]] about {{convert|77.5|mi|km|1}} NE of Manila. Upon impact, the rear of the plane separated as well as the engines and right wing. The majority of survivors used the right wing, which floated for 3 hours as a liferaft until rescue came. Out of 58 occupants onboard (51 passengers and 7 crew onboard) only 1 was killed.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19600714-0]'''

*[[October 28]], [[1960]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 104]], a [[Douglas DC-7]], was flying from [[Spokane]] to [[Missoula, Montana|Missoula]] when it crashed about {{convert|20|mi|km|-1}} W of Missoula in the [[Clark Fork Valley]]. The plane was seen making a steep left banking turn with nose up; the plane continued rolling and crashed inverted. All 12 occupants (8 passengers and 4 crew were killed). the cause of the crash was attributed to pilot error.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19601028-0]'''

*[[September 16]], [[1961]]: [[Northwest Orient Flight 706]], a [[Lockheed L-188 Electra]] was on a routine flight from [[Milwaukee, Wisconsin|Milwaukee]] to [[Miami, Florida|Miami]], with stops in [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]], [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], and [[Ft. Lauderdale, Florida|Ft. Lauderdale]]. While departing from Chicago, the plane banked to the right and gradually descended until hitting the ground. All 37 occupants (32 passengers and 5 crew) were killed. The cause of the crash was mechanical failure in the ailerons.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19610916-1]'''

*[[February 12]], [[1963]]: [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 705]], a [[Boeing 707]] flying from [[Miami, Florida|Miami]] to [[Chicago, Illinois|Chicago]] crashed in the [[Florida Everglades]] approximately {{convert|37|mi|km|0}} SW of [[Miami International Airport]], while diverting to avoid bad weather. All 43 occupants onboard (35 passengers and 8 crew) were killed. The cause of the crash was determined an unrecoverable loss of control due to severe turbulence. '''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19630212-0]'''

*[[June 3]], [[1963]]: [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 293]], a [[Douglas DC-7]] flying a [[Military Air Transport Service]] (MATS) flight from [[McChord Air Force Base]] outside Tacoma, Washington to [[Elmendorf Air Force Base]] outside Anchorage, Alaska. While in flight, contact was lost. Floating debris from the plane was located {{convert|182.5|mi|km|1}} WSW of [[Annette Island, Alaska|Annette Island]]. All 101 occupants onboard (95 passengers and 6 crew) were killed. The cause of the crash was never determined.'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19630603-1]'''

*[[December 1]], [[1974]]: [[Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 6231]], a [[Boeing 727]] was flying on a ferry flight from [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] to [[Buffalo Niagara International Airport|Buffalo]] when it crashed in the vicinity of [[Stony Point, New York|Stony Point]] killing the 3 occupants onboard. As the plane was cleared to climb, the airspeed and rate of climb increased, until the plane stalled and descended out of control into a wooded area. The cause of the crash was due to loss of control because "the flight crew failed to realize and correct the aircraft's high-angle-of-attack, low-speed stall and descending spiral".'''[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19741201-1]'''

*[[16 August]] [[1987]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 255|Flight 255]] <ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19870816-2 ASN Aircraft accident description McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82 N312RC - Detroit-Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, MI (DTW)]</ref> crashed on takeoff from [[Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport]]. All aboard the [[McDonnell Douglas MD-80|MD-82]] were killed except for one young girl. The cause of the crash was found to be attempted take off with the wrong wing flap setting.

*[[3 December]] [[1990]], [[Northwest Airlines Flight 1482]], a DC-9-10 departing for [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania|Pittsburgh]] <ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19901203-1 ASN Aircraft accident description Douglas DC-9-14 N3313L - Detroit-Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, MI (DTW)]</ref> and [[Northwest Flight 299]], a Boeing 727-200 departing for [[Memphis, Tennessee|Memphis]]<ref>[http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19901203-2 ASN Aircraft accident description Boeing 727-251 N278US - Detroit-Metropolitan Wayne County Airport, MI (DTW)]</ref> collided at Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport near the intersection of runways 09/27 and 03C/21C in dense fog. The 727 had begun its takeoff roll, and the DC-9 had just taxied onto the active runway. None of the 146 passengers and 10 crew members aboard the 727 were injured, but the DC-9 sustained heavy damage. One crew member and 7 of the 39 passengers aboard the DC-9 were killed.

===Non-fatal accidents and incidents===

*On [[24 November]] [[1971]], Northwest Airlines [[Flight 305]] en route from [[Portland International Airport]] to [[Seattle-Tacoma International Airport]], was hijacked by [[D. B. Cooper]]. After receiving a $200,000 ransom payment and 4 parachutes in Seattle, he ordered the crew to fly to Mexico, and jumped from the aft airstairs of the [[Boeing 727|Boeing 727-051]] while it was in flight over [[Washington]]. The aircraft later landed safely in [[Reno/Tahoe International Airport|Reno, NV]] but Cooper's fate remains unknown.

*In 2004, pilots mistakenly landed at [[Ellsworth AFB]] instead of the nearby [[Rapid City, South Dakota|Rapid City]] airport. Passengers aboard were asked to close their window shades by [[US Air Force]] security personnel, who arrived at the aircraft more than 30 minutes after it landed.<ref>{{cite news |first=Bill |last=Harlan |title=Landing incident prompts investigations|url=http://www.rapidcityjournal.com/articles/2004/06/21/news/local/top/news01.txt |work=Rapid City Journal |date=[[2004-06-21]] |accessdate=2008-04-06 }}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
*Ruble, Kenneth D.; (1986). Flight to the Top: How a Hometown Airline Made History--and Keeps on Making It: The Absorbing Sixty-year Story of Northwest Airlines. New York: Viking Press.
*"Pilots Who Flew Drunk are Sentenced to Prison". ([[October 27]], [[1990]]). ''St. Louis Post-Dispatch'', p. 7A. Retrieved [[March 21]], [[2005]] from LexisNexis.
*[http://www.freep.com/money/business/nwa17e_20050317.htm Moylan, Martin J. "NWA to trim mechanics jobs". ([[March 17]], [[2005]]). ''Detroit Free Press''].
*[http://www.nwa.com/corpinfo/upclose/ Northwest Airlines history timeline on www.nwa.com]
*[http://www.usps.com/history/his2_5.htm U.S. Postal Service history; airmail service starts]
*"[http://dmses.dot.gov/docimages/pdf95/385506_web.pdf Order 2006-2-1]", Joint Application of Alitalia-Linee Aeree Italiane-S.p.A., Czech Airlines, Delta Air Lines, Inc., KLM Royal Dutch Airlines, Northwest Airlines, Inc. and Societe Air France for Approval of and Antitrust Immunity for Alliance Agreements, [[United States Department of Transportation]], [[February 6]], [[2006]].

==External links==
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* [http://www.nwa.com Northwest Airlines]
* [http://www.newglobalairline.com/ Delta-Northwest Official Merger Information]
* [http://www.nwa-restructuring.com NWA Restructuring Information]
* [http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Northwest_Airlines/information.php Northwest Airlines seating charts and seat reviews]
* [http://www.airlineroutemaps.com/USA/Northwest_Airlines.shtml NWA Route Maps]
* [http://www.chriscummings.cc/air/Timetables/NWA/index.html NWA Historic Timetables]
* [http://www.airfleets.net/ageflotte/?file=calcop&opp=Northwest%20Airlines NWA Fleet Age]
* [http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Northwest_Airlines NWA Fleet Detail]
* [http://ir.nwa.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=111021&p=irol-fleet NWA Fleet Detail NWA.com]
* [http://sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/04/13/BU17243.DTL Article on Northwest's 2003 rebranding as NWA]
* [http://aviation-safety.net/database/operator/ ASN worldwide aircraft incident database]
* [http://www.ionglobal.com/casestudy_nwa01.asp Case study on Northwest Airlines Asian localization]

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Revision as of 00:34, 17 April 2008

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