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{{Infobox company
| {{IMN}}
| name = Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali - OFM
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| logo =
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| caption =
| {{URL|http://www.gov.im/ded/aircraft/}}
| type = [[Railway]] and [[Aircraft]] manufacturer
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| predecessor =
| successor = [[IMAM]]
| foundation = {{Start date|pre 1918}}
| founder =
| defunct = {{End date|1935}}
| location_city = Naples
| location_country = Italy
| locations = Naples
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Nicola Romeo]],<ref name="One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - Nicola Romeo">[http://www.aleniaaermacchi100.it/people/nicola-romeo-2?lang=en]'''One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - Nicola Romeo''' http://www.aleniaaermacchi100.it Retrieved: 05 December 2013</ref> [[Alessandro Tonini]], [[Giovanni Galasso]]
| industry =
| products = [[locomotives]], [[airplanes]], [[sailplanes]]
| services =
| production =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees =
| parent =
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage =
| footnotes =
| intl = yes
}}

'''Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali''' or '''OFM''' was an Italian [[railway]] and rolling stock manufacturing company based at [[Naples]]. In 1915,<ref name="One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - Nicola Romeo" /> '''Ing Nicola Romeo and Co Ltd''' owned by [[Nicola Romeo]] bought Officine Ferroviarie Meridionali and two other factories producing railway [[locomotives]] and other rolling stock (one was in [[Rome]] and another one in [[Saronno]]) to support his automobile activities and his dream about aviation and airplanes.

By 1922 the OFM factory was only producing railway [[locomotives]] and similar rolling stock parts. [[Nicola Romeo]] following closely the success of Fiat, he considered that the OFM Naples factory and its workforce was suitable to be trained in order to produce aircraft parts and even a plane. The first aircraft parts constructed by OFM were for a Fiat contract and production started shortly. As Fiat’s factories were fully employed with other projects, OFM produced in 1923 the [[sesquiplane]] [[Fiat CR.1]] fighter as a sub-manufacturer.<ref name="aviationclassics">[http://www.aviationclassics.co.uk/news/issue-20-alenia-aermacchi-officine-ferroviarie-meridionali-and-industrie-aeronautiche-romeo]'''Aviation Classics magazine''', Issue 20 Published: 03:07PM May 31st, 2013 By Tim Callaway http://www.aviationclassics.co.uk. Retrieved: 05 December 2013</ref>
In parallel he was entrusted by the [[Banca Italiana di Sconto]] with managing its Anonima Lombarda Fabbrica Automobili (ALFA), into which in 1918 he merged OFM to create [[Alfa Romeo]]. While this quickly became one of the world’s most famous automakers, the collapse of [[Banca Italiana di Sconto]] led Romeo to reacquire OFM. Through this he entered the aviation business in 1925 under the '''"OFM – Aeroplani Romeo"''' brand.<ref name="One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - Nicola Romeo" />

Obsessed with his aviation factory dream, [[Nicola Romeo]] hired [[Alessandro Tonini]] as OFM's chief designer. Tonini had a great experience in aerodynamics and airplane design as he had worked at [[Macchi]] on the [[flying boat]] fighter designs. OFM contacted [[Fokker]] and got production licence for the [[Fokker C.V]]. It was built by the Naples factory in 1927 as the OFM Ro.1. With the Ro.1 production line established, OFM turned its attention to its own first designs such as the Ro.1 Ridotto.<ref name="aviationclassics" />

[[Nicola Romeo]] significantly changed the organisation of the company on October 27, 1934 by splitting the OFM railway workshop and the aircraft business, creating, or possibly just officially recognising the aviation company as '''Societa Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo''' (abbreviated as '''"IAR"'''), short titled as: '''Aeroplani Romeo''',<ref name="Meridionali Ro.37 bis">[http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/photo_albums/timeline/ww2/Meridionali%20Ro.37bis.htm]'''Meridionali Ro.37 bis''' http://www.century-of-flight.net/Aviation%20history/photo_albums/timeline/ww2/Meridionali%20Ro.37bis.htm Retrieved: 05 December 2013</ref> a name which had been in common usage for some time.<ref name="aviationclassics" />

All OFM aircraft types from 1925 have been mistakenly referred as produced by [[IMAM]] which was the successor of OFM. The aircraft produced in [[Napoli]] by OFM from 1925 onwards frequently carried the inscription '''Aeroplani Romeo''' painted somewhere on the airframe. All the aircraft built by the company were popularly known as both OFMs and Romeos, but all were given the designation prefix Ro.<ref name="aviationclassics" /> For example Ro.37 had a data plate rivated on [[cockpit]]'s instrument panel with '''Aeroplani Romeo - SA Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo''' brand name on it.<ref name="http://theaviationist.com">[http://theaviationist.com/2010/07/12/the-imam-ro-37bis-found-in-afghanistan/]'''The IMAM Ro.37bis found in Afghanistan - David Cenciotti Weblog - The Aviationist''', Published: July 12st, 2010 By David Cenciotti http://www.theaviationist.com. Retrieved: 05 December 2013</ref>

In 1935, OFM (the railway workshop) was sold to [[Società Italiana Ernesto Breda]]. Later, between 1935 and 1936, Romeo also sold Societa Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo to [[Società Italiana Ernesto Breda]], which combined the two companies into a single [[subsidiary]] organisation on October 1, 1936, the well know Industrie Meccaniche e Aeronautiche Meridionali (Southern Mechanical and Aviation Industries), often shortened to Meridionali or [[IMAM]].

== Products ==

=== Aircraft ===

* OFM Ro.1, [[Fokker C.V]] under licence, first flown March 1927, 1x420hp Alfa Romeo Jupiter IV engine.
* OFM Ro.1 Ridotto, (late 1927) fighter version of the OFM Ro.1 with reduced wingspan (12.5m). 1 prototype built.
* OFM Ro.1bis, 550&nbsp;hp Piaggio Jupiter VIII, 4-bladed propeller, 1x550hp Piaggio Jupiter VIII, 132 built.
* OFM Ro.5,<ref name="One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - OFM Ro.5">[http://www.aleniaaermacchi100.it/aircrafts/ofm-ro-5-2?lang=en]'''One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - OFM Ro.5''' http://www.aleniaaermacchi100.it Retrieved: 05 December 2013</ref> (1929) open cockpit
* OFM Ro.5bis,<ref name="One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - OFM Ro.5" /> (1929) full canopy cockpit
* OFM Ro.6, (1929) a version of the Ro.5 with 85&nbsp;hp Fiat engine.
* OFM Ro.10, (1929) [[Fokker F.VII]] under licence, 3x215hp Alfa Romeo Lynx engines. 3 built for operation by Avio Linee Italiane and Ala Littoria.
* OFM Ro.25, (1930) trainer built in single and two-seat versions. It was the 1st complete Giovanni Galasso's design for OFM. 2 prototypes built. One as landplane and one as seaplane.
* OFM Ro.26, (1931) two-seat aerobatic biplane trainer built in small numbers both as a landplane and seaplane.
* OFM Ro.30, (1932) three-seat reconnaissance biplane, 1x530hp Alfa Romeo Mercurius or 1xPiaggio 126-RC35 Jupiter. A few were built.
* OFM Ro.35,<ref name="Alianti italiani - Rassegna tecnica e storica degli alianti italiani progettati e costruiti dal 1923 al 2000">[http://www.j2mcl-planeurs.net/dbj2mcl/planeurs-biblio/biblio-fiche_0int.php?code=26]'''Alianti italiani - Rassegna tecnica e storica degli alianti italiani progettati e costruiti dal 1923 al 2000''', Published by Macchione Editore (Varese, Italy): 2000 Author, Vittorio Pajno, ISBN 9788883400452 Retrieved: 06 December 2013</ref> (1933) single-seat glider, wingspan 14.5m. Only 1 produced and registered as I-ABBB.
* OFM Ro.37,<ref name="Meridionali Ro.37 bis" /> (1933) two-seat biplane light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, 1x600hp Fiat A.30 V-12, 294 built.
* OFM Ro.37bis,<ref name="Meridionali Ro.37 bis" /> (1933) two-seat biplane light bomber and reconnaissance aircraft, 1x610hp Piaggio P.IX RC.40, 325 built.
* OFM Ro.41,<ref name="One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - Ro.41">[http://www.aleniaaermacchi100.it/aircrafts/imam-ro-41-2?lang=en]'''One Hundred Years Young, Alenia Aeramacchi Official Historical Site - Ro.41''' http://www.aleniaaermacchi100.it Retrieved: 05 December 2013</ref> (1934) open cockpit biplane fighter, Originally designed and produced by OFM, taken over by Societa Anonima Industrie Aeronautiche Romeo and lately continued under [[IMAM]].

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Manufacturing companies of Italy]]

Revision as of 17:23, 16 January 2014

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